Preparation and characterization of liquid natural rubber through oxidative degradation with phenyl hydrazine and benzoyl peroxide-oxygen

The aim of this research was to synthesize liquid natural rubber (LNR) from Natural rubber (SIR-20) by chain scission method in the presence of oxygen gas and difference of peroxides, phenyl hydrazine and benzoyl peroxide. The chain scission reaction was conducted in solution of xylene in close system. SIR-20 was diluted xylene before flushing with oxygen and the addition of the peroxide. The degradation oxidation by the oxygen and the peroxides was processed at 60°C for 24 hours. The degradative oxidation product was re-precipitated by adding the excess of methanol and filtrated before dried in vacuum oven 60°C for 24 hours. The dried product was characterized by Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR). It was found that the liquid natural rubber product successfully degraded by chain scission process as shown the change of the peak area intensity of infrared absorption. It was showed the peaks area intensity of O-H and carbonyl group of liquid natural rubber spectra increased.

Multi-Stressed Nano and Micro-Silica/Silicone Rubber Composites with Improved Dielectric and High-Voltage Insulation Properties

The scope of silicone rubber (SiR) is confined due to the deprivation of its dielectric propertiesupon exposure to various ambient stresses. The aim of this research is to develop silicone rubber-based composites by employing inorganic oxide fillers for improved dielectric and high voltage insulation properties for widening its scope in the field of electrical appliances. This study reports the preparation of different composites of silicone rubber with varying concentrations of micro and nano-silica fillers. The dielectric propertytrends of these as-prepared neat and impregnated samples were examined via an indigenously developed weathering chamber capable of applying multiple stresses of acid rain, heat, humidity, UVA radiation, and salt fog. Dielectric constant values were measured before and after applying stresses. Upon applying stresses, a periodic decline in dielectric constant was observed. Improved dielectric properties were obtained by adding micro and nano-silica as fillers. A nano silica-incorporated silicone rubber product exhibited good potential for dual applications as dielectric and high voltage insulation.

Effect of Modified Silica Fume and Cellulose Fiber Used as Fillers on Properties of Antivibration Rubber

The effect of modified silica fume (mSF) and cellulose fiber (CF) content on the cure characteristics, mooney viscosity, mechanical, durability and heat resistance properties are investigated; as compared with SF and unfilled natural rubber. From the results reveal that mSF and CF affect not only fast cure rate, high viscosity but also improve rubber mechanical and heat resistance properties. Additionally, the mSF and CF are added into the natural rubber to produce antivibration rubber product and then study the rubber product performance such as durability properties. The mSF and CF effective in improving the crack resistance of antivibration rubber product more than SF and unfilled natural rubber which is due to enhancing the stiffness. The all obtained results, it can be proved that mSF and CF as the new alternative fillers in rubber industry.

Effects of 1,2-Dihydro-2,2,4-Trimethyl-Quinoline (TMQ) Antioxidant on the Marshall Characteristics of Crepe Rubber Modified Asphalt

The use of natural rubber-like crepe rubber as an asphalt additive is very susceptible to aging. Aging on asphalt crepe rubber can occur during the mixing process or its use for the road. Studies on the prevention of aging on asphalt are still being developed to produce asphalt resistance to aging and have good performance in preventing deformation. Some studies that have been done are the addition of other additives such as antioxidants. This study aims to study the effect of adding crepe rubber and the antioxidant 1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethyl-quinoline (TMQ) to the Marshall characteristics of rubber asphalt. Preparation of the rubber asphalt sample begins with making crepe rubber, which is by milling raw natural rubber in the form of a cup lump using a creeper. The crepe rubber product contains dry rubber content of more than 95%. Then the crepe rubber masticated using an open mill to soften and form it with 2 mm thickness. Then the crepe rubber is melted at 200 °C before being mixed with asphalt, heated to 165 °C. The crepe rubber content in the asphalt mixture is made 10%, and during the mixing process, the TMQ was added with contents of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% w/w. The rubber asphalt samples were then tested for their penetration and marshall characteristics, using ASTM D5 and ASTM D6927 standards. The test results show that the addition of the TMQ can improve the penetration properties and stability of the rubber asphalt in holding the load. However, the addition of the TMQ of more than 2% causes a decrease in the rubber asphalt's stability properties. The best results were obtained by adding 2% TMQ with 68.7 dmm penetration and optimum asphalt content of 5.50%. Results of the marshall test for the sample are marshall stability 1403.96 kg, void filled aggregate (VFA) 75.90%, void in a mixture (VIM) 3.07%, void mineral aggregate (VMA) 15.34%, flow 3.370 mm, and marshall quotient (MQ) 420.8 kg/mm.

Effect of Adding MoDTC on the Properties of Carbon Black Rubber and the Friction and Wear of Metal during Mixing Process

The gap between the rotor and the mixer chamber wall is an important factor in determining filler dispersion in rubber compounds. The inner wall of a mixer will wear after working for a long time, which will cause poor filler dispersion and affect the quality of rubber products. In this study, MoDTC was added to carbon black as a kind of filler, and the effect on filler dispersion, the properties of the rubber product, and the friction and wear of rubber and metal in the mixing process were examined. Experimental data showed that after adding 3 phr of MoDTC, carbon black dispersion was greatly improved, the curing time was shortened, and the performance remained stable. It was also found that the Mo element of the compound with 3 phr MoDTC dispersed better than that of the other compounds. Most importantly, adding 3 phr of MoDTC greatly reduced the amount of wear on the metal during the mixing process. However, the opposite effect occurred when the MoDTC content was high. The method proposed in this study can not only improve filler dispersion in rubber but also reduce metal wear to prolong the service life of the mixing chamber when applied to an actual mixing process.

Effect of UV Aging on Physical Properties of Vulcanized Rubber with the Addition of Reclaimed Rubber

Rubber solid waste amount increased continuosly and caused environmental problem since it is very difficult to be naturally degraded. Therefore, the interest of using rubber waste as raw material for new rubber product is increased. Reclaimed rubber can be used as filler aditif for rubber processing. The aim of this research was to study the effect of UV aging on the rubber product as the reclaimed filler added. The mixing of the rubber and the additives used the kneader and open mill. The vulcanization process was done by hydraulic press. In this research, the reclaimed rubber addition was varied as follows: 12,5; 37,5 and 62,5 phr. The products quality differences before and after the UV aging evaluated using physical tests. The result of FTIR showed that the polymer chain were broken by ultraviolet radiation. The physical test gives result that the hardness and tensile strength decreased, but the elongation is increased after UV aging.

ADATABLE INDUSTRIAL 4.0 : AN IMPROVEMENT DETECTED OBSOLETE BUSHING CONDITION ON RUBBER CURING MACHINE INDUSTRY

Bushing is a part of rubber curing machine that have function as cushion pin joint , generally make from a bronze material. Pin joint have a function to connected with 1 paired linkage arm with rotated crank gear of each via pin joint to get closing force at rubber curing machine when mould closed. When bushing condition at pin joint on rubber curing machine was not good caused by friction. It will make closing force linkage arm left and right ( 1 paired ) on rubber curing machine unbalanced. So it will make closing force to force closed rubber mould undistributed evenly, so it caused mould rubber closed with gap. This condition will make defect rubber product open mould after cured finished. In this case is important to find new methode detection and monitored bushing condition. This research was done by measured vibration around pin joint at linkage arm by taking data of sound and acceleration on the real object research and used 2D software simulator to measured bushing condition good or not. Acceleration measurement was done by measured at axis Y and Z by used accelerometer sensor, and accelero sensor on cell phone via sains journal android application. And collected the data stress value on linkage arm by used nidle dial gauge millimeter scale. By simulation software are measured acceleration at axis X and Y with good bushing condition or vise versa.The actual data that was collected : acceleration, sound vibration and stress value and simulated data by software to be compare the amplitude and choose the biggest amplitude as new methode measurement of vibration to detect and monitor bushing condition.From the result data, detection of vibration around pin joint by acceleration value by used accelerometer sensor measured at axis Y and Z more prefer with the other measurement methode.