scholarly journals New pharmacological means of radiation protection (literature review)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliya Uzlenkova
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Acute Radiation ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Methodological Approaches

The review systematized the current data on new classes of pharmacological compounds and biologically active substances in the field of radiation protection in Ukraine, as well as abroad. Methodological approaches and the importance of using appropriate animal models in the development of new pharmacological drugs for radiation protection are described, specifically in the cases when it is impossible to conduct full clinical trials on patients. Current views on the division of pharmacological agents into radioprotectors, radiomitigators, and therapeutic radiation protection agents are examined. The changes in the hematopoietic tissue, gastrointestinal tract and neurovascular system that occur after acute radiation exposure are also described. Particular attention is paid to pharmacological agents that can protect against acute exposure to ionizing radiation by limiting the risk of radiation mortality from the hematological and gastrointestinal forms of radiation syndrome. Results of the effectiveness of tolerant antioxidants with a wide spectrum of biological activity as promising agents for the prevention of acute and delayed radiation-induced pathology, in particular, in lung tissue, are presented. Possible molecular mechanisms of the radioprotective effect of pharmacological compounds on experimental models of total and local radiation exposure are discussed. The effectiveness of the therapeutic use of growth factors and recombinant cytokines in acute bone marrow suppression аfter accidental radiation exposure is shown. The possibilities of cell therapy with myeloid progenitor cells mobilized by tocopherol succinate hematopoietic/progenitor cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells in acute radiation injuries are shown. Special attention is paid to the importance of improving such methodological approaches and regulatory requirements when introducing into practice new radiation protection facilities in Ukraine. Key words: radiation protection, ionizing radiation, pharmacological agents, acute radiation syndrome. For citation: Uzlenkova NE. New pharmacological means of radiation protection (literature review). Journal of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine. 2019;25(3) :268–77

scholarly journals Radiation Hazard, Safety, Control and Protection

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-103
Author(s):  
Md Hafizur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Safety Control ◽  
Radiological Procedures

The field of Radiology and Nuclear medicine has advanced from era of X-rays to today's modern imaging techniques, most of which use the ionizing radiation. With the benefits of better diagnosis and treatment, it has caused manifold increase in radiation exposure to the patients and the radiology and nuclear medicine personnel. Many studies done till date have clearly documented the harmful effects of ionizing radiation from radiation exposure, especially cancer. This is more important in paediatric population as their tissues are more radiosensitive, and they have more years to live. Diagnostic and therapeutic radiological procedures including nuclear medicine are integral part of modern medical practices, exposing both patients and medical staff to ionizing radiation. Without proper protective measures, this radiation causes many negative health effects. Hence, proper knowledge and awareness regarding the radiation hazards and radiation protection is mandatory for health professionals, especially the nuclear medicine and radiology professionals. International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP) has recommended two basic principles of radiation protection, justification of the practice and optimization of protection. Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jul 2019;14(2): 100-103

Subacute Course of Chronic Radiation Syndrome Caused External Non-Uniform Radiation Exposure of Lost Source

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
I. Galstyan ◽  
A. Bushmanov ◽  
Nelya Metlyaeva ◽  
V. Solov'ev ◽  
L. Mershin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Total Dose ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Radiation Dermatitis ◽  
Radiation Beam ◽  
Red Bone Marrow ◽  
Chronic Radiation

Purpose: To analyze the features of the clinical course of chronic radiation syndrome (CRS) due to external non-uniform chronic exposure to prolonged household contact with a lost source of ionizing radiation. Material and methods: Analysis of 2 clinical observations of patients who developed subacutecourse of CRS and chronic radiation dermatitis due to external non-uniform exposure of the lost sources of ionizing radiation are presented. Results: Boy A. K. from the age of 1 year for 7 years was external radiation exposed (for 1.5 years non-uniform exposure ) to the total dose according EPR tooth enamel about 6.3 Gy, according to the data of retrospective dose recovery on red bone marrow using voxel modeling – 26 (19–37) Gy. F. V. V., male, 38 years, was external non-uniform radiation exposed for 5 months, the total dose according cytogenetic studies of 7.9 Gy (dose rate about 0.035 Gy/h). During the examination in the hospital, the patients were diagnosed with CRS. Within the framework of the bone marrow syndrome, deep thrombocytopenia, moderate leuko- and neutropenia, and moderate anemic syndrome were observed. The latter is not typical for the typical course of CRS and is a criterion indicating a subacute course of the disease. In addition, signs of chronic radiation dermatitis were found in the projection of the action of the ionizing radiation beam. After stopping the radiation exposure, the patients did not recover their hematopoietic function, and in the period of immediate consequences, they developed myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with further transformation into acute leukemia. Conclusion: 1. Accidental prolonged household or criminal contact with a source of ionizing radiation can lead to the formation of CRS with an atypical subacute course and the formation of MDS with transformation to acute leukemia in the outcome of the disease or in the period of its consequences. 2. It can be assumed that with external non-uniform radiation exposure, leading to the development of CRS and chronic radiation damage to the skin, agranulocytosis in the subacute course of CRS may be absent. 3. Adverse prognostic signs for the development of MDS and leukemia in the outcome or in the period of the consequences of subacute CRS with non-uniform exposure are long-lasting deep thrombocytopenia and anemic syndrome after the end of radiation exposure.

RADIATION RISK ESTIMATION FROM OCCUPATIONAL MEDICAL IMAGING EXPOSURE IN MALAYSIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.R. Yahaya ◽  
Mimi H. Hassim
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Occupational Radiation Exposure ◽  
Medical Radiation ◽  
Radiation Workers ◽  
Occupational Radiation

Ionizing radiation has been increasingly applied in medicine and firmly established as an essential tool for diagnosis. There is high possibility for medical radiation workers to receive doses that are considerably higher than recorded by their dosimeters due to lack of knowledge about ionizing radiation, lack of training in radiation protection, and attitude of the workers themselves toward radiation protection. The purpose of this study is to estimate the radiation risk due to occupational exposure to ionizing radiation among medical diagnostic workers at hospitals in Malaysia. Also the objective is to determine the knowledge of occupational radiation exposure and radiation safety among the workers.  The assessment was made based on the collective doses collected from film badge of the workers. The results of risk assessment show the mean annual collective effective dose based on type of X-ray procedure in this study was 5.445mSv, which is much lower compared to the whole body exposure dose limit, set by the ICRP Publication 60. A survey on knowledge of occupational radiation exposure and radiation safety was conducted using questionnaire and it was found that vast majority of respondents were aware of radiation safety with 91.3% answered the specific questions regarding radiation protection at workplace correctly. Unfortunately only 30.4% of the respondents fully understand the hazard they are exposed to. The study reveals that there is a critical need to educate not only medical radiation workers but also medical doctors and nurses to decrease unnecessary occupational exposure to radiation hazard.

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