scholarly journals Effect of the compound GIZH -290 and levetiracetam on epileptic activity in rat brain structures on EEG models of bemegrid-induced seizures

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
T. A. Voronina ◽  
S. A. Litvinova ◽  
I. G. Kovalev
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Lateral Hypothalamus ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Dorsal Hippocampus ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Epileptic Activity ◽  
Paroxysmal Activity ◽  
Epileptic Discharges ◽  
Generalized Epileptic Activity

The effect of levetiracetam (a derivative of 4-phenylpyrrolidone) and its original analog, the compound GIZH-290, on primary generalized epileptic activity (EpA) in rat brain structures (sensorimotor cortex, dorsal hippocampus-CA3 field and lateral hypothalamus field) on EEG models of bemegridinduced seizures was studied. It was found that EpA, after the introduction of bemegrid, appears in 1–2 minutes in the form of prolonged generalized high-amplitude discharges and is registered within 3 hours. GIZH-290 (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, 15 minutes after bemegrid) causes a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the number of epileptic discharges in the cortex and at the level of the trend in the hippocampus, which is accompanied by a decrease in the amplitude of the Epi-discharges. Levetiracetam at a dose of 200 mg / kg does not significantly change the severity of paroxysmal activity (the number of convulsive discharges and their duration) caused by bemegrid.

Regional Accumulation of 14C-zonisamide in Rat Brain during Kainic Acid-induced Limbic Seizures

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Akaike ◽  
Shigeya Tanaka ◽  
Hideshi Tojo ◽  
Shin-ichiro Fukumoto ◽  
Morikuni Takigawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Kainic Acid ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Dorsal Hippocampus ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Limbic Seizures ◽  
Secondary Generalization

Background:Zonisamide (ZNS) is an antiepileptic drug developed in Japan. Various experimental studies have investigated the effects of ZNS. However, the mechanism of action of ZNS against limbic seizures and secondary generalization is not well-known. We studied ictal regional accumulation of ZNS in the rat brain during kainic acid (KA)-induced limbic status epilepticus.Methods:Fourteen male Wistar rats underwent a stereotactic operation. For recording the electroencephalogram (EEG), electrodes were placed in the left amygdala (LA), left dorsal hippocampus, and over the left sensorimotor cortex. For microinjection, a stainless steel cannula was also inserted into the LA. Seven days after surgery, rats were anesthetized and a catheter was inserted into the femoral vein. The animals were immobilized and allowed to recover from anesthesia for at least two hours. In eight rats, 1.0μL (1.0μg) of KA was injected into the LA, and 1.0 μL of phosphate buffer solution was injected into the LA in six control rats. Sixty minutes after injection, 14C-ZNS was administered intravenously, and an autoradiographic study was done.Results:During limbic status epilepticus, only seizures in the sensorimotor cortex were markedly attenuated a few minutes after 14C-ZNS administration. Additionally, high uptake of 14C-ZNS was noted ipsilaterally in the sensorimotor cortex, parietal cortex and thalamus (lateral portion). In control rats, no EEG change was seen, and distribution of 14C-ZNS was rather homogeneous.Conclusion:These results suggested that ZNS suppresses secondary generalization of limbic seizures by a direct effect on the cerebral cortex.

Effect of Prenatal Hypoxia on Activity of the Soluble Forms of Cholinesterases in Rat Brain Structures during Early Postnatal Ontogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-540
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Morozova ◽  
A. V. Arutyunyan ◽  
P. Yu. Morozova ◽  
L. S. Kozina ◽  
I. A. Zhuravin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Prenatal Hypoxia ◽  
Postnatal Ontogenesis ◽  
Early Postnatal Ontogenesis

Effects of chronic antidepressant treatment under blockade of CB2 receptors on the level of endocannabinoids in rat brain structures

2015 ◽  
Vol 238 (2) ◽  
pp. S381-S382
Author(s):  
I. Smaga ◽  
L. Pomierny-Chamiolo ◽  
B. Bystrowska ◽  
T. Mohaissen ◽  
K. Kot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Cb2 Receptors

scholarly journals Pattern of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan expression after ablation of the sensorimotor cortex of the neonatal and adult rat brain

2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-591
Author(s):  
Sanja Dacic ◽  
Sanja Pekovic ◽  
Maja Stojiljkovic ◽  
Irena Lavrnja ◽  
Danijela Stojkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Sulfate Proteoglycan ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Adult Rat Brain

The central nervous system has a limited capacity for self-repair after damage. However, the neonatal brain has agreater capacity for recovery than the adult brain. These differences in the regenerative capability depend on local environmental factors and the maturational stage of growing axons. Among molecules which have both growth-promoting and growth-inhibiting activities is the heterogeneous class of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). In this paper, we investigated the chondroitin-4 and chondroitin-6 sulfate proteoglycan expression profile after left sensorimotor cortex ablation of the neonatal and adult rat brain. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that compared to the normal uninjured cortex, lesion provoked up regulation of CSPGs showing a different pattern of expression in the neonatal vs. the adult brain. Punctuate and membrane-bound labeling was predominate after neonatal lesion, where as heavy deposition of staining in the extracellular matrix was observed after adult lesion. Heavy deposition of CSPG immunoreactivity around the lesionsite in adult rats, in contrast to a less CSPG-rich environment in neonatal rats, indicated that enhancement of the recovery process after neonatal injury is due to amore permissive environment.

scholarly journals Theta and gamma hippocampal-neocortical oscillations during the episodic-like memory test: impairment in epileptogenic rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton E Malkov ◽  
Ludmila Shevkova ◽  
Alexandra Latyshkova ◽  
Valentina Kitchigina
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Interictal Spikes ◽  
Paroxysmal Activity ◽  
Cortical Oscillations ◽  
Gamma Rhythms ◽  
Hippocampal Theta

Cortical oscillations in different frequency bands have been shown to be intimately involved in exploration of environment and cognition. Here, the local field potentials in the hippocampus, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and the medial entorhinal cortex (mEC) were recorded simultaneously in rats during the execution of the episodic-like memory task. The power of hippocampal theta (~4-10 Hz), slow gamma (~25-50 Hz), and fast gamma oscillations (~55-100 Hz) was analyzed in all structures examined. Particular attention was paid to the theta coherence between three mentioned structures. The modulation of the power of gamma rhythms by the phase of theta cycle during the execution of the episodic-like memory test by rats was also closely studied. Healthy rats and rats one month after kainate-induced status epilepticus (SE) were examined. Paroxysmal activity in the hippocampus (high amplitude interictal spikes), excessive excitability of animals, and the death of hippocampal and dentate granular cells in rats with kainate-evoked SE were observed, which indicated the development of seizure focus in the hippocampus (epileptogenesis). One month after SE, the rats exhibited a specific impairment of episodic memory for the what-where-when triad: unlike healthy rats, epileptogenic SE animals did not identify the objects during the test. This impairment was associated with the changes in the characteristics of theta and gamma rhythms and specific violation of theta coherence and theta/gamma coupling in these structures in comparison with the healthy animals. We believe that these disturbances in the cortical areas play a role in episodic memory dysfunction in kainate-treated animals. These findings can shed light on the mechanisms of cognitive deficit during epileptogenesis.

scholarly journals The Alterations in Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Nuclear-Encoded Mitochondrial Genes in Rat Brain Structures after Cocaine Self-Administration

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 7460-7470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Sadakierska-Chudy ◽  
Agnieszka Kotarska ◽  
Małgorzata Frankowska ◽  
Joanna Jastrzębska ◽  
Karolina Wydra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Dna Copy Number ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna Copy Number

Approach-avoidance dissociations in rat brain

1960 ◽  
Vol 199 (6) ◽  
pp. 965-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Olds
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Lateral Hypothalamus ◽  
Medial Forebrain Bundle ◽  
Sequential Tests ◽  
Medial Hypothalamus ◽  
Approach Avoidance ◽  
Skinner Box ◽  
Self Stimulation

Two electrode pairs were implanted in each rat, one in dorso-medial tegmentum or medial hypothalamus and one in lateral hypothalamus. Four sequential tests were repeatedly administered in a two-pedal Skinner box: hypothalamic self-stimulation, tegmental self-stimulation, hypothalamic escape, and tegmental escape. Results indicate that with electrodes in medial forebrain bundle regions of hypothalamus, there is self-stimulation but no escape; with electrodes in dorso-medial tegmentum, there is escape but no self-stimulation. In both cases, this holds for all suprathreshold stimulus levels. With electrodes placed more medially in hypothalamus, or lower in tegmentum, the same electrode may yield both self-stimulation and escape depending on the nature of the test.

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