A Survey of Electrical Materials Counterfeiting in Bayelsa State: A Case Study of Yenagoa Local Government Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Obukoeroro John ◽  
◽  
Uguru H.E. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
International Standards ◽  
High Resistivity ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Cable Properties ◽  
Electrical Wiring ◽  
Electrical Materials ◽  
Electrical Cables

Electrical cables are the bedrock of every electrical wiring and installation. In this study, some essential cable properties (size, electrical resistivity and flame retardant) of electrical cables sold in Bayelsa state were determined according to NIS-approved methods. Four commonly used electrical cables (1 mm2, 1.5 mm2, 2.5 mm2, and 4 mm2) in Bayelsa State were sampled. Results obtained showed that most of the electrical cables sold within the Yenagoa metropolis fell below International Standards. Only 58% of the 1 mm2, 43% of the 1.5 mm2, 62% of the 2.5 mm2 and 46% of the 4 mm2 cables met the NIS recommended sizes. For electrical resistivity, most of the cables failed to meet the NIS recommendations. The resistivity of 45% of the 1 mm2 sampled cable, 39% of 1.5 mm2, 52% of the 2.5 mm2 and 33% of the 4 mm2 sampled cable were above the maximum limits approved by the Nigeria Industrial Standard. High resistivity observed in these cables can lead to electrical fire due to temperature buildup within the cable. Most of the cable insulators were made from good fire retarding materials. 92% of the 1 mm2, 93% of the 1.5 mm2, 89% of the 2.5 mm2 and 87% of the 4 mm2 cable insulators had flame retarding characteristics. Results from this study can be used as a guide by standard regulatory agencies to monitor the sales of electrical cables in the state since most of the cables sampled in this study fell below National and International standards. Keywords: Electrical cables, electrical fire, electrical resistivity, fire retardant, standards

scholarly journals Geophysical Delineation of Barite-Galena Mineralization Using Coupled Electrical Resistivity (ER) and Induced Polarization (IP) Techniques. A Case Study of Iyamitet, Cross River State, South-South, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
O. J. Airen ◽  
D. A. Babaiwa
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Joint Inversion ◽  
Induced Polarization ◽  
High Resistivity ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Geophysical Techniques ◽  
Mineralized Zone ◽  
2D Resistivity

A combined Electrical Resistivity (ER) and Induced Polarization (IP) techniques were carried out at Iyamitet, Cross-River State Nigeria with the aim of mapping the Barite-Galena mineralization zone within the area. Five traverses were established in orthogonal directions with length of 100 m. The traverses were established in grid format for better coverage of the study area and Dipole-Dipole electrode configuration was adopted for the data acquisition for both ER and IP. Res2Dinvx software was employed for the joint inversion of the data and the resulting 2D resistivity and chargeability images of the subsurface were interpreted qualitatively and semi-quantitatively to locate the mineralized zone. The result of the investigation revealed that the resistivity values of the suspected mineralized zones fall between 1023 ohm-m to 377599 ohm-m and the chargeability falls between 232 msec and 727 msec. The depth to the top of some of the mineralized zones is as shallow as 1.25 m and as deep as 19.8 m in other places. The results of the investigation have indicated the presence of the Barite-Galena ore within the area and this manifested as high resistivity and high chargeability zones along the traverses. The result of this investigation highlights the efficiency of combined geophysical techniques in locating mineralized zones in a basement area.

Implementation of medium voltage remote controlled switches to improve quality performance indexes – a case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Cezar Santos ◽  
Wagner Santos ◽  
Guilherme Cestaro ◽  
Marcio Zamboti Fortes ◽  
Henrique Henriques
Keyword(s):  
Energy Distribution ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Fast Detection ◽  
Performance Indexes ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Operation Center

AbstractThe growing demand for quality in the Energy Distribution Service, both by consumers and by regulatory agencies, obliges most distribution utilities to apply technologies that can be easily implemented and produce results in a short term horizon. The telecontrol technology is an essential tool every time it is necessary to fast restore the energy supply. This technology, which is completely supervised and controlled by the system operation center, allows the fast detection of a fault at a distance and switch an equipment without the aid of the operating crew, thus reducing the time that the power supply is unavailable. The present paper describes a Telecontrol Project, incorporated in an electric energy distribution utility in Brazil and compares the results in quality improvement with others usual investment actions, such as operating and maintenance procedures, laterals protection and network reinforcement. This paper shows, analyzing the results, that to improve the reliability indexes in a short time, when the company’s economic recovery is more important, the application of remotely controlled switch is more effective.

scholarly journals Comparison between electrical resistivity tomography and tunnel seismic prediction 303 methods for detecting the water zone ahead of the tunnel face: A case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1094-1104
Author(s):  
Nima Dastanboo ◽  
Xiao-Qing Li ◽  
Hamed Gharibdoost
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Electrical Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Rock Properties ◽  
Electrical Tomography ◽  
Tunnel Face ◽  
Resistivity Tomography ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Seismic Prediction

AbstractIn deep tunnels with hydro-geological conditions, it is paramount to investigate the geological structure of the region before excavating a tunnel; otherwise, unanticipated accidents may cause serious damage and delay the project. The purpose of this study is to investigate the geological properties ahead of a tunnel face using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and tunnel seismic prediction (TSP) methods. During construction of the Nosoud Tunnel located in western Iran, ERT and TSP 303 methods were employed to predict geological conditions ahead of the tunnel face. In this article, the results of applying these methods are discussed. In this case, we have compared the results of the ERT method with those of the TSP 303 method. This work utilizes seismic methods and electrical tomography as two geophysical techniques are able to detect rock properties ahead of a tunnel face. This study shows that although the results of these two methods are in good agreement with each other, the results of TSP 303 are more accurate and higher quality. Also, we believe that using another geophysical method, in addition to TSP 303, could be helpful in making decisions in support of excavation, especially in complicated geological conditions.

Delineation of sinkhole in evaporite deposits using electrical resistivity survey: a case study of southern Kohat Plateau, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Waqar Azeem ◽  
Khaista Rehman ◽  
Nazeer Ur Rehman ◽  
Afrasiab ◽  
Umar Farooq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Electrical Resistivity Survey ◽  
Resistivity Survey
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