THE ROLE OF CIRCADIAN REGULATION OF GHRELIN LEVELS IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE (LITERATURE REVIEW)

The paper is aimed at the analysis of the role of the circadian regulation of ghrelin levels in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Based on the literature data, patients with Parkinson’s disease have clinical fluctuations in the symptoms of the disease, manifested by the diurnal changes in motor activity, autonomic functions, sleep-wake cycle, visual function, and the efficacy of dopaminergic therapy. Biological rhythms are controlled by central and peripheral oscillators which links with dopaminergic neurotransmission – core of the pathogenesis of Parkinson`s disease. Circadian system is altered in Parkinson`s disease due to that ghrelin fluctuations may be changed. Ghrelin is potential food-entrainable oscillator because it is linked with clock genes expression. In Parkinson`s disease this hormone may induce eating behavior changing and as a result metabolic disorder. The “hunger hormone” ghrelin can be a biomarker of the Parkinson’s disease, and the study of its role in the pathogenesis, as well as its dependence on the period of the day, intake of levodopa medications to improve the effectiveness of treatment is promising.

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Sleep Disorders Associated with Parkinson's Disease: Role of Dopamine, Epidemiology, and Clinical Scales of Assessment

CNS Spectrums ◽

10.1017/s1092852900017260 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 13 (S4) ◽

pp. 6-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Shyamal H. Mehta ◽

John C. Morgan ◽

Kapil D. Sethi

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Behavior Disorder ◽

Sleep Behavior ◽

Dopaminergic Therapy ◽

Clinical Scales ◽

And Control

ABSTRACTSleep dysfunction is common among patients with Parkinson's disease and occurs in approximately two thirds of patients. The problems range from nocturnal issues such as difficulty with sleep initiation, sleep fragmentation, disturbance of circadian rhythm, and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, to daytime problems such as excessive daytime sleepiness. Frequent nighttime awakening and sleep disruption are the most common sleep problems in Parkinson's disease. Dopamine plays an important role in maintaining wakefulness. To improve sleep in Parkinson's disease, it is important to achieve the critical balance of adequate dopaminergic therapy and control of symptoms. Increased dopaminergic agents can cause dyskinesias and painful dystonia, and undertreatment can cause nighttime akinesia, rigidity, and worse quality of sleep. Other nondopaminergic drugs commonly used in Parkinson's disease can also affect sleep. In patients with advanced Parkinson's disease, deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus has a favorable impact on sleep quality and sleep architecture.

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Rest energy expenditure in Parkinson's disease: Role of disease progression and dopaminergic therapy

Parkinsonism & Related Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.parkreldis.2012.10.016 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 238-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Marianna Capecci ◽

Massimiliano Petrelli ◽

Benedetta Emanuelli ◽

Marzia Millevolte ◽

Albano Nicolai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Disease Progression ◽

Rest Energy Expenditure ◽

Rest Energy ◽

Dopaminergic Therapy

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Circadian regulation and its disorders in Parkinson’s disease patients. Part 1: The role of dopamine in circadian dysfunction

Human Physiology ◽

10.1134/s0362119716040137 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 444-453 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yu. V. Ukraintseva ◽

V. M. Kovalzon

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Circadian Regulation ◽

Circadian Dysfunction

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Age-Induced Differential Changes in the Central and Colonic Human Circadian Oscillators

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21020674 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 674

Author(s):

Cristina Camello-Almaraz ◽

Francisco E. Martin-Cano ◽

Francisco J. Santos ◽

Mª Teresa Espin ◽

Juan Antonio Madrid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Circadian Rhythms ◽

Clock Genes ◽

Biological Rhythms ◽

Human Colon ◽

Muscle Layer ◽

Peripheral Oscillators ◽

Circadian Expression ◽

Parallel Increase ◽

Genes Expression

Aging modifies not only multiple cellular and homeostatic systems, but also biological rhythms. The circadian system is driven by a central hypothalamic oscillator which entrains peripheral oscillators, in both cases underlain by circadian genes. Our aim was to characterize the effect of aging in the circadian expression of clock genes in the human colon. Ambulatory recordings of the circadian rhythms of skin wrist temperature, motor activity and the integrated variable TAP (temperature, activity and position) were dampened by aging, especially beyond 74 years of age. On the contrary, quantitative analysis of genes expression in the muscle layer of colonic explants during 24 h revealed that the circadian expression of Bmal1, Per1 and Clock genes, was larger beyond that age. In vitro experiments showed that aging induced a parallel increase in the myogenic contractility of the circular colonic muscle. This effect was not accompanied by enhancement of Ca2+ signals. In conclusion, we describe here for the first time the presence of a molecular oscillator in the human colon. Aging has a differential effect on the systemic circadian rhythms, that are impaired by aging, and the colonic oscillator, that is strengthened in parallel with the myogenic contractility.

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