scholarly journals Accommodating Absence: Medical Leave as an ADA Reasonable Accommodation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1629
Author(s):  
Sean Mulloy
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Title I ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Reasonable Accommodation ◽  
Court Case ◽  
Medical Leave ◽  
Reasonable Accommodations ◽  
Supreme Court Case ◽  
Qualified Individual ◽  
Circuit Courts

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is widely regarded as one of the most significant pieces of civil rights legislation in American history. Among its requirements, Title I of the ADA prohibits employers from discriminating against people with disabilities and requires that employers make reasonable accommodations for qualified individuals. Many questions about the scope of the reasonable-accommodation mandate remain, however, as federal circuit courts disagree over whether extended medical leave may be considered a reasonable accommodation and whether an employee on leave is a qualified individual. This Note argues that courts should presume finite unpaid medical leaves of absence are a reasonable accommodation under certain circumstances and shift the focus of judicial inquiry to the employer’s burden of showing undue hardship. Creating a presumption for medical leave is consistent with the text and purpose of the ADA, aligns with Supreme Court case law, and serves as a better framework for balancing competing policy concerns compared to existing approaches.

Argumentation of the Courts and Contemporary Legal Scholarship

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Kuenzler
Keyword(s):  
Case Law ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
Court Case ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Resale Price Maintenance ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Supreme Court Case ◽  
Resale Price ◽  
The One ◽  
Price Maintenance

This chapter analyzes existing U.S. Supreme Court case law with respect to, on the one hand, antitrust’s minimum resale price maintenance plans, bundling and tying practices, as well as refusals to deal, and, on the other hand, trademark law’s dilution, postsale, sponsorship, and initial interest confusion doctrines, including design patent and selected areas of copyright law. It demonstrates that courts, based on the free riding hypothesis, have come to protect increasing amounts of artificial shortage of everyday consumer goods and services and corresponding incentives to innovate. Through the preservation of such values, antitrust and intellectual property laws have evolved into “dilution laws” and have focused, almost exclusively, on the refurbishment of the technological supply side of our present-day digital economies rather than also on the human demand side of “creative consumption.”

INTER ARMA SILENT LEGES (NOTAS SOBRE DEL DERECHO DE EXCEPCIÓN)

2010 ◽  
pp. 285-294
Author(s):  
JOSÉ MANUEL CASTELLS ARTECHE
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
United States Supreme Court ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Court Case ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Current Economic Crisis ◽  
Supreme Court Case ◽  
Emergency Measures ◽  
Structural Point

Se hace notar que en situaciones de excepción, sea en un aspecto coyuntural (la actual crisis económica), sea estructural (las medidas de emergencia justificadas en razones de necesidad), se afecta normalmente aunque no necesariamente a los principios propios de un Estado de Derecho. Se aportan ejemplos de la realidad actual o de momentos claves de la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Supremo de los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica. Salbuespeneko egoeretan, dela egoera koiunturala (egungo krisi ekonomikoa), dela egiturazkoa (premiagatik justifikatuta dauden larrialdiko neurriak), gehienetan, baina ez beti, Zuzenbide Estatutuaren printzipio funtsezkoetara jotzen da. Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako Epaitegi Gorenaren jurisprudentziaren gaur egungo errealitatearen edo une gailurren adibideak aztertzen dira. It is pointed out that in exceptional circumstances, either from a temporary point of view (current economic crisis) or from a structural point of view (emergency measures justified by reasons of necessity), is normally affected albeit not necessarily the same principles of the Rule of Law. Some current real examples or key moments in United States¿ Supreme Court case law are provided.

3. Certainty and formalities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Macdonald ◽  
Ruth Atkins ◽  
Jens Krebs
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Court Case ◽  
Flexible Systems ◽  
Electronic Transactions ◽  
Supreme Court Case ◽  
Electronic Contracting ◽  
The One ◽  
Binding Agreement

This chapter looks at the need for certainty and formalities in contracting. It explores case law which illustrates, on the one hand, that a willingness of the parties to make a contract does not necessarily amount to a legally binding agreement, whilst on the other hand, there is potential for the court to fill in any gaps to give effect to agreements. The issues surrounding an agreement which is expressed to be ‘subject to contract’ are explored in light of the recent Supreme Court case of RTS Flexible Systems Ltd. The reasons for when contract formalities may be required are also noted. There is also discussion of electronic contracting, in relation to the introduction of the Electronic Identification and Trust Services for Electronic Transactions Regulations (2016/696).

scholarly journals La filiación internacional a examen por el Tribunal Supremo. A propósito de las sentencias TS 223 y 224 de 17 de abril de 2018 = International declaration of parentage before the Supreme Court. Supreme Court case Law Nº 223 and 224, 17th April 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 624
Author(s):  
Mónica Guzmán Zapater
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Court Case ◽  
International Jurisdiction ◽  
Applicable Law ◽  
Time Element ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Supreme Court Case ◽  
Conflict Of Law

Resumen: Dos Sentencias del TS de 2018 abordan el problema de la sucesión de normas de competencia judicial y norma de conflicto en procesos de filiación. En atención a los valores que presiden la materia se decantan soluciones ad hoc sin proclamarla aplicación retroactiva de las nuevas normas en la materia.Palabras clave: filiación, competencia judicial internacional, ley aplicable, elemento temporal de las normas de conflicto, valores y objetivos en presencia, otras cuestiones.Abstract: In two cases Spanish Supreme Court goes through the question of temporary application of new rules on jurisdiction and applicable law in ascertainment filiation actions. Taking into account interest and values on filiation actions finally establishes ad hoc solutions in each case avoiding a formal declaration on it´s retroactive consequences.Keywords: filiation, international jurisdiction, applicable law, time element in conflict of law rules, values and objectives, other questions.

scholarly journals The criminal liability of the medical team considering the recent orientation of the Italian Court of Cassation

2022 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 214-225
Author(s):  
Emanuela Furramani ◽  
Rrezart Bushati
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Court Case ◽  
Medical Team ◽  
Supreme Court Case ◽  
Italian Constitution

This article aims to analyze the thematic of medical team liability considering the recent Italian Supreme Court case-law, highlighting the various problems linked to the identification of the responsibility of each member of the team. The participation of several subjects in the execution of medical treatment makes the question of criminal liability very complex, especially when it comes to inauspicious events, such as injuries or death, occurring during medical treatment. The question concerns the exact identification of the duty of care and vigilance of the medical team and whether this duty is in line with the principle of individual criminal responsibility guaranteed by Article 27 of the Italian Constitution. In this regard, the case-law has elaborated the so-called “principle of reasonable confidence”, according to which the division of labour that belongs to each member should involve a delimitation of his responsibility, limited only to what is within his competence, except in case of the person who organizes, directs, and controls the team. Precisely, based on this principle, the Italian Supreme Court in 2018 reasserted that in the medical team is necessary to identify the role played by each member, thus avoiding resorting to objective responsibility.

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