scholarly journals Studies on the Removal of Hydrophilic Radioactive Substances from Radioactive Waste

RADIOISOTOPES ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 447-449
Author(s):  
Shyuji KOJIMA ◽  
Akiko KUBODERA
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Radioactive Substances

The Belgian Approach and Status on the Radiological Surveillance of Radioactive Substances in Metal Scrap and Non-Radioactive Waste and the Financing of Orphan Sources

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marnix Braeckeveldt ◽  
Peter De Preter ◽  
Jan Michiels ◽  
Ste´phane Pepin ◽  
Manfred Schrauben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Nuclear Facilities ◽  
National Agency ◽  
Radioactive Substances ◽  
The People ◽  
Metal Recycling ◽  
Orphan Sources ◽  
Radioactive Sources ◽  
Sealed Source ◽  
The Cost

Numerous facilities in the non-nuclear sector in Belgium (e.g. in the non-radioactive waste processing and management sector and in the metal recycling sector) have been equipped with measuring ports for detecting radioactive substances. These measuring ports prevent radioactive sources or radioactive contamination from ending up in the material fluxes treated by the sectors concerned. They thus play an important part in the protection of the workers and the people living in the neighbourhood of the facilities, as well as in the protection of the population and the environment in general. In 2006, Belgium’s federal nuclear control agency (FANC/AFCN) drew up guidelines for the operators of non-nuclear facilities with a measuring port for detecting radioactive substances. These guidelines describe the steps to be followed by the operators when the port’s alarm goes off. Following the publication of the European guideline 2003/122/Euratom of 22 December 2003 on the control of high-activity sealed radioactive sources and orphan sources, a procedure has been drawn up by FANC/AFCN and ONDRAF/NIRAS, the Belgian National Agency for Radioactive Waste and Enriched Fissile Materials, to identify the responsible to cover the costs relating to the further management of detected sealed sources and if not found to declare the sealed source as an orphan source. In this latter case and from mid-2006 the insolvency fund managed by ONDRAF/NIRAS covers the cost of radioactive waste management. At the request of the Belgian government, a financing proposal for the management of unsealed orphan sources as radioactive waste was also established by FANC/AFCN and ONDRAF/NIRAS. This proposal applies the same approach as for sealed sources and thus the financing of unsealed orphan sources will also be covered by the insolvency fund.

Third National Inventory of Nuclear Liabilities: Main Findings, Lessons Learned

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Cantarella ◽  
Brigitte Roger
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
The State ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
National Inventory ◽  
Article 9 ◽  
Radioactive Substances ◽  
Safe Management

The safe management of a country’s radioactive substances in both the short and the long term implies a cost to its present society and necessitates financial resources to cover these costs. Once they are needed, these financial resources may prove to be insufficient or even completely lacking, leading to a nuclear liability. By virtue of article 9 of the Belgian law of 12th December 1997, the Belgian Government wishes to avoid the occurrence of such nuclear liabilities. This law charges ONDRAF/NIRAS, the Belgian Agency for Radioactive Waste and Enriched Fissile Materials with the mission to draw up a register of the localisation and the state of all nuclear sites and all sites containing radioactive substances, to estimate the costs of their decommissioning and remediation, to evaluate the existence and adequacy of the provisions for financing these future or current operations and to update the resulting inventory of nuclear liabilities on a five-yearly basis. This paper outlines the methodology put in place by ONDRAF/NIRAS to accomplish this assignment and highlights some of the results of this third inventory. It then focuses on the main recommendations ONDRAF/NIRAS made to the Belgian Government on the field of avoiding potential nuclear liabilities.

Evaluation of the Safety of Mobile Units for the Conditioning of Radioactive Waste

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Filss ◽  
Christian Wallner
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Systems Analysis ◽  
General Procedure ◽  
Special Care ◽  
The Public ◽  
Radioactive Substances ◽  
Safety Case ◽  
Measurement Devices ◽  
Nuclide Composition

In Germany mobile units are used to treat and condition radioactive waste. On behalf of the relevant authorities TUV SUD Industrie Service GmbH evaluates their safety. In this paper we outline the general procedure we apply and point out typical results. Generally, a generic safety case evaluates the effects of incidents and accidents and its consequences for the workers and the public. Special care is necessary to define the radioactive inventory, the nuclide composition and the mobility of the radioactive substances. A systems analysis is carried out. Typical aspects to be considered are the handling procedures, the measurement devices and automatic actions. From the various possible malfunctions the critical ones have to be identified. Generally one or only a few scenarios have to be considered in detail.

The Inventory of Nuclear Liabilities: A Mission of Public Interest

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Cosemans ◽  
Jacques Cantarella ◽  
Gerda Bal
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Article 9 ◽  
Radioactive Substances ◽  
Safe Management

The safe management of a country’s radioactive substances in both the short and the long term implies a cost to its present society and necessitates financial resources to cover these costs. Once they are needed, these financial resources may prove to be insufficient or even completely lacking, leading to a nuclear liability. By virtue of article 9 of the Belgian law of 12th December 1997, the Belgian Government wishes to avoid the occurrence of such nuclear liabilities. This law charges ONDRAF/NIRAS, the Belgian Agency for Radioactive Waste and Enriched Fissile Materials with the mission to draw up a register of the localisation and the state of all nuclear sites and all sites containing radioactive substances, to estimate the costs of their decommissioning and remediation, to evaluate the existence and adequacy of the provisions for financing these future or current operations and to update the resulting inventory of nuclear liabilities on a five-yearly basis. This paper outlines the methodology put in place by ONDRAF/NIRAS to accomplish this assignment and highlights some of the results of this exercise. It than focuses on the main recommendations ONDRAF/NIRAS made to the Belgian Government on the field of avoiding potential nuclear liabilities.

Behaviour of IPG Waste Forms Bearing BaSO4 as the Dominant Sludge Constituent Generated From the Treatment of Water Used for Cooling the Stricken Power Reactors

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ippei Amamoto ◽  
Hidekazu Kobayashi ◽  
Takuma Yokozawa ◽  
Teruo Yamashita ◽  
Takayuki Nagai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Liquid Radioactive Waste ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Fission Products ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Loading Capacity ◽  
Glass Waste ◽  
Network Modifier ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Radioactive Substances

The great amount of water used for cooling the stricken power reactors at Fukushima Dai-ichi following the earthquake and tsunami of 11 March 2011 has resulted in accumulation of cooling water so-called the remaining water in some buildings. As the cooling water is subsequently contaminated by fission products (FPs) and some other radioactive substances, it is necessary to decontaminate this ‘cooling water’ to reduce the volume of liquid radioactive waste and to reuse it again for cooling the affected reactors. Some methods are applied to remove the radioactive substances from the cooling water. However, after treatments of water, there arises a secondary radioactive waste, the sludge. Steps are now taken to immobilize this sludge. In this paper, BaSO4, as one of main constituents of the sludge, was chosen as an immobilizing target substance. The appropriate manufacturing condition of glass waste form for loading the sludge (BaSO4) was studied and the chemical durability was evaluated by measuring the dissolution rate. For this experiment, the iron phosphate glass (IPG), which is known to possess a large loading capacity for a variety of chemical substances, was employed as the glass medium. Based on experimental results, it is evident that BaSO4 can be loaded into the IPG medium when it possesses the appropriate composition and melting temperature. During loading, BaSO4 converted into BaO, acting as a network modifier, which leads to enhanced stability of IPG.

About of the Necessary of Corrections of the NRB-99/2009 and OSPORB-99/2010

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
B. Serebryakov
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Beta Activity ◽  
Lower Border ◽  
Radioactive Substances

Purpose: The Basic Sanitary Rules (OSPORB-99/2010) and the Standards of Radiation Safety (NRB-99/2009) contain requirements on the treatment of radionuclide contaminated materials and waste, but non-radioactive substances and radioactive waste. The aim of this work is to develop recommendations for adjustment of OSPORB-99/2010 and NRB-99/2009 for radiation safety of current and future generations of people. Results: Identified and justified by the shortcomings of NRB-99/2009 and OSPORB-99/2010 governing the treatment of materials and waste contaminated by radionuclides, but non-radioactive substances and radioactive waste, which can lead to overexposure of present and future generations of people. Developed and justified proposals for adjustments to NRB-99/2009 and OSPORB-99/2010. Conclusions: It was proposed adjustment of NRB-99/2009 and OSPORB-99-2010: in NRB-99/2009 it was proposed to delete from paragraph 5.3.4 the provisions regulating the use of materials for road construction; in OSPORB-99/2010 the return to OSPORB-99 on establishment of the lower border of wastes and materials of limited use on total alpha and beta-activity is offered.

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