Long-acting Reversible Contraceptives - IUDS/IUS and Implants: A Review

Unexpected or unintended pregnancy is a global health concern. Young women who are pregnant are refused contraception care in many nations. For women, reversible methods of contraception with long-acting methods such as intrauterine devices (IUDs) proved more productive than short-acting methods including tablets and condoms. We systematically searched on Google scholar, PubMed, LitCovid, and MedRxiv using the search terms unintended pregnancy, contraception, implants, and IUD/IUS for published articles. The available IUDs now provide nearly complete childbirth protection although have few complications. Implantable contraceptives are commonly practiced all around the globe. Implants are among the most effective and reliable contraceptive strategies available. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States in 1990, approved the Norplant contraceptive. The IUDs and implants apart from being successful contraceptives have a variety of harmful effects, which led the development in the field. The insertion and removal involving a qualified individual and the aseptic setting were correlated with other small hazards for IUDs and implants. This review focuses on the complications with IUDs and implants, and also focuses on the developments in the field of novel IUDs approaches.

A Controlled Stability Genetic Algorithm With the New BLF2G Guillotine Placement Heuristic for the Orthogonal Cutting-Stock Problem

The orthogonal cutting-stock problem tries to place a given set of items in a minimum number of identically sized bins. Combining the new BLF2G heuristic with an advanced genetic algorithm can help solve this problem with the guillotine constraint. According to the item order, the BLF2G heuristic creates a direct placement of items in bins to give a cutting format. The genetic algorithm exploits the search space to find the supposed optimal item order. Other methods try to guide the evolutionary process. A new enhancement guides the evolutionary process, enriching the population via qualified individuals, without disturbing the genetic phase. The evolution of the GA process is controlled, and when no improvements after some number of iterations are observed, a qualified individual is injected to the population to avoid premature convergence to a local optimum. A generated set of order-based individuals enriches the evolutionary process with qualified chromosomes. The proposed method is compared with other heuristics and metaheuristics found in the literature on existing data sets.

[INSTITUSI TAREKAT TASAWUF DALAM PEMANTAPAN SPIRITUAL INSAN] INSTITUTION OF SUFI ORDER IN HUMAN SPIRITUAL EMPOWERMENT

Sufism is a knowledge discipline which derives from three basic Islamic components along with tauhid and fiqh knowledge. It is a principle of knowledge discussing regarding the cleaning method and purification of soul of an individual Muslim from a mazmumah trait (al-takhalli) and self-prepared method with mahmudah trait (al-tahalli) in order to get the blessing of Allah. It requires a guidance and support from a qualified individual because in order to succeed, there must be many internal and external obstacles will arise that is not easy to be overcomed without guidance. Therefore, sufi order is an institution which consists of the practise and the true appreciation of sufism according with the syaikh mursyid’s leadership. Meanwhile, this study is purposing in explaining the concept of sufi order to the society with the main focus is to analyse the tarekat approach which is focused to its role in human spiritual empowerment. This is a qualitative approach study. The data collecting method used is a documentation method which refer to the secondary sources. The finding of the study summarised that the sufi order institution is an effective approach in empowering an individual spiritual through the syaikh mursyid’s approach in guiding the students (salik). Tasawuf merupakan salah satu disiplin ilmu daripada tiga komponen asas ilmu Islam di samping ilmu tauhid dan fikah. Ia adalah bidang ilmu yang membicarakan berkenaan kaedah pembersihan dan penyucian rohani seseorang individu Muslim daripada sifat mazmumah (al-takhalli) dan kaedah menghiasi diri dengan sifat mahmudah (al-tahalli) dalam usaha untuk sampai kepada keredaan Allah. Ia memerlukan kepada tunjuk ajar dan sokongan daripada individu yang berkelayakan lantaran dalam proses untuk mencapai kejayaan, sudah pasti akan terbentang pelbagai halangan dan rintangan dalaman mahupun luaran yang tidak mudah untuk diharungi tanpa bimbingan. Dengan demikian, tarekat tasawuf merupakan sebuah institusi yang mengandungi pengamalan dan penghayatan tasawuf yang sebenar melalui pimpinan syaikh mursyid. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan menjelaskan konsep tarekat tasawuf kepada masyarakat dengan tumpuan utamanya untuk menganalisis pendekatan tarekat yang difokuskan kepada peranannya dalam pemantapan spiritual insan. Kajian ini adalah berbentuk kajian kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan ialah metode dokumentasi dengan merujuk kepada sumber-sumber sekunder. Dapatan kajian ini menyimpulkan bahawa institusi tarekat tasawuf merupakan satu pendekatan yang efektif dalam memantapkan spiritual individu melalui pendekatan syaikh mursyid dalam membimbing para salik.

Electing Team Strasbourg: Professional Diversity on the European Court of Human Rights and Why it Matters

Reforms to the process for electing judges to the European Court of Human Rights have generally focused on identifying the most qualified individual candidates. This Article argues for a more holistic approach, advancing a theory of why professional diversity on the European Court of Human Rights is an asset in collegial decision making. The results of original interviews with several Strasbourg judges are presented, followed by an empirical analysis of the professional backgrounds of all judges elected to the European Court of Human Rights since 1998. Although the interviews indicate that the judges themselves see the value of professional diversity, the quantitative evidence suggests a trend in the direction of a more professionally homogenous bench. The Article concludes with some suggestions for how the promotion of professional diversity might be appropriately pursued in future reforms to the process for electing Strasbourg judges.

Accommodating Absence: Medical Leave as an ADA Reasonable Accommodation

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is widely regarded as one of the most significant pieces of civil rights legislation in American history. Among its requirements, Title I of the ADA prohibits employers from discriminating against people with disabilities and requires that employers make reasonable accommodations for qualified individuals. Many questions about the scope of the reasonable-accommodation mandate remain, however, as federal circuit courts disagree over whether extended medical leave may be considered a reasonable accommodation and whether an employee on leave is a qualified individual. This Note argues that courts should presume finite unpaid medical leaves of absence are a reasonable accommodation under certain circumstances and shift the focus of judicial inquiry to the employer’s burden of showing undue hardship. Creating a presumption for medical leave is consistent with the text and purpose of the ADA, aligns with Supreme Court case law, and serves as a better framework for balancing competing policy concerns compared to existing approaches.

PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN YANG MENYENANGKAN UNTUK SEKOLAH DASAR

The development of Indonesia in the era of Revolution Industry 4.0 needs highly qualified human resource who capable in science and technology. A qualified education will result in a qualified individual. Joyful learning will raise someone’s interest and motivation in learning. This article was a result of observation and literature study which concerned the joyful learning model for the natural science subject matters. The result of this study was someone will like the study of the natural sciences because of the enjoyment learning situation in elementary school. The joyful learning will raise someone’s motivation for further study because they have curiosity concern the science and technology.

Improvement of Effectiveness by Applying PDCA Cycle or Kaizen: An Experimental Study on Engineering Students

This study mainly focused on developing skills on different field of perspective like software-based skills and interpersonal skills which will help an individual to become more proactive and efficient in their desired job field. In this memorizing based educational system students are not encouraged to learn new skills like software-based skills and interpersonal skills which are very much important to become expert and qualified individual in the corporate and competitive job field. The aim was to develop an effective method which will help the students to learn these necessary skills besides their regular course related study. It was focused on using this method by approaching on a gradual step by step procedure and developed it to solve the problem. It will save the time of the students and also make their fundamental knowledge strong on different software. A survey was conducted among the students from own university and got a satisfactory response from them. Most of them were looking for an effective process of learning without harming regular studies. This method will obviously help the students of our country to improve skills besides regular studies in a more effective way to be expert in their own field of specialization.

Revised PREP Guideline Review: What You Should Know?

ABSTRACT No. 2017 – 296 On April 11, 2016 the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA), and the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) released the 2016 National Preparedness for Response Exercise Program (PREP) Guidelines. The new guidelines became effective on June 10, 2016 and replaced the previous guidelines issued in 2002. Established under the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90), the PREP guidelines were developed to provide a mechanism for compliance with response plan drill and exercise requirements under the Act and implementing regulations. Use of the PREP Guidelines is voluntary, however, compliance with the PREP guidelines will satisfy these requirements. The 2016 PREP Guidelines apply to all OPA 90 response plan holders including USCG regulated vessels and marine transportation-related facilities, EPA non-transportation-related onshore and offshore facilities, PHMSA-regulated facilities and pipelines, BSEE-regulated offshore facilities and area on-scene coordinator (OSC) exercises. The guidelines specify that, within a three-year cycle, all elements of the Facility Response Plan (FRP) or Vessel Response Plan (VRP), including the 15 core components, should be exercised in a drill, or series of drills, involving the Owner/Operator, Qualified Individual (QI), Oil Spill Removal Organizations (OSRO) and Salvage and Marine Firefighting (SMFF) resource providers. This paper will provide an overview of the PREP requirements, including plan holder initiated exercises, the remote assessment and consultation exercises (RACE) for vessels, shore-based tabletop exercises, response equipment deployment exercises, and Government Initiated Unannounced Exercises (GUIEs). As the QI, O’Brien’s has designed, conducted, played, and or evaluated well over 1,000 PREP related activities. This paper will discuss the implementation of PREP from the QI’s perspective, and the identification of some lessons learned and best practices that may be applicable more broadly to support the regulated industry and response community with the implementation of PREP.