ASSESSMENT OF THE TOXICITY AND HAZARD OF SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE AT DIFFERENT EXPOSURE ROUTES

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
M. V. Bidevkina ◽  
M. I. Golubeva ◽  
A. V. Limantsev ◽  
I. N. Razumnaya ◽  
T. N. Potapova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Hazardous Substance ◽  
Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Chloroprene Rubber ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Exposure Routes ◽  
Number Of Cells

Sodium lauryl sulfate is the most common surfactant used in the production of detergents, chloroprene rubber, plastics, artificial furs and in pharmaceutical industry. Sodium lauryl sulfate is a moderately hazardous substance when introduced into the stomach (DL50 for white mice and rats is in the range of 2086-2700 mg/kg), has a pronounced local irritant effect on the skin and mucous membranes of the eyes, has a skin-resorptive, sensitizing and pronounced cumulative effects. The threshold for acute inhalation action is set at 15,3 mg/m3 for changes in the function of the nervous system and irritating effects on the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract (an increase in the total number of cells in the nasal flushes).Recommended for approval tentative safe exposure level of sodium lauryl sulfate in the air of the working area is 0.2+ mg/m3 (aerosol).

scholarly journals THE STATE OF SKIN AND MUCOSAL MICROBIOTES IN WORKERS AS AN ADAPTATION CRITERION TO OCCUPATIONAL FACTORS (BASED ON THE OIL EXTRACTION INDUSTRY)

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
pp. 1015-1020
Author(s):  
G. G. Gimranova ◽  
Lyaylya M. Masyagutova ◽  
L. G. Gizatullina
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Occupational Factors ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Deep Layers ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Introduction. The working conditions of workers in oil-producing industries do not exclude the negative impact of a harmful biological factor of the working environment. The combined effect of harmful and dangerous factors (noise, vibration, a complex of chemicals of varying intensity), adverse climatic and geographical conditions in the process of oil production lead to violations of the structural and functional state of the body and increase the risk of disease caused by opportunistic microorganisms. Material and methods. To study the effect of working conditions of workers engaged in oil extraction on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microorganism, an investigation of skin microbiota and microbiocenosis of the upper respiratory tract mucosa was carried out. Using the method of skin prints from the inner surface of the forearm on a plate with blood agar allowed, along with the total number of microorganisms, to determine the presence of hemolytic forms on the surface and in deep layers of the skin of oil workers. Estimate the influence of working conditions on the microbiocenosis of the upper respiratory tract and mucosal anti-infective resistance of the mucous membrane analyzed the species composition of the microbiota of the nasal mucosa and pharynx in workers, directly and indirectly engaged in oil production. Results. Studies show in workers directly involved in oil extraction, the number of microorganisms of the skin is significantly higher than that of healthy people in average by 2.0-3.6 times on the surface and 1.7-3.7 times in the deep layers. For machinists, these differences achieve 2.5-4.0 and 1.2-4.0 times, respectively, and for engineering and technical workers, 1.4-2.3 on the skin surface and 1.2-2.5 in the deep layers. For drillers, drillers’ assistants, operators, the presence of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms of 3-5 or more components on the nasal and pharyngeal polymicrobial associations is typical, and for engineers, engineers and technicians from 2-4, less often 5 components. Conclusion. The impact of occupational factors affecting workers in the process of oil extraction, contributes to the development of microbiocenosis lesions of the skin and mucous membranes. On the surface of the skin and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract there are a wide variety and specific structure of the microflora, specific to each of the studied groups in the workers examined.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF LACTOBACILLUS SPP. ON COLONIZATION AND ANTI-INFECTIOUS RESISTANCE OF THE MUCOUS MEMBRANES OF THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Kalinichenko ◽  
O. O. Korotkykh ◽  
S. I. Pokhil ◽  
M. G. Bakumenko
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Secretory Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Colonization Resistance ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp ◽  
Secretory Immunoglobulin

Background. Lactobacilli are very important for the formation of colonization resistance and have pronounced antagonistic effect against a wide range of microorganisms. That is why the lactobacilli have extensive use as a component of classic probiotic agents that are widely used to prevent and treat dysbiotic conditions of digestive and genital systems of people.Objective. The aim of the research was to study the effect of lactobacilli on anti-infectious resistance of mucous membranes of upper respiratory tract.Methods. The colonization degree (lg CFU / g) of nasal mucosal membranes by Lactobacillus spp. and S. aureus was determined in all carriers before the experiment. Also, the level of lysozyme and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in nasal secretions cavities was identified.Results. It was established a clear dysfunction of anti-infectious resistance in carriers of Staphylococcus aureus - a decrease of colonization resistance and local immunity of mucous membranes of upper respiratory tract. As for the anti-infectious resistance of nasal mucosal of S. aureus carriers, the level of lysozyme and secretory immunoglobulin A gradually increased after the application of probiotic strain L. rhamnosus GG, and in 21 days it reached rates of healthy individuals.Conclusions. It was found out that probiotics for nasal passages sanitation in Staphylococcus aureus carriers lead to gradual eradication of the pathogen (S. aureus) with restoration of colonization and anti-infectious resistance, mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract.

scholarly journals THE USING OF NEW PRESERVING SOLUTION FOR THE STORAGE AND THE DEMONSTRATION OF ANATOMICAL PREPARATIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
V. N. Nikolenko ◽  
A. L. Urakov ◽  
L. I. Rastegaeva ◽  
E. A. Kozyreva ◽  
L. A. Gridin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Russian Patent ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Museum Exhibits ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Shape Structure ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Term Storage

For storage and open demonstration of moist anatomical educational preparations and museum exhibits proposed to use a new preservative, which is an aqueous solution of 0.014-0.019% 3-iodine-2-propinilbutilcarbonate. The solution has high antiseptic activity and does not have a local irritant effect on the skin, mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract and oral cavity, as well as on the conjunctiva of the eyes. The proposed preservative is non-toxic and environmentally safety. Long-term storage and use of anatomical preparations in the proposed preservative does not cause any damaging changes, violations of their shape, structure and color. The method is patented by the Russian Patent Agency.

scholarly journals Overview of the Presentation and Updated Management of Sinusitis

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Khaled Abdullah S. Alasmari ◽  
Lena Defallah G. Alzahrani ◽  
Sultan Suliman Q. Al-ruwaili ◽  
Rahaf Naif A. Alenezi ◽  
Sarah Fahad M. Bukhari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Watchful Waiting ◽  
Chronic Sinusitis ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Mucociliary Function ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Nose And Paranasal Sinuses

Acute and chronic sinusitis are common primary care presentations. They are caused by mucosal inflammation, which inhibits mucociliary function of the nose and paranasal sinuses. Because it affects the mucous membranes that line both the nose and the sinuses, the complete medical word for sinusitis is "rhinosinusitis". Sinusitis is usually caused by a viral upper respiratory tract infection, with bacterial sinusitis occurring in about 2% of cases, yet in most cases overall antibiotics are being used and prescribed which is in most part are not needed, and cases often resolves without antibiotics need, most general practitioners rely on clinical findings to make the diagnosis. Watchful waiting and symptom treatment with nasal oxymetazoline, pseudoephedrine, and saline nasal irrigation are recommended. In this paper, we overview the presentation and management of sinusitis.

Just the Facts: Diagnosis and treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis in the emergency department

CJEM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Justin W. Yan ◽  
Tamara Spaic ◽  
Selina Liu
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Oral Fluids ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Venous Blood Gas

A 21-year-old male with known type 1 diabetes mellitus presented to the emergency department (ED) with two days of vomiting, polyuria, and polydipsia after several days of viral upper respiratory tract infection symptoms. Since his symptom onset, his home capillary blood glucose readings have been higher than usual. On the day of presentation, his glucometer read “high,” and he could not tolerate oral fluids. On examination, his pulse was 110 beats/minute, and his respiratory rate was 24 breaths/minute. He was afebrile, and the remaining vital signs were normal. Other than dry mucous membranes, his cardiopulmonary, abdominal, and neurologic exams were unremarkable. Venous blood gas demonstrated a pH of 7.25 mm Hg, pCO2 of 31 mm Hg, HCO3 of 13 mm Hg, anion gap of 18 mmol/L, and laboratory blood glucose of 40 mmol/L, as well as serum ketones measuring “large.”

Occupational upper respiratory tract and ear diseases in cement industry workers

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 973-973
Author(s):  
N. Bobrovsky
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cement Dust ◽  
Ear Diseases ◽  
Contradictory Information ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Upper Respiratory

The scarce and contradictory information about the effect of cement dust on the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract is considerably supplemented by Dr. Potapov's report on the results of a special team surveying the workers of the Volsk cement plants.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE TOXICITY AND HAZARD OF QUETIAPINE FUMARATE

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
M. I. Golubeva ◽  
М. V. Bidevkina ◽  
I. A. Bobrineva ◽  
I. N. Razumnaya ◽  
E. A. Fedorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Quetiapine Fumarate ◽  
Second Generation Antipsychotics ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Special Protection

Quetiapine is a psychotropic drug, a dibenzothiazepine derivative and a representative of the class of neuroleptics (antipsychotic drugs) of a new subgroup – atypical antipsychotic drugs («second-generation antipsychotics»). Quetiapine fumarate belongs to the 3rd hazard class in terms of DL50 when administered in the stomach according to GOST 12.1.007-76 (DL50 1380-1680 mg/kg, mice and rats), has a local irritant effect: pronounced - on the mucous membrane of the eyes and moderately pronounced - on the skin. There are no signs of skin resorptive or cumulative effects of quetiapine fumarate. When inhaled, an aerosol of quetiapine fumarate has a general toxic and irritating effect in rats. The threshold of acute inhalation action of quetiapine fumarate is set at 6,2 mg/m3 for general toxic effect (effect on the quantitative composition of peripheral blood and the cardiovascular system) and irritating effect on the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract. For quetiapine fumarate, the tentative safe exposure level in the air of the working area is recommended at 0,2 mg/m3 , aerosol, with «+» - special protection of the skin and eyes is required. The tentative safe exposure level in the atmospheric air of urban and rural settlements is 0,002 mg/m3.

A Suspected Case of Codeine-Induced Erythema Multiforme

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles D. Ponte
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Erythema Multiforme ◽  
Drug Discontinuation ◽  
Suspected Case ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Systemic Corticosteroids ◽  
The Family ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Systemic Symptoms

Erythema multiforme usually presents as an acute inflammatory reaction involving the skin and mucous membranes. Systemic symptoms and organ involvement also can occur. The disease is associated with many illnesses and drugs. A two-year-old child presented to the Family Practice Center with a probable codeine-induced episode of erythema multiforme. The patient had been treated with Actifed-C Expectorant for a suspected viral upper respiratory tract infection. The rash was characteristic of erythema multiforme, but there was no involvement of mucous membranes. The rash quickly abated after the discontinuation of the drug and the administration of hydroxyzine. A viral cause for the rash could not be ruled out. When erythema multiforme is precipitated by a particular drug, discontinuation of the offending agent is necessary. The rash should disappear quickly. Adjunctive use of antihistamines may offer some benefit for the patient. Systemic corticosteroids may be necessary for more severe cases.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS OF IMMUNOVAC VP-4 FOR IMMUNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN FREQUENTLY AND LONG-TERM ILL CHILDREN

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Foshina ◽  
T. A. Serova ◽  
I. B. Bisheva ◽  
O. V. Slatinova
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Local Synthesis ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Nasal Secretions ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
High Level

Aim.To study the level of specific antibodies of different isotypes to the antigens of Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella рneumoniae in the serum, saliva and nazal secret and the concentration of IgA,sIgA,IgG in saliva from frequently and long-term ill children in nasal-oral administration of Immunovac VP-4.Materials and methods.Specific antibodies to S. aureus and K.pneumoniae, contained in saliva, nasal, and serum were determined by the method of enzyme immunoassay. Concentrations of immunoglobulins of classes G, A and sА in saliva were determined by radial immunodiffusion using a commercial kit produced by the NPC «Medical immunology».Results. The high level of specific antibodies contained in the serum and nasal secretions, the level of antibodies in saliva is negligible. The serum is dominated by IgG-isotype antibodies, saliva and nasal secret — antibodies of IgA-isotope. After the introduction of Immunovac VP-4 there was a statistically significant increase in the level of specific antibacterial antibodies in serum, saliva and nasal secret, and increasing levels of IgG and sIgA in saliva.Conclusion. Obtained data demonstratet that the nasal-oral scheme of administration of Immunovac VP-4 frequently and long-term ill children allowed to increase the level of specific antibodies in serum, saliva and nasal secret to bacterial antigens that are part of the vaccine and to normalize the local synthesis of IgG and sIgA, which play a major role in the protection of the respiratory tract and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract.

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