scholarly journals Individual differences in baseline oculometrics: Examining variation in baseline pupil diameter, spontaneous eye blink rate, and fixation stability

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nash Unsworth ◽  
Matthew K. Robison ◽  
Ashley L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Eye Blink ◽  
Fixation Stability

scholarly journals Spontaneous eye blink rate predicts individual differences in exploration and exploitation during reinforcement learning

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne C. Van Slooten ◽  
Sara Jahfari ◽  
Jan Theeuwesu
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Exploration And Exploitation ◽  
Successful Performance ◽  
Eye Blink ◽  
Mixture Modelling

AbstractSpontaneous eye blink rate (sEBR) has been linked to striatal dopamine function and to how individuals make value-based choices after a period of reinforcement learning (RL). While sEBR is thought to reflect how individuals learn from the negative outcomes of their choices, this idea has not been tested explicitly. This study assessed how individual differences in sEBR relate to learning by focusing on the cognitive processes that drive RL. Using Bayesian latent mixture modelling to quantify the mapping between RL behaviour and its underlying cognitive processes, we were able to differentiate low and high sEBR individuals at the level of these cognitive processes. Further inspection of these cognitive processes indicated that sEBR uniquely indexed explore-exploit tendencies during RL: lower sEBR predicted exploitative choices for high valued options, whereas higher sEBR predicted exploration of lower value options. This relationship was additionally supported by a network analysis where, notably, no link was observed between sEBR and how individuals learned from negative outcomes. Our findings challenge the notion that sEBR predicts learning from negative outcomes during RL, and suggest that sEBR predicts individual explore-exploit tendencies. These then influence value sensitivity during choices to support successful performance when facing uncertain reward.

scholarly journals Eye-blink rate predicts individual differences in pseudoneglect

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1265-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heleen A. Slagter ◽  
Richard J. Davidson ◽  
Rachel Tomer
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Eye Blink

scholarly journals Spontaneous eye blink rate predicts individual differences in exploration and exploitation during reinforcement learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne C. Van Slooten ◽  
Sara Jahfari ◽  
Jan Theeuwes
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Exploration And Exploitation ◽  
Successful Performance ◽  
Eye Blink ◽  
Mixture Modelling

AbstractSpontaneous eye blink rate (sEBR) has been linked to striatal dopamine function and to how individuals make value-based choices after a period of reinforcement learning (RL). While sEBR is thought to reflect how individuals learn from the negative outcomes of their choices, this idea has not been tested explicitly. This study assessed how individual differences in sEBR relate to learning by focusing on the cognitive processes that drive RL. Using Bayesian latent mixture modelling to quantify the mapping between RL behaviour and its underlying cognitive processes, we were able to differentiate low and high sEBR individuals at the level of these cognitive processes. Further inspection of these cognitive processes indicated that sEBR uniquely indexed explore-exploit tendencies during RL: lower sEBR predicted exploitative choices for high valued options, whereas higher sEBR predicted exploration of lower value options. This relationship was additionally supported by a network analysis where, notably, no link was observed between sEBR and how individuals learned from negative outcomes. Our findings challenge the notion that sEBR predicts learning from negative outcomes during RL, and suggest that sEBR predicts individual explore-exploit tendencies. These then influence value sensitivity during choices to support successful performance when facing uncertain reward.

scholarly journals Individual differences in eye blink rate predict both transient and tonic pupil responses during reversal learning

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. e0185665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne C. Van Slooten ◽  
Sara Jahfari ◽  
Tomas Knapen ◽  
Jan Theeuwes
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Reversal Learning ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Eye Blink ◽  
Tonic Pupil

Staring Down Death

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Joiner ◽  
Melanie A. Hom ◽  
Megan L. Rogers ◽  
Carol Chu ◽  
Ian H. Stanley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Specific Task ◽  
Careful Planning ◽  
Eye Blink ◽  
Eye Blinks ◽  
Potential Clinical Utility ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Lowered eye blink rate may be a clinically useful indicator of acute, imminent, and severe suicide risk. Diminished eye blink rates are often seen among individuals engaged in heightened concentration on a specific task that requires careful planning and attention. Indeed, overcoming one’s biological instinct for survival through suicide necessitates premeditation and concentration; thus, a diminished eye blink rate may signal imminent suicidality. Aims: This article aims to spur research and clinical inquiry into the role of eye blinks as an indicator of acute suicide risk. Method: Literature relevant to the potential connection between eye blink rate and suicidality was reviewed and synthesized. Results: Anecdotal, cognitive, neurological, and conceptual support for the relationship between decreased blink rate and suicide risk is outlined. Conclusion: Given that eye blinks are a highly observable behavior, the potential clinical utility of using eye blink rate as a marker of suicide risk is immense. Research is warranted to explore the association between eye blink rate and acute suicide risk.

Spontaneous eye blink rate predicts learning from negative, but not positive, outcomes

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 126-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heleen A. Slagter ◽  
Katerina Georgopoulou ◽  
Michael J. Frank
Keyword(s):  
Blink Rate ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Eye Blink

scholarly journals Spontaneous Eye Blink Rate during the Working Memory Delay Period Predicts Task Performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jefferson Ortega ◽  
Chelsea Reichert Plaska ◽  
Bernard A Gomes ◽  
Timothy M Ellmore
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Delay Period ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Indirect Measure ◽  
Eye Blink ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Spontaneous eye blink rate (sEBR) has been found to be a non-invasive indirect measure of striatal dopamine activity. Dopamine (DA) neurons project to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) through the mesocortical dopamine pathway and their activity is implicated in a range of cognitive functions, including attention and working memory (WM). The goal of the present study was to understand how fluctuations in sEBR during different phases of a working memory task relate to task performance. Across two experiments, with recordings of sEBR inside and outside of a magnetic resonance imaging bore, we observed sEBR to be positively correlated with WM performance during the WM delay period. Additionally we investigated the non-linear relationship between sEBR and WM performance, and modeled a proposed Inverted-U-shape relationship between DA and WM performance. We also investigated blink duration, which is proposed to be related to sustained attention, and found blink duration to be significantly shorter during the encoding and probe periods of the task. Taken together, these results provide support towards sEBR as an important correlate of working memory task performance. The relationship of sEBR to DA activity and the influence of DA on the PFC during WM maintenance is discussed.

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