Imaging Methods in Retinal Artery Occlusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Retinal Artery Occlusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Fundus Fluorescein Angiography ◽  
Imaging Methods ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Retinal Microcirculation ◽  
Retinal Artery

Advances in ophthalmic imaging methods shed light on the management of retinal artery occlusion (RAO). RAT is an ocular emergency that can cause painless, sudden onset, unilateral vision, or loss of visual field. RAO requires early diagnosis and treatment. Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), which can be used in diagnosis and follow-up, is an invasive method requiring intravenous dye application which can cause side effects. In recent years, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has become widely available as an alternative to FFA in various ophthalmologic diseases. OCTA is a new type of angiography used for fundus imaging. It is a non-invasive method for measuring and quantifying the retinal microcirculation without the use of dyes. Many other imaging modalities used in ophthalmology clinics have been used in many areas of diagnosis and treatment of RAO patients. This review deals with the results of different imaging techniques in patients with RAO.

Sudden onset blindness in sickle cell disease due to retinal artery occlusion

2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 624-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert I. Liem ◽  
Diane M. Calamaras ◽  
Manpreet S. Chhabra ◽  
Beatrice Files ◽  
Caterina P. Minniti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Retinal Artery Occlusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Retinal Artery

scholarly journals Undiagnosed Patent Foramen Ovale Presenting as Retinal Artery Occlusion—An Emerging Association

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiten G. Sheth ◽  
Tania Laverde-Konig ◽  
Jyoti Raina
Keyword(s):  
Patent Foramen Ovale ◽  
Transoesophageal Echocardiography ◽  
Retinal Artery Occlusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Foramen Ovale ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Retinal Artery ◽  
Fundus Photographs

Purpose. To report patent foramen ovale (PFO) as the cause of retinal artery occlusion in a young and previously fit male and discuss the appropriate medical and surgical management options.Methods. Interventional case report with serial fundus photographs of an 18-year-old male presenting to the eye casualty with sudden onset left visual loss.Results. Visual acuities were 6/24 left and 6/4 right with a left afferent pupillary defect. Slitlamp examination confirmed a left hemiretinal artery occlusion and subsequent cardiology review with transoesophageal echocardiography revealed patent foramen ovale which was closed surgically.Conclusions. PFO is not uncommon and is often covert but predisposes individuals to embolic events. These events may be ophthalmic with visual sequelae and so ophthalmologists, physicians, and other healthcare personnel should be aware of this important and emerging association.

scholarly journals Periarteriolar-Sparing Retinal Edema in Acute Central Retinal Artery Occlusion

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshifumi Ikeda ◽  
Ichiya Sano ◽  
Etsuko Fujihara ◽  
Masaki Tanito
Keyword(s):  
Optic Disc ◽  
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion ◽  
Retinal Artery Occlusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Central Retinal Artery ◽  
Systemic Hypertension ◽  
Cotton Wool ◽  
Retinal Edema ◽  
Retinal Artery

A 56-year-old man was referred to our hospital about 48 h after sudden onset of painless central visual loss in his right eye (OD) on a winter morning. He had a more than 25-year history of systemic hypertension and smoking. Funduscopic observation showed striated retinal whitening in the macular region, faint cotton-wool patches around the optic disc, and segmental narrowing of the retinal arteries near the optic disc edge. Based on the pattern of onset and fundus findings, he was diagnosed with vasospastic acute central retinal artery occlusion OD, and a venous drip injection of prostaglandin E1 was started immediately. Optical coherence tomography showed bands of high and low density in the inner retina arranged alternately in the edematous area; the bands corresponded to edematous and nonedematous areas, respectively, and geographically to venules and arterioles, respectively. The best-corrected visual acuity of 0.03 at referral improved to 0.5, and the striated retinal edema and most cotton-wool patches resolved 1 month after onset. The oxygen pressure gradient in the capillary networks due to differences in the distance from the arterioles may be the mechanism of this unique periarteriolar-sparing retinal edema pattern.

Clinical Diagnosis, Classification and Differential Diagnosis in Retinal Artery Occlusion

10.37783/0188 ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 9-12
Keyword(s):  
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion ◽  
Retinal Artery Occlusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Fundus Fluorescein Angiography ◽  
Cotton Wool Spots ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
Cilioretinal Artery Occlusion ◽  
Cilioretinal Artery ◽  
Retinal Artery ◽  
Patient’S History

A retinal artery occlusion is an ophthalmic emergency requiring immediate systemic evaluation because it is a summoner to stroke. Diagnosis is usually prompted by the patient’s history and fundus examination. Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and optical coherence tomography are routinely used in clinical evaluation. Retinal artery occlusions are clinically classified as central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO), cilioretinal artery occlusion (CLRAO), combined retinal artery and vein occlusion, cotton-wool spots and a newly defined entity paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM).

scholarly journals Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion in a 15-Year-Old Boy with Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Mutation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ali Riza Cenk Celebi ◽  
Sibel Kadayifcilar ◽  
Bora Eldem
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Retinal Artery Occlusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion ◽  
Fundus Fluorescein Angiography ◽  
Retinal Artery

Purpose.To report the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy in a case of branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) in a 15-year-old boy.Methods.We report a 15-year-old boy with sudden loss of vision due to BRAO. Examination included laboratory evaluation for systemic risk factors. Follow-up exams included visual acuity, fundus examination, fundus fluorescein angiography, and visual field testing. HBO therapy was employed for treatment.Results.Medical history was positive for isolated glucocorticoid deficiency. Laboratory evaluation disclosed hyperhomocysteinemia and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) mutation. The visual acuity 0.05 at presentation improved to 0.8 after 20 days of HBO therapy. There was no change on visual fields.Conclusion.In this pediatric case, HBO therapy was useful in the treatment of BRAO.

scholarly journals Varicella Zoster Meningitis, Optic Neuritis Preceding the Development of Posterior Outer Retinal Necrosis, and Central Retinal Artery Occlusion in a HIV Patient

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manasa Gunturu ◽  
Shiva Kumar Gosi ◽  
Swetha Kanduri ◽  
Vishnu Garla
Keyword(s):  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion ◽  
Retinal Artery Occlusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Blurred Vision ◽  
Cerebral Angiogram ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Csf Analysis ◽  
Retinal Artery

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) has been known to cause various eye disorders in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. We present a case of a forty-nine-year-old female patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who presented with headache, fever, and blurred vision. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis was consistent with VZV meningitis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed enhancement of the right optic nerve indicative of optic neuritis. She responded well to acyclovir and steroids and discharged on the same. Four weeks after discharge, she presented with sudden onset blindness in the left eye. A cerebral angiogram revealed left retinal artery occlusion and was treated with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Funduscopic examination showed patchy areas of necrosis in the periphery which were rapidly progressive, diagnostic of posterior outer retinal necrosis (PORN). She was started on ganciclovir and cidofovir and experienced significant improvement in her visual acuity.

scholarly journals Patent foramen ovale presenting as visual loss

JRSM Open ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 205427041666930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxuan Liu ◽  
Patrick A Calvert ◽  
Sayqa Arif ◽  
Pearse A Keane ◽  
Alastair K Denniston
Keyword(s):  
Young Patient ◽  
Patent Foramen Ovale ◽  
Visual Loss ◽  
Retinal Artery Occlusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Foramen Ovale ◽  
Early Referral ◽  
Retinal Artery

Retinal artery occlusion in an otherwise healthy, young patient is rare. In this context it is important to consider patent foramen ovale as a differential. Early referral to a cardiology specialist for diagnosis and treatment is important for preventing further ocular and non-ocular events.

scholarly journals Reperfusion of occluded branch retinal arteries by transluminal Nd:YAG laser embolysis combined with intravenous thrombolysis of urokinase

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Chai ◽  
Shanshuang Du ◽  
Xiquan Zhao ◽  
Runsheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Nd:Yag Laser ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Intravenous Thrombolysis ◽  
Retinal Artery Occlusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Fundus Fluorescein Angiography ◽  
Retinal Artery ◽  
Thrombolysis Therapy

Purpose: To report successful treatment with transluminal Nd:YAG laser embolysis (TYE) combined with urokinase thrombolysis for reperfusion of occluded branch retinal arteries with visible emboli. Methods: A total of 34 eyes from 34 patients with acute, severe vision loss secondary to a branch retinal artery occlusion with visible emboli and retinal whitening were examined. Each patient was administered TYE therapy, which focused on the embolus, using an ocular contact lens; a 0.3–0.9 mJ laser pulse was delivered directly and gradually according to the reaction. Fundus photographs and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) were obtained before and immediately after the laser treatment. All patients received urokinase thrombolysis therapy drops intravenously for 5 days at 10–20 u/d. The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 14 months after therapy. The morphological characteristics of FFA associated with obstruction recovery of arterial fluorescence filling and visual function were analyzed. Results: After TYE therapy, FFA examinations showed that the retinal artery and its branches exhibited completely restored blood flow without obstruction in 13 eyes, accounting for 38.2% of the cases. The blood flow was mostly recovered in 11 eyes (32.4% of patients). FFA examinations following the combined intravenous urokinase thrombolysis therapy showed that the retinal artery and its branches exhibited completely restored blood flow after obstruction in 16 eyes (47.1% of patients). The blood flow was mostly recovered in 15 eyes (44.1% of patients). Conclusion: TYE combined with urokinase thrombolysis is effective for reperfusion of occluded branch retinal arteries and improving visual recovery in patients with visible emboli.

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