scholarly journals Conventional and Pattern Laser Applications in Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema

2018 ◽  
pp. 170-176
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Macular Edema ◽  
Diabetic Macular Edema ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Laser Applications ◽  
Loss Of Vision ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Pan Retinal Photocoagulation ◽  
Retinal Photocoagulation

Diabetes mellitus leads to two major complications, diabetic retinopathy (DRP) and diabetic macular edema (DME), resulting in loss of vision. Diabetes mellitus is the most common cause of loss of vision when all age groups are taken into account. However, this complication can be prevented or delayed with various treatments, especially strict blood glucose regulation. Laser, anti-VEGF, and corticosteroids are used in the treatment of DME. Laser therapy is applied as a focal / grid or pan-retinal photocoagulation. Nowadays, different lasers are presented to use in the treatment in DRP and DME. Each has different advantages and disadvantages. This article discusses the characteristics of lasers used in the treatment of DRP and DME.

scholarly journals Incidence of diabetic eye disease in accordance with duration, glycemic control, blood and ocular pressure

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 353-358
Author(s):  
Vladimir Canadanovic ◽  
Sandra Jovanovic ◽  
Sofija Davidovic ◽  
Ana Oros ◽  
Vladislav Dzinic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Macular Edema ◽  
Diabetic Macular Edema ◽  
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Group I

Introduction. Diabetic retinopathy remains the leading cause of visual disability and blindness among professionally active adults in economically developed societies, which is of particular concern because the prevalence and incidence of diabetes mellitus is expected to increase sharply during the next decade. There are several known factors responsible for the development of diabetic retinopathy, duration of disease and blood sugar level being the most important ones. Material and Methods. Prospective study of 280 diabetic patients (diabetes mellitus type 2) divided into 3 groups according to the duration of diabetes mellitus. All diabetic patients underwent complete ophthalmological examination in artificial mydriasis and optic coherence tomography. A full medical history included patient age, the time elapsed from diabetes diagnosis, current treatment of diabetes, presence of hypertension and glycemic control assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin measurement. Results. The mean age of patients was 63.5 years (SD?6.5, range 57-70 years). Mean duration of diabetes was 7.3 years in group I, 12.4 years in group II and 17.2 years in group III. The average value of glycosylated hemoglobin was 6.58% in the group I, 7.64% in the group II and 8.29% in the third group of patients. No statistically significant difference in intraocular pressure and the level of blood pressure were found among groups. Cataract was present in 104 patients (37.1%). Complications related to diabetes among all patients included in our study were: nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy in 48.5%, proliferative diabetic retinopathy in 25.7% and diabetic macular edema in 22.5% of patients. Conclusion. The duration of diabetes is one of the most significant factors for the development of diabetic maculopathy and the progression from nonproliferative to its proliferative stage. There is significantly higher incidence of proliferative diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema in patients with increased serum level of glycosylated hemoglobin. Diabetes accompanied by hypertension is related to worsening of the clinical course of diabetic eye diseases and developing diabetic macular edema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

scholarly journals Increased expression of Protein S in eyes with diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiko Sugimoto ◽  
Mineo Kondo ◽  
Taro Yasuma ◽  
Corina N. D’Alessandro-Gabazza ◽  
Masaaki Toda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Macular Edema ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Diabetic Macular Edema ◽  
Plexiform Layer ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Outer Plexiform Layer ◽  
Post Mortem

AbstractProtein S (PS) is a multifunctional glycoprotein that ameliorates the detrimental effects of diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of PS in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME). This was a study of 50 eyes with DM (37 with DME, 6 with proliferative DR, and 7 with no DR) and 19 eyes without DM. The level of PS was measured by enzyme immunoassay and was compared between eyes with or without DM, with or without DME, and with severe DME (≥ 350 μm) or mild DME (< 350 μm). We also performed immunohistopathologic evaluations of post-mortem eyes and the cystoid lesions excised during surgery. The aqueous free PS was significantly higher with DM (7.9 ± 1.2 ng/ml, P < 0.01) than without DM (6.1 ± 0.7). The aqueous free PS was significantly elevated with DME (8.2 ± 1.2, P < 0.05) compared to proliferative DR (7.0 ± 1.0) and no DR (7.0 ± 0.7). Eyes with severe DME had significantly higher aqueous free PS than mild DME (8.5 ± 1.3 vs. 7.7 ± 1.0, P < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed PS in the outer plexiform layer of the retina and cystoid lesion. The higher expression of PS with DR and DME suggests that PS is involved in their pathogenesis.

scholarly journals The use of diod laser in microphotocoagulation and high density photocoagulation regimens in the treatment of diabetic macular edema

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-29
Author(s):  
Aleksandr S Izmaylov ◽  
Tat’yana V Kotsur
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Macular Edema ◽  
Diabetic Macular Edema ◽  
Laser Photocoagulation ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
High Density ◽  
Retinal Sensitivity ◽  
Laser Applications ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Modern Standard

The modern standard of treatment of clinically significant diabetic macular edema is macular laser photocoagulation was suggested in the reports of the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS, 1985-1990). Subthreshold microphotocoagulation (MicroPulase) leads to developing barely visible or invisible retinal burns and also has been shown to be effective in treating macular edema with no side effects comparing with ETDRS methodic (retinal pigment and choroidal atrophy, decreasing of retinal sensitivity). Effectiveness of microphotocoagulation may arise in high density laser applications, however in modern literature exists rare publications concerning this question.

scholarly journals Diabetic macular edema. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical features, treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
A N Amirov ◽  
E A Abdulaeva ◽  
E L Minkhuzina
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Macular Edema ◽  
Diabetic Macular Edema ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Optic Coherence Tomography

The article reviews domestic and international publications addressing the features of spectral optic coherence tomography in patients with diabetes mellitus and diabetic macular edema. Modern concepts of pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnostic techniques and treatment of diabetic macular edema are described. Diabetes mellitus is one of the World’s most important medical and social problems. The significance of the problem is due to the prevalence of diabetes. The incidence is increasing annually in all countries, and the catastrophic positive trend can be treated as non-infective epidemics. Diabetic retinopathy is considered as one of the most severe specific eye diseases in diabetes. Despite significant advances and new directions of medical and surgical treatment in the last years, macular edema is the most common cause of central visual acuity reduction in diabetes. The most common and informative method of diagnosis of diabetic macular edema is optical coherence tomography. This non-invasive and precise method, allowing to obtain an cross section images of studied tissues in vivo, to estimate the thickness of the retina in micrometers, the volume in cubic millimeters and its structure. Introduction of this method induced revolutionary changes in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Treatment of diabetic macular edema requires compensating the set of biological and pathophysiological local and systemic changes in the eye, occurring in diabetes. Currently treatments for diabetic retinopathy include laser surgery, surgical techniques (vitrectomy), intravitreal injections of corticosteroids and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor medications. Despite the results achieved it diagnosis and treatment of diabetic macular edema, these questions require further research.

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