Local and Systemic Adverse Reactions to mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines Comparing Two Vaccine Types and Occurrence of Previous COVID-19 Infection

The aim of this study was to assess adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccines, comparing the BNT162b2 or the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccines and the presence and seriousness of a previous COVID-19 infection. We conducted a cross-sectional online survey of vaccinated healthcare workers at a tertiary hospital in Barcelona (Spain). Thirty-eight percent of vaccine recipients responded to the questionnaire. We compared the prevalence of adverse reactions by vaccine type and history of COVID-19 infections. A total of 2373 respondents had received the BNT162b2 vaccine, and 506 the mRNA-1273 vaccine. The prevalence of at least one adverse reaction with doses 1 and 2 was 41% and 70%, respectively, in the BNT162b2 group, and 60% and 92% in the mRNA-1273 group (p < 0.001). The BNT162b2 group reported less prevalence of all adverse reactions. Need for medical leave was significantly more frequent among the mRNA-1273 group (12% versus 4.6% p < 0.001). Interestingly, respondents with a history of allergies or chronic illnesses did not report more adverse reactions. The frequency of adverse reactions with dose 2 was 96% (95% CI 88–100%) for those with a history of COVID-19 related hospitalization, and 86% (95% CI 83–89%) for those with mild or moderate symptomatic COVID-19, significantly higher than for participants with no history of COVID-19 infections (67%, 95% CI 65–69%). Our results could help inform vaccine recipients of the probability of their having adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccines.

THE PHENOMENON OF MOBBING IN UKRAINIAN SOCIETY: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES

The current study aims to analyze modern problematicity of "mobbing" in Ukrainian society. The concept of "mobbing", the causes of its occurrence, manifestation specifics, distinguishing characteristics, main types and methods of eradicating its negative consequences both at the level of the enterprise management and relatively any individual have been studied. It has highlighted that now in Ukraine every second Ukrainian has been mobbed and, unfortunately, Ukraine has no legislatively fixed definition of the concept of "mobbing" and, accordingly, the mechanisms for regulating this phenomenon. The study states that mobbing is a hostile and unethical communication which is directed in a systematic way by one or a number of persons mainly toward one individual and results in the humiliation, devaluation, discrediting, and degradation; loss of professional reputation; removal of the victim from the organization through termination, extended medical leave, or quitting. It also has been proved that problem of mobbing is not fully understood or studied and to eliminate this destructive phenomenon, it is advisable to use the entire arsenal of management methods, to borrow the best foreign experience, simultaneously using their managerial experience and proceeding from the development specifics of any team.

Organisational and relational factors that influence return to work and job retention: The contribution of activity ergonomics

BACKGROUND: Work is a determinant of employee health, and the same conditions that contribute to an illness do not favour return to work; consequently, they hinder job retention, other employees can become ill and new leaves are generated. OBJECTIVE: To analyse the nursing technicians work in intensive and semi-intensive care units (ICUs and SICUs) and discussed the influence of organisational and relational factors on return to work and job retention. This study also discusses the contributions of activity ergonomics to these processes. METHOD: Qualitative case study based on ergonomic work analysis (EWA). Data were collected using documentary analyses, and global, systematic, and participant observations involving nursing technicians working in ICUs and SICUs. RESULTS: Task planning and the staff size adjustment to respond to the work demands of these units were ineffective in real-world situations and were aggravated by cases of absenteeism, medical leave, and employees returning to work. CONCLUSIONS: Work structure limits return to work and job retention. An EWA based on the activities developed by professionals is a valid tool for understanding working processes by applying transforming actions to real-world work situations.

PECULIARITIES OF GRANTING EMPLOYMENT LEAVE IN CASE OF SARS-COV-2 INFECTION UNDER ROMANIAN REGULATION. LESSONS FOR THE FUTURE

Through this paper, the author analyzes the nature of medical leave granted under the conditions of Emergency Ordinance no. 158/2005 on leave and social health insurance benefits and under Law no. 136/2020 on the establishment of measures in the field of public health at epidemiological and biological risk. The paper is divided into two sections, the first aimed at identifying the nature of medical leave as regulated in Romanian legislation, and the second following the particularities of medical leave granted in case of infection with Sars-CoV-2. Finally, brief conclusions were drawn regarding the reliability of the regulatory framework regarding medical leave for quarantine or isolation.

From civil rights to social policy: the political development of family and medical leave policy

Family and medical leave policy in the United States is often noted for its lack of wage compensation, but is also distinctive in its gender neutrality and its broad coverage of several types of leave (combining pregnancy leave with medical, parental, and caregiving leave). This article argues that the distinctive design of leave policy in the United States is explained by its origins in contestation over the civil rights policy regime that emerged in the 1960s. In the early 1970s, women's movement advocates creatively and strategically formulated demands for maternity leave provision that fit an interpretation of this new policy regime's antidiscrimination logic. Because of this decision to advance an antidiscrimination claim, advocates became committed to pursuing a leave guarantee on gender-neutral grounds, which in turn enabled the broad-coverage leave design. This case study suggests that scholars of social policy and American political development should pay greater attention to the impact of civil rights on social policy. This article also contributes to the study of policy development by providing an example of how political actors cross boundaries between policy domains during the policy making process and by presenting a reconceptualization of “policy regimes.”