scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF CULTURE, EDUCATION AND ENVIRONMENT ON WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PERCEPTIONS OF YOUNG FEMALES IN INDIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 471-489
Author(s):  
Nilam Panchal
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Wealth Creation ◽  
Women Entrepreneurship ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Gainful Employment ◽  
Career Preference ◽  
Young Females ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Culture Education

Our Youths presently live in an environment predominant with the influences of parents, schools, peer groups, government policies, social values and the wave of internet related issues. All these work to shape the thinking and direction of our youths positively or negatively. In the positive sense, the mind and thought of these youths become properly and positively directed to face the issues of life, while the reverse becomes the opposite. The need to create value in the lives of our Youths special young women has given rise to various calls for inculcating entrepreneurship skills amongst them. Since women entrepreneurship involves wealth creation leading to gainful employment and advancing society, the need therefore to strengthen entrepreneurship programmes. We are aware that if the youth women are mobilized to embrace entrepreneurship it would go a long way to reduce societal crimes like armed robbery, kidnapping, drug abuse, immoral behaviours etc. The need of the day is to develop culture. The objectives of the study are to study the entry barriers to entrepreneurship as perceived by the young women in Gujarat. To analyze the career preference and its influencing factors of the women under study in Gujarat. To explore the perception about the possible support system required by the young women for the establishment of entrepreneurship in the areas under study. To study the awareness of policies, programmes, institutional networks and support agencies in promoting women's entrepreneurship in Gujarat. The research design is descriptive in nature. Data will be collected through a self structured questionnaire. Data has been analyzed using various techniques and tools of research. Data has been analyzed and interpreted with the help of R Software. The study here concentrates on measuring impact of culture, education and environment on the on women entrepreneurship. Due to government efforts to empower women, they have reached a good level but does that lead to realization of better opportunities and does result it in better efficient way. The study focuses upon collecting data from different parts of country and try to bring out social challenges and other challenges of our country.

scholarly journals Evaluating the effectiveness of incentives to improve HIV prevention outcomes for young females in Eswatini: Sitakhela Likusasa impact evaluation protocol and baseline results

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marelize Gorgens ◽  
Andrew F. Longosz ◽  
Sosthenes Ketende ◽  
Muziwethu Nkambule ◽  
Tengetile Dlamini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Cash Incentive ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Eswatini continues to have the highest prevalence of HIV in the world, and one of the highest HIV incidences among adult populations (aged 15–49). This analysis reports on both key elements of study design/protocol and baseline results from an impact evaluation of an intervention incentivizing (i) initiation, enrolment, attendance or completion of some form of education, and (ii) lower risk sexual behaviour. Methods The impact evaluation employs a two by two factorial design in which participants are enrolled in either the incentive for education arm (‘education treatment arm’ providing a conditional cash incentive) or the control arm (‘education control arm’). In each of these arms, 50% of participants were randomized to also be eligible for selection – three times a year – to participate in a conditional raffle conditional on testing negative for curable STIs (syphilis and Trichomonas vaginalis). Results Baseline recruitment and screening occurred in 2016 when a total of 6055 individuals were screened of which 4863 participated in the baseline survey, and 4819 individuals were randomized into one of the study arms. The baseline prevalence of HIV, Trichomonas vaginalis, and syphilis among adolescent girls and young women 8.20% (397/4840), 3.31% (150/4533) and 0.17% (8/4830) respectively. Conclusions An educational cash incentive and raffle incentive impact evaluation that addresses adolescent girls and young women who are in-education and out-of-education has the potential to reduce HIV risk in adolescent girls and young women in Eswatini. Trial registration Name of the registry: Pan African Clinical Trials Registry. Trial registration number: PACTR201811609257043. Date of registration: May 11, 2018 ‘Retrospectively registered’. URL of trial registry record: https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=4685

scholarly journals Evaluating the Effectiveness of Incentives to Improve HIV Prevention Outcomes for Young Females in Eswatini: Sitakhela Likusasa Impact Evaluation Protocol and Baseline Results

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marelize Gorgens ◽  
Andrew Longosz ◽  
Sosthenes Ketende ◽  
Muziwethu Nkambule ◽  
Tengetile Dlamini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Cash Incentive ◽  
Risk Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Design Protocol ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Eswatini continues to have the highest prevalence of HIV in the world, and one of the highest HIV incidences among adult populations (aged 15-49). This analysis reports on both key elements of study design/protocol and baseline results from an impact evaluation of an intervention incentivizing (i) initiation or enrolment into some form of education, attendance at or completion of this form of education, and (ii) lower risk sexual behaviour. Methods: The impact evaluation employs a two by two factorial design in which participants are enrolled in either the incentive for education arm (‘education treatment arm’) or the control arm (‘education control arm’). In each of these arms, 50% of participants were randomized to also be eligible for selection – three times a year – to participate in a conditional raffle. Results: Baseline recruitment and screening occurred in 2016 when a total of 6,055 individuals were screened of which 4,863 participated in the baseline survey, and 4,819 individuals were randomized into one of the study arms. The baseline prevalence of HIV, Trichomonas vaginalis, and syphilis among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) 8.20% (397/4,840), 3.31% (150/4,533) and 0.17% (8/4,830) respectively. Conclusions: An educational cash incentive and raffle incentive impact evaluation that addresses adolescent girls and young women who are in-education and out-of-education has the potential to reduce HIV risk in adolescent girls and young women in Eswatini.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Effectiveness of Incentives to Improve HIV Prevention Outcomes for Young Females in Eswatini: Sitakhela Likusasa Impact Evaluation Protocol and Baseline Results

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marelize Gorgens ◽  
Andrew Longosz ◽  
Sosthenes Ketende ◽  
Muziwethu Nkambule ◽  
Tengetile Dlamini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Cash Incentive ◽  
Risk Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Design Protocol ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Eswatini continues to have the highest prevalence of HIV in the world, and one of the highest HIV incidences among adult populations (aged 15-49). This analysis reports on both key elements of study design/protocol and baseline results from an impact evaluation of an intervention incentivizing (i) initiation, enrolment, attendance or completion of some form of education, and (ii) lower risk sexual behaviour. Methods: The impact evaluation employs a two by two factorial design in which participants are enrolled in either the incentive for education arm (‘education treatment arm’ providing a conditional cash incentive) or the control arm (‘education control arm’). In each of these arms, 50% of participants were randomized to also be eligible for selection – three times a year – to participate in a conditional raffle conditional on testing negative for curable STIs (syphilis and Trichomonas vaginalis). Results: Baseline recruitment and screening occurred in 2016 when a total of 6,055 individuals were screened of which 4,863 participated in the baseline survey, and 4,819 individuals were randomized into one of the study arms. The baseline prevalence of HIV, Trichomonas vaginalis, and syphilis among adolescent girls and young women 8.20% (397/4,840), 3.31% (150/4,533) and 0.17% (8/4,830) respectively. Conclusions: An educational cash incentive and raffle incentive impact evaluation that addresses adolescent girls and young women who are in-education and out-of-education has the potential to reduce HIV risk in adolescent girls and young women in Eswatini.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Effectiveness of Incentives to Improve HIV Prevention Outcomes for Young Females in Eswatini: Sitakhela Likusasa Impact Evaluation Protocol and Baseline Results

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marelize Gorgens ◽  
Andrew Longosz ◽  
Sosthenes Ketende ◽  
Muziwethu Nkambule ◽  
Tengetile Dlamini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Cash Incentive ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Design Protocol ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Eswatini continues to have the highest prevalence of HIV in the world, and one of the highest HIV incidences among adult populations (aged 15-49). This analysis reports on both key elements of study design/protocol and baseline results from an impact evaluation of an intervention incentivizing (i) initiation, enrolment, attendance or completion of some form of education, and (ii) lower risk sexual behaviour.Methods: The impact evaluation employs a two by two factorial design in which participants are enrolled in either the incentive for education arm (‘education treatment arm’ providing a conditional cash incentive) or the control arm (‘education control arm’). In each of these arms, 50% of participants were randomized to also be eligible for selection – three times a year – to participate in a conditional raffle conditional on testing negative for curable STIs (syphilis and Trichomonas vaginalis ).Results: Baseline recruitment and screening occurred in 2016 when a total of 6,055 individuals were screened of which 4,863 participated in the baseline survey, and 4,819 individuals were randomized into one of the study arms. The baseline prevalence of HIV, Trichomonas vaginalis , and syphilis among adolescent girls and young women 8.20% (397/4,840), 3.31% (150/4,533) and 0.17% (8/4,830) respectively.Conclusions: An educational cash incentive and raffle incentive impact evaluation that addresses adolescent girls and young women who are in-education and out-of-education has the potential to reduce HIV risk in adolescent girls and young women in Eswatini.Name of the registry: Pan African Clinical Trials RegistryTrial registration number: PACTR201811609257043Date of registration: May 11, 2018 ‘Retrospectively registered’URL of trial registry record: https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=4685

scholarly journals Evaluating the Effectiveness of Incentives to Improve HIV Prevention Outcomes for Young Females in Eswatini: Sitakhela Likusasa Impact Evaluation Protocol and Baseline Results

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marelize Gorgens ◽  
Andrew Longosz ◽  
Sosthenes Ketende ◽  
Muziwethu Nkambule ◽  
Tengetile Dlamini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Cash Incentive ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Risk Sexual Behaviour ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Eswatini continues to have the highest prevalence of HIV in the world, and one of the highest HIV incidences among adult populations (aged 15-49). This analysis reports on both key elements of study design/protocol and baseline results from an impact evaluation of an intervention incentivizing (i) initiation, enrolment, attendance or completion of some form of education, and (ii) lower risk sexual behaviour. Methods: The impact evaluation employs a two by two factorial design in which participants are enrolled in either the incentive for education arm (‘education treatment arm’ providing a conditional cash incentive) or the control arm (‘education control arm’). In each of these arms, 50% of participants were randomized to also be eligible for selection – three times a year – to participate in a conditional raffle conditional on testing negative for curable STIs (syphilis and Trichomonas vaginalis). Results: Baseline recruitment and screening occurred in 2016 when a total of 6,055 individuals were screened of which 4,863 participated in the baseline survey, and 4,819 individuals were randomized into one of the study arms. The baseline prevalence of HIV, Trichomonas vaginalis, and syphilis among adolescent girls and young women 8.20% (397/4,840), 3.31% (150/4,533) and 0.17% (8/4,830) respectively. Conclusions: An educational cash incentive and raffle incentive impact evaluation that addresses adolescent girls and young women who are in-education and out-of-education has the potential to reduce HIV risk in adolescent girls and young women in Eswatini.Name of the registry: Pan African Clinical Trials RegistryTrial registration number: PACTR201811609257043Date of registration: May 11, 2018 ‘Retrospectively registered’URL of trial registry record: https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=4685

scholarly journals Magazine Culture, Girlhood Communities, and Educational Reform in Late Victorian Britain*

2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (570) ◽  
pp. 1169-1195
Author(s):  
Kathryn Gleadle
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Educational Reform ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Victorian Britain ◽  
Process Understanding ◽  
Educational Career ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This article argues for the importance of restoring girls’ aspirations and self-education to narratives of Victorian educational reform. Studies typically focus upon the efforts of professionals, politicians and campaigners in plotting the pioneering changes to girls’ education in the second half of the nineteenth century. Here it is contended that the success of these developments depended upon a new generation of girls with the confidence and ambition to take advantage of the new opportunities to sit examinations and attend university. To do this, the article excavates the neglected phenomenon of the manuscript magazine. It examines how young females used well-established periodicals to advertise their own amateur magazines. Inviting readers to contribute to their ventures, they constructed independent networks of collaborative cultural endeavour. Manuscript magazines, it will be suggested, need to be understood as part of a ‘magazine culture’ widely embraced by Victorian girls. To tease out the small but subtle ways in which magazine culture could enhance the aspirations of young women, the article focuses upon the extraordinary diary archives of Eva Knatchbull-Hugessen (1861–95). The educational career of Knatchbull-Hugessen, who was an early student at Newnham College in the 1880s, exemplifies the impact which engagement in girlhood culture could engender and the significant role played by magazines, both professional and amateur, in this process. Understanding teenage responses to educational reforms requires a recalibration of our analytical lens to focus not upon grand narratives of feminist awakening but rather upon the small subjective shifts which typically underlay young females’ decisions.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Effectiveness of Incentives to Improve HIV Prevention Outcomes for Young Females in Eswatini: Sitakhela Likusasa Impact Evaluation Protocol and Baseline Results

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marelize Gorgens ◽  
Andrew Longosz ◽  
Sosthenes Ketende ◽  
Muziwethu Nkambule ◽  
Tengetile Dlamini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Cash Incentive ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Risk Sexual Behaviour ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Eswatini continues to have the highest prevalence of HIV in the world, and one of the highest HIV incidences among adult populations (aged 15-49). This analysis reports on both key elements of study design/protocol and baseline results from an impact evaluation of an intervention incentivizing (i) initiation, enrolment, attendance or completion of some form of education, and (ii) lower risk sexual behaviour. Methods: The impact evaluation employs a two by two factorial design in which participants are enrolled in either the incentive for education arm (‘education treatment arm’ providing a conditional cash incentive) or the control arm (‘education control arm’). In each of these arms, 50% of participants were randomized to also be eligible for selection – three times a year – to participate in a conditional raffle conditional on testing negative for curable STIs (syphilis and Trichomonas vaginalis). Results: Baseline recruitment and screening occurred in 2016 when a total of 6,055 individuals were screened of which 4,863 participated in the baseline survey, and 4,819 individuals were randomized into one of the study arms. The baseline prevalence of HIV, Trichomonas vaginalis, and syphilis among adolescent girls and young women 8.20% (397/4,840), 3.31% (150/4,533) and 0.17% (8/4,830) respectively. Conclusions: An educational cash incentive and raffle incentive impact evaluation that addresses adolescent girls and young women who are in-education and out-of-education has the potential to reduce HIV risk in adolescent girls and young women in Eswatini.Name of the registry: Pan African Clinical Trials RegistryTrial registration number: PACTR201811609257043Date of registration: May 11, 2018 ‘Retrospectively registered’URL of trial registry record: https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=4685

Challenges and opportunities for the affective sciences.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Fox ◽  
Regina Lapate ◽  
Alexander J. Shackman ◽  
Richard J Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Core Feature ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Improved Methods ◽  
Health And Well Being

Emotion is a core feature of the human condition, with profound consequences for health, wealth, and wellbeing. Over the past quarter-century, improved methods for manipulating and measuring different features of emotion have yielded steady advances in our scientific understanding emotional states, traits, and disorders. Yet, it is clear that most of the work remains undone. Here, we highlight key challenges facing the field of affective sciences. Addressing these challenges will provide critical opportunities not just for understanding the mind, but also for increasing the impact of the affective sciences on public health and well-being.

Breast carcinoma in young females below the age of 35 years - histopathological and prognostic significance

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-202
Author(s):  
D Ghartimagar ◽  
A Ghosh ◽  
OP Talwar ◽  
R Narasimhan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Group Grade

Background: Breast cancers rarely occur in young women but are known to have more aggressive behaviors and poorer outcome. We here compare the significance of breast carcinoma in female below the age of 35 to the age over 35 whose specimens were submitted to Manipal teaching hospital, Pokhara. Materials and Methods: All cases of mastectomy with carcinoma from January 2000 to September 2011 were included in the study. Clinical and histopathological datas of all cases were reviewed and collated. Results: A total of 148 mastectomy specimens were received, among which, 23 cases (16%) were below 35 years; whereas 125 cases (84%) were above 35 years of age. In both groups, Stage II was the commonest stage but stage III was much more common in older group (33% versus 9%) and stage I was more common in younger age group (39% versus 27%). Bloom Richardson grading showed that in the older age group, grade 1 is the commonest grade (50%) while in the younger group; grade 3 is the commonest (39%). Patients were followed for a varying period of 6 months to 5 years. Two cases (2% of followed up cases) in older group and 3 cases (15% of followed up cases) in the younger group showed recurrence. Conclusion: Breast carcinoma in the patients younger than 35 years though presented at an early stage has higher grade tumor and poorer outcome. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v2i3.6021 JPN 2012; 2(3): 198-202

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