Recycling of Vulcanized Rubber Waste to Cationic Exchanger

Devulcanization of Automobile Scrap Tyres by a Mechanochemical Process

Progress in Rubber Plastics and Recycling Technology ◽

10.1177/147776060502100405 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 319-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

G.K. Jana ◽

C.K. Das

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Chemical Process ◽

Crosslink Density ◽

Diallyl Disulfide ◽

Density Data ◽

Vulcanized Rubber ◽

Rubber Waste ◽

Mechanical Shearing ◽

Vulcanization Process

The de-vulcanization of rubber waste poses a challenging economical, environmental and social problem. We propose a new de-vulcanization process to re-use the rubber waste. It is a mechano-chemical process (MCP), where the waste is de-vulcanized by a combination of mechanical shearing, heat (110 °C) and the use of a de-vulcanizing agent (diallyl disulfide). A new look at the de-vulcanization mechanism and the influence of the de-vulcanizing agent on the mechanical properties of the ultimate re-vulcanized rubber is also presented. One of the most interesting observations is that the retention of tensile strength of the re-vulcanized rubber with respect to the original tyre was 34.9% when de-vulcanized in the absence of diallyl disulfide and 72.4% in its presence. The formation of extra crosslinks in those re-vulcanized rubbers containing disulfide was confirmed from crosslink density data and from TGA results. DMA analysis revealed that the storage modulus also increased for re-vulcanized rubber containing the disulfide.

Desulfurization of Vulcanized Rubber Particles Using Biological and Chemical Methods

10.21203/rs.3.rs-82519/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Cristian Valdés ◽

Camila Hernández ◽

Rodrigo Morales-Vera ◽

Rodrigo Andler

Keyword(s):

Morphological Changes ◽

Chemical System ◽

Cross Linking ◽

Chemical Methods ◽

Vulcanized Rubber ◽

Rubber Waste ◽

Rubber Surface ◽

Rubber Recycling ◽

First Time ◽

Energy Disperse Spectroscopy

Abstract Currently, recycling or degradation treatments for tires are an enormous challenge. Despite efforts to dispose of or recycle it, rubber waste is increasing year by year worldwide. To create a rubber-recycling system, several researchers have proposed tire desulfurization. In this study, we compare two methods: one biological, using Acidobacillus ferroxidans in shake 250 mL flask experiments, and one chemical using, for the first time, microwaves and an aqueous solution. The results of these methods were analyzed through sulfate quantification, cross-linking differences, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy with energy disperse spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). We observed that the amount of sulfates generated by the chemical system was 56 mg / L, which was 10-times higher than the biological system, which generated 5.3 mg / L. Similarly, after cross-linking studies, a 36% higher decrease after the chemical treatment was observed. When using FTIR analysis, the disappearance of characteristic bands corresponding to functional groups containing sulfur bonds was observed by treating the sample with both desulfurization mechanisms. Morphological changes on the rubber surface structure was also demonstrated by SEM-EDS analysis with the appearance of holes, cracks and changes in the porosity of the material. This work analyzed two different non-aggressive desulfurization mechanisms that might be used as sustainable methods for rubber recycling processes.

Desulfurization of Vulcanized Rubber Particles Using Biological and Couple Microwave-Chemical Methods

Frontiers in Environmental Science ◽

10.3389/fenvs.2021.633165 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

C. Valdés ◽

C. Hernández ◽

R. Morales-Vera ◽

R. Andler

Keyword(s):

Morphological Changes ◽

Chemical System ◽

Cross Linking ◽

Chemical Methods ◽

Vulcanized Rubber ◽

Rubber Waste ◽

Rubber Surface ◽

Rubber Recycling ◽

First Time ◽

Energy Disperse Spectroscopy

Currently, recycling or degradation treatments for tires are an enormous challenge. Despite efforts to dispose of or recycle it, rubber waste is increasing year by year worldwide. To create a rubber-recycling system, several researchers have proposed tire desulfurization. In this study, we compare two methods: one biological, using Acidobacillus ferroxidans in shake 250 ml flask experiments, and one chemical using, for the first time, microwaves and an aqueous solution. The results of these methods were analyzed through sulfate quantification, cross-linking differences, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy with energy disperse spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). We observed that the amount of sulfates generated by the chemical system was 22.40 (mg/L)/g of rubber, which was 22-times higher than the biological system, which generated 1.06 (mg/L)/g of rubber. Similarly, after cross-linking studies, a 36% higher decrease after the chemical treatment was observed. When using FTIR analysis, the disappearance of characteristic bands corresponding to functional groups containing sulfur bonds and metal oxides were observed by treating the sample with both desulfurization methods. Morphological changes on the rubber surface structure was also demonstrated by SEM-EDS analysis with the appearance of holes, cracks and changes in the porosity of the material. This work analyzed two different non-aggressive desulfurization approaches that might be used as methods for rubber recycling processes.

Role of Compatibilization in Recycling Rubber Waste by Blending with Plastics

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/1.3547895 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 78 (3) ◽

pp. 536-547 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

D. Mangaraj

Keyword(s):

Value Added ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Thermoplastic Elastomers ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Reactive Compatibilization ◽

Continuous Type ◽

Vulcanized Rubber ◽

Thermoplastic Matrix ◽

Rubber Waste ◽

Ground Rubber

Abstract Blending ground rubber with thermoplastic and thermoset polymers is a very cost effective and efficient method for recycling rubber waste. However it is important for vulcanized rubber particles and the thermoplastic matrix to adhere to each other to form co-continuous type morphology to provide necessary strength properties. The paper discusses the principles underlying compatibilization and discusses the three types, namely mechanical, non-reactive and reactive compatibilization. Past work in compatibilizing ground rubber from tire waste (GRT) with thermoplastics has been reviewed and the use of compatibilized GRT/ plastic products in the preparation of a variety of value-added products, including thermoplastic elastomers has been discussed.

Photodegradation of polystyrene/rubber waste blends compatibilized with SBS copolymer

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics ◽

10.1177/0095244319858639 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 356-379

Author(s):

Carlos Bruno Barreto Luna ◽

Danilo Diniz Siqueira ◽

Edcleide Maria Araújo ◽

Marcus Vinícius Lia Fook

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Uv Radiation ◽

Defect Formation ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Vulcanized Rubber ◽

Rubber Waste ◽

Mineral Fillers ◽

Styrene Butadiene ◽

The Impact ◽

Butadiene Styrene

The aim of this study was to evaluate the photooxidative stability of polystyrene/vulcanized rubber waste blends, compatibilized with styrene–butadiene–styrene. High-impact polystyrene (HIPS) was used for comparison. All samples were exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation for 8 weeks and then analyzed for mechanical properties (tensile and impact), infrared spectroscopy, colorimetry, and optical microscopy. It was observed that the mechanical behavior of the photodegraded samples was a consequence of the superficial chemical modification, which was accompanied by defect formation. The most sensitive properties to aging were the impact strength and elongation at break, with HIPS being the least photostable material. The penetration depth of the UV radiation was lower for the core of the blends than for the HIPS. This finding indicated that the protective additives and mineral fillers (titanium dioxide and talc, respectively), which are present in the rubber residue, minimized the transmittance of radiation into the blends. Consequently, losses in the mechanical properties were minimized.

Effect of UV Aging on Physical Properties of Vulcanized Rubber with the Addition of Reclaimed Rubber

Logic Jurnal Rancang Bangun dan Teknologi ◽

10.31940/logic.v19i3.1469 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 155

Author(s):

Muh. Wahyu Syabani ◽

Yuli Suwarno ◽

Mertza Fitra Agustian

Keyword(s):

Hydraulic Press ◽

Raw Material ◽

Uv Aging ◽

Physical Test ◽

Vulcanized Rubber ◽

Rubber Waste ◽

Before And After ◽

Physical Tests ◽

Rubber Product ◽

Vulcanization Process

Rubber solid waste amount increased continuosly and caused environmental problem since it is very difficult to be naturally degraded. Therefore, the interest of using rubber waste as raw material for new rubber product is increased. Reclaimed rubber can be used as filler aditif for rubber processing. The aim of this research was to study the effect of UV aging on the rubber product as the reclaimed filler added. The mixing of the rubber and the additives used the kneader and open mill. The vulcanization process was done by hydraulic press. In this research, the reclaimed rubber addition was varied as follows: 12,5; 37,5 and 62,5 phr. The products quality differences before and after the UV aging evaluated using physical tests. The result of FTIR showed that the polymer chain were broken by ultraviolet radiation. The physical test gives result that the hardness and tensile strength decreased, but the elongation is increased after UV aging.