scholarly journals Towards a replication culture in phonetic research: Speech production research in the classroom

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo B. Roettger ◽  
Dinah Baer-Henney
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Replication Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Production Research ◽  
Classroom Studies

Our understanding of human sound systems is increasingly shaped by experimental studies. What we can learn from a single study, however, is limited. It is of critical importance to evaluate and substantiate existing findings in the literature by directly replicating published studies. Our publication system, however, does not reward direct replications in the same way as it rewards novel discoveries. Consequently, there is a lack of incentives for researchers to spend resources on conducting replication studies, a situation that is particularly true for speech production experiments, which often require resourceful data collection procedures and recording environments. In order to sidestep this issue, we propose to run direct replication studies with our students in the classroom. This proposal offers an easy and inexpensive way to conduct large-scale replication studies and has valuable pedagogical advantages for our students. To illustrate the feasibility of this approach, we report on two classroom-based replication studies on incomplete neutralization, a speech phenomenon that has sparked many methodological debates in the past. We show that in our classroom studies, we not only replicated incomplete neutralization effects, but our studies yielded effect magnitudes comparable to laboratory experiments and meta analytical estimates. We discuss potential challenges to this approach and outline possible ways to help us substantiate our scientific record.

scholarly journals Toward a replication culture: Speech production research in the classroom

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Benjamin Roettger ◽  
Dinah Baer-Henney
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Replication Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Production Research ◽  
Classroom Studies

Our understanding of human sound systems is increasingly shaped by experimental studies. What we can learn from a single study, however, is limited. It is of critical importance to evaluate and substantiate existing findings in the literature by directly replicating published studies. Our publication system, however, does not reward direct replications in the same way as it rewards novel discoveries. Consequently, there is a lack of incentives for researchers to spend resources on conducting replication studies, a situation that is particularly true for speech production experiments, which often require resourceful data collection procedures and recording environments. In order to sidestep this issue, we propose to run direct replication studies with our students in the classroom. This proposal offers an easy and inexpensive way to conduct large-scale replication studies and has valuable pedagogical advantages for our students. To illustrate the feasibility of this approach, we report on two classroom-based replication studies on incomplete neutralization, a speech phenomenon that has sparked many methodological debates in the past. We show that in our classroom studies, we not only replicated incomplete neutralization effects, but our studies yielded effect magnitudes comparable to laboratory experiments and meta analytical estimates. We discuss potential challenges to this approach and outline possible ways to help us substantiate our scientific record.

scholarly journals Research on the on-line processing of collocation: Replication of Wolter and Gyllstad (2011) and Millar (2011)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sonbul ◽  
Anna Siyanova
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Replication Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
On Line ◽  
Testing Techniques

© Cambridge University Press 2019. Research employing psycholinguistic techniques to assess the on-line processing of collocation by native and non-native speakers has flourished in the past few years. This line of research aims (among other things) at exploring actual performance in real time as opposed to the traditional paper-and-pencil testing techniques that have been extensively employed in collocation research. The present paper reviews some of the pertinent research on the on-line processing of collocations and argues for the need for more replication studies in the area. It then looks at how two experimental studies on the topic - Millar (2011) and Wolter and Gyllstad (2011) - may be replicated in order to gain deeper understanding of the key factors behind collocation processing and to obtain more valid and generalizable results that can find their way into language teaching practice.

Experimental studies on the factors limiting Tropocyclops prasinus (Fischer) 1860 in an oligotrophic lake

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 250-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienne Peacock ◽  
W. J. P. Smyly
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Cyclopoid Copepod ◽  
Chaoborus Flavicans ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Temporal Segregation ◽  
Invertebrate Predator ◽  
Late Instar

In Placid Lake Cyclops bicuspidatus thomasi was the abundant cyclopoid copepod and Tropocyclops prasinus was rare. Feeding experiments showed that T. prasinus was omnivorous in the later instars but this species was neither cannibalistic nor did it prey on other microcrustaceans. Consequently, late instar and adult diets of T. prasinus and C. b. thomasi did not overlap. Seasonal abundance peaks revealed a temporal segregation of the naupliar instars of these two cyclopoid copepods. Competition between T. prasinus and C. b. thomasi was therefore unlikely. Laboratory experiments showed that the only other potentially important invertebrate predator found in Placid Lake, Chaoborus flavicans, ate more C. b. thomasi than T. prasinus but in the absence of Chaoborus in beaker environments, C. b. thomasi always outnumbered T. prasinus after 50 or 100 days. Large scale enclosure experiments revealed that lake densities of C. b. thomasi could limit the abundance of T. prasinus in Placid Lake. Survivorship curves indicated that there was high T. prasinus naupliar mortality even in the absence of C. b. thomasi but when C. b. thomasi was included in the enclosure plankton, mortality of the nauplius 4 to copepodid I instars was greatly increased.

scholarly journals Research on the on-line processing of collocation: Replication of Wolter and Gyllstad (2011) and Millar (2011)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sonbul ◽  
Anna Siyanova
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
Replication Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
On Line ◽  
Testing Techniques

© Cambridge University Press 2019. Research employing psycholinguistic techniques to assess the on-line processing of collocation by native and non-native speakers has flourished in the past few years. This line of research aims (among other things) at exploring actual performance in real time as opposed to the traditional paper-and-pencil testing techniques that have been extensively employed in collocation research. The present paper reviews some of the pertinent research on the on-line processing of collocations and argues for the need for more replication studies in the area. It then looks at how two experimental studies on the topic - Millar (2011) and Wolter and Gyllstad (2011) - may be replicated in order to gain deeper understanding of the key factors behind collocation processing and to obtain more valid and generalizable results that can find their way into language teaching practice.

Nothing to Worry About: Why Liberals Underestimate Dominant Leaders and Act Complacently

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danbee Chon ◽  
Hemant Kakkar
Keyword(s):  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Political Campaigns ◽  
Systematic Bias ◽  
Party Affiliation ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
The Past ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Us Presidential Election

Political campaigns that lead to endorsement or victory for dominant-authoritarian candidates such as the Brexit vote or the 2016 US Presidential election are typically plagued with disbelief and bewilderment among liberals primarily because they don’t support or expect such outcomes. Beyond party affiliation, we offer a psychologically grounded explanation contending the prevalence of a systematic bias among liberals. We propose that liberals in comparison to conservatives’ dislike dominant-authoritarian leaders and this aversion leads liberals to underestimate the success of such leaders. Such underestimation leads to more sinister ramifications among liberals, making them more complacent, overconfident, and less inclined to vote for their favored candidate. We do not find any such difference among liberals and conservatives when the leader is associated with prestige or egalitarian values. We test our hypotheses across seven studies (two pre-registered, one in SI), including large-scale field data, six experimental studies with varied contexts, and a combined sample of more than 215,000 observations from 93 countries and spanning the past three decades. Additionally, we find the bias to be robust across both subjective and behavioral measures, different contexts, and even when objective odds favor the dominant leader. In doing so, our work helps explain low voter turnout among liberals compared to conservatives in the 2016 US election and why underestimating the success of such leaders may lead liberals to act complacently and not vote thereby paradoxically increasing the success likelihood of dominant-authoritarian leaders.

scholarly journals Effects of content and language integrated learning in Europe A systematic review of longitudinal experimental studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 675-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Goris ◽  
EJPG Denessen ◽  
LTW Verhoeven
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Educational Innovation ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Integrated Learning ◽  
Educational Approach ◽  
The Past

Content and language integrated learning (CLIL), an educational approach in which subject matter and a foreign language – predominantly English – are taught and learnt side by side, has developed into a very popular educational innovation in most European countries. A host of research studies have shown its benefits, and discuss favourable effects especially with respect to L2 gains. However, critical voices have underscored the fact that CLIL attracts or selects mainly high-achieving learners. Hence, the question arises whether it is justified to attribute improved L2 performance mainly to the CLIL intervention, or to favourable learner characteristics. Several reviews of literature were published in the past, but due to a lack of longitudinal findings no conclusive evidence about the added value of CLIL in the process of L2 learning could be produced. The present review aims to fill this void and has undertaken a search of two decades of longitudinal studies into the effects of CLIL on various linguistic skills in the field of English as a foreign language. The findings indicate that robust studies were undertaken in only a limited number of European countries, and that only a few of them were large scale. Yet, the conclusions provide clear indications regarding the contexts in which CLIL leads to significantly better L2 results.

scholarly journals The effects of a temporal framing manipulation on environmentalism: A replication and extension

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246058
Author(s):  
Samantha K. Stanley ◽  
Anna Klas ◽  
Edward J. R. Clarke ◽  
Iain Walker
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Temporal Framing ◽  
Replication Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
State Of The Environment

Recent research promotes comparing the current state of the environment with the past (and not the future) to increase the pro-environmental attitudes of those on the political right. We aimed to replicate this temporal framing effect and extend on research in this area by testing the potential drivers of the effect. Across two large-scale replication studies, we found limited evidence that past comparisons (relative to future comparisons) increase pro-environmentalism among those with a more conservative political ideology, thus precluding a full investigation into the mediators of the effect. Where the effect was present, it was not consistent across studies. In Study One, conservatives reported greater certainty that climate change was real after viewing past comparisons, as the environmental changes were perceived as more certain. However, in Study Two, the temporal framing condition interacted with political orientation to instead undermine the certainty about climate change among political liberals in the past-focused condition. Together, these studies present the first evidence of backfire from temporal frames, and do not support the efficacy of past comparisons for increasing conservatives’ environmentalism. We echo recent calls for open science principles, including preregistration and efforts to replicate existing work, and suggest the replication of other methods of inducing temporal comparisons.

scholarly journals Research on the on-line processing of collocation: Replication of Wolter and Gyllstad (2011) and Millar (2011)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Suhad Sonbul ◽  
Anna Siyanova-Chanturia
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Replication Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
On Line ◽  
Testing Techniques

Research employing psycholinguistic techniques to assess the on-line processing of collocation by native and non-native speakers has flourished in the past few years. This line of research aims (among other things) at exploring actual performance in real time as opposed to the traditional paper-and-pencil testing techniques that have been extensively employed in collocation research. The present paper reviews some of the pertinent research on the on-line processing of collocations and argues for the need for more replication studies in the area. It then looks at how two experimental studies on the topic – Millar (2011) and Wolter and Gyllstad (2011) – may be replicated in order to gain deeper understanding of the key factors behind collocation processing and to obtain more valid and generalizable results that can find their way into language teaching practice.

A Family With Autosomal-Dominant Progressive Sensorineural Hearing Loss

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Halpin ◽  
Barbara Herrmann ◽  
Margaret Whearty
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
The Family ◽  
Patient Will ◽  
Language Pathology

The family described in this article provides an unusual opportunity to relate findings from genetic, histological, electrophysiological, psychophysical, and rehabilitative investigation. Although the total number evaluated is large (49), the known, living affected population is smaller (14), and these are spread from age 20 to age 59. As a result, the findings described above are those of a large-scale case study. Clearly, more data will be available through longitudinal study of the individuals documented in the course of this investigation but, given the slow nature of the progression in this disease, such studies will be undertaken after an interval of several years. The general picture presented to the audiologist who must rehabilitate these cases is that of a progressive cochlear degeneration that affects only thresholds at first, and then rapidly diminishes speech intelligibility. The expected result is that, after normal language development, the patient may accept hearing aids well, encouraged by the support of the family. Performance and satisfaction with the hearing aids is good, until the onset of the speech intelligibility loss, at which time the patient will encounter serious difficulties and may reject hearing aids as unhelpful. As the histological and electrophysiological results indicate, however, the eighth nerve remains viable, especially in the younger affected members, and success with cochlear implantation may be expected. Audiologic counseling efforts are aided by the presence of role models and support from the other affected members of the family. Speech-language pathology services were not considered important by the members of this family since their speech production developed normally and has remained very good. Self-correction of speech was supported by hearing aids and cochlear implants (Case 5’s speech production was documented in Perkell, Lane, Svirsky, & Webster, 1992). These patients received genetic counseling and, due to the high penetrance of the disease, exhibited serious concerns regarding future generations and the hope of a cure.

The past, present and future of food consumption databases

2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (43) ◽  
pp. 1692-1700
Author(s):  
Viktória Szűcs ◽  
Erzsébet Szabó ◽  
Diána Bánáti
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
The Past ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Food Consumption Data ◽  
International Projects ◽  
Collection Methods ◽  
The Eu

Results of the food consumption surveys are utilized in many areas, such as for example risk assessment, cognition of consumer trends, health education and planning of prevention projects. Standardization of national consumption data for international comparison is an important task. The intention work began in the 1970s. Because of the widespread utilization of food consumption data, many international projects have been done with the aim of their harmonization. The present study shows data collection methods for groups of the food consumption data, their utilization, furthermore, the stations of the international harmonization works in details. The authors underline that for the application of the food consumption data on the international level, it is crucial to harmonize the surveys’ parameters (e.g. time of data collection, method, number of participants, number of the analysed days and the age groups). For this purpose the efforts of the EU menu project, started in 2012, are promising. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 1692–1700.

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