Breast carcinoma in young females below the age of 35 years - histopathological and prognostic significance

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-202
Author(s):  
D Ghartimagar ◽  
A Ghosh ◽  
OP Talwar ◽  
R Narasimhan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Group Grade

Background: Breast cancers rarely occur in young women but are known to have more aggressive behaviors and poorer outcome. We here compare the significance of breast carcinoma in female below the age of 35 to the age over 35 whose specimens were submitted to Manipal teaching hospital, Pokhara. Materials and Methods: All cases of mastectomy with carcinoma from January 2000 to September 2011 were included in the study. Clinical and histopathological datas of all cases were reviewed and collated. Results: A total of 148 mastectomy specimens were received, among which, 23 cases (16%) were below 35 years; whereas 125 cases (84%) were above 35 years of age. In both groups, Stage II was the commonest stage but stage III was much more common in older group (33% versus 9%) and stage I was more common in younger age group (39% versus 27%). Bloom Richardson grading showed that in the older age group, grade 1 is the commonest grade (50%) while in the younger group; grade 3 is the commonest (39%). Patients were followed for a varying period of 6 months to 5 years. Two cases (2% of followed up cases) in older group and 3 cases (15% of followed up cases) in the younger group showed recurrence. Conclusion: Breast carcinoma in the patients younger than 35 years though presented at an early stage has higher grade tumor and poorer outcome. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v2i3.6021 JPN 2012; 2(3): 198-202

Impact of age on racial disparity in early stage breast cancer in the United States.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e19058-e19058
Author(s):  
Shruti Bhandari ◽  
Rohit Kumar ◽  
Phuong Ngo ◽  
Sarah Mudra ◽  
Drew Carl Drennan Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Racial Disparity ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early Stage Breast Cancer ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Younger Age

e19058 Background: Racial disparities persists in women with early stage breast cancer and is most pronounced in Black (B) compared to White (W) women even when controlled for stage and biological subtype. Little is known about the impact of age on racial disparities. Our study evaluates the magnitude of a racial disparity in mortality across age strata in a real-world population. Methods: We identified stage I-III female breast cancer patients between 2010 – 2015 from the National Cancer Database. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) for all-cause mortality were estimated using multivariable Cox Proportional Hazards regression, adjusted for clinical and demographic factors. The mortality risk for B and Other (O) race was compared to W across four age groups. To determine the significance in excess risk of mortality, the magnitude of disparity of each age group was compared to the > 60y age group. Results: A total of 679,327 patients were included. W comprised the largest percentage across all age groups. However, the percentage of W increased with age, while the percentage of B decreased with age (p < 0.001). The risk of mortality was significantly higher for B relative to W across all age groups ≤60y. When compared to > 60y, the magnitude of effect of age on risk of dying was significantly different (p < 0.0001) (Table). Conversely, the risk of mortality was significantly reduced for O race compared to W, with similar magnitude of effect across all ages. Conclusions: Even after adjusting for known risk factors of racial disparity such as insurance, biologic subtype and stage, the B to W racial disparity in mortality decreased with age (most pronounced in younger age) and appeared to diminish among women > 60 years of age. In contrast, the risk of dying in O race remained constant. Reasons are unclear and may be due to unmeasured socioecomomic or biologic factors that cannot be controlled for in this dataset. Regardless, identifying factors associated with worsened outcomes in younger age groups in B women should be the direction of future studies. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Cytokeratin 7-Negative and GATA Binding Protein 3-Negative Breast Cancers: Clinicopathological Features and Prognostic Significance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaolei Lu ◽  
Evgeny Yakirevich ◽  
Li Juan Wang ◽  
Murray B Resnick ◽  
Yihong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Molecular Subtype ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Clinicopathological Parameters ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Cytokeratin 7 ◽  
Gata3 Expression ◽  
Grade 3

Abstract Background: Cytokeratin 7 (CK7) and GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) are considered as immunohistochemical hallmarks of breast cancers; however, there are breast tumors lacking these markers. Clinicopathological characterization of CK7 negative breast cancer has not been addressed previously and similar studies on GATA3 negative tumors are limited. Methods: This study included 196 consecutive cases of Nottingham Grade 3 breast cancers with 159 cases of Grade 1 and Grade 2 tumors for comparison. CK7 and GATA3 expression was correlated with patient’s age, histological type, pathological grade and stage, hormone receptor status, molecular subtype and overall survival. Results: CK7 negativity was seen in 13% of Grade 3, 9% of Grade 2, and 2% of Grade 1 cases (P=0.0457). Similarly, 28% of Grade 3, 5% of Grade 2 and 2 % of Grade 1 cases were GATA3 negative (P<0.0001). CK7 negative tumors did not show association with other clinicopathological parameters. GATA3 negative tumors were enriched in the basal-like molecular subgroup and were associated with negative estrogen receptor (ER) and negative progesterone receptor (PR) statuses. Both CK7 and GATA3 expression showed no association with overall survival in patients with Grade 3 tumor. Conclusions: More CK7 negative and GATA3 negative tumors were seen in breast cancer of high histologic grade. GATA3 expression was associated with ER status. Lack of CK7 and GATA3 expression in Grade 3 breast cancer was not associated with patient outcome.

scholarly journals Expression of Mesothelial Marker Calretinin in Breast Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Kalathingal Kamarunisha Aboobacker ◽  
Dr. Prema Saldanha
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Invasive Carcinoma ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Immunohistochemical Expression ◽  
Node Negative ◽  
Mastectomy Specimen ◽  
Grade 3

Calretinin (CR) is a calcium binding protein of calmodulin superfamily, a widely used marker for mesothelial differentiation. It is also found to be expressed in breast carcinoma. Breast carcinoma is the leading cause of cancer death in women and despite new approaches and advances, it is still difficult to predict the behaviour of the tumour and its prognosis. So there is a need and struggle to identify new markers for prognosis of breast cancer. The study is aimed at evaluating the frequency of Calretinin expression in breast carcinoma and assessing the characteristics of Calretinin positive tumours. Thirty mastectomy specimen of invasive breast carcinoma were analysed histopathologically and for immunohistochemical expression of ER, PR, HER2/neu and Calretinin. In this study 93.33% (28 cases) were of invasive carcinoma, NST and 6.67% were of other subtypes. Patients less than 40 years of age showed low CR expression and patients over 40 showed high CR expression (p = 0.22). Grade 3 tumours showed high CR, grades 1 and 2 showed low CR expression. Lymph node positive cases showed high CR and lymph node negative cases showed low CR. Tumours less than 5cms in size show low CR expression and those over 5cms showed high CR expression (p = 0.38). Negative ER, PR and HER2/neu showed high CR expression. CR expression was high in 54.5% of basal-like subtype and 66.7% of HER2-enriched.CR expression was low in 50% of luminal cases. High Calretinin expression was seen in grade 3, HER2-enriched and basal-like subtypes of breast cancer which may be of considerable prognostic significance.

scholarly journals The Acute and Late Toxicities of MRI-Guided External Beam Partial Breast Irradiation Delivered Using a Once-Per-Day Regimen

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye In Lee ◽  
Kyubo Kim ◽  
Jin Ho Kim ◽  
Ji Hyun Chang ◽  
Kyung Hwan Shin
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation ◽  
Partial Breast Irradiation ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
External Beam ◽  
Breast Irradiation ◽  
Mri Guided ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Group Grade

Background and PurposeThe use of external beam accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) using a twice-per-day regimen has raised concerns about increase rates of late toxicities. We compared toxicity outcomes of external beam APBI using a once-per-day regimen and accelerated hypofractionated whole breast irradiation (AWBI) in patients with early-stage breast cancer.Materials and MethodsThis was a single-institution, retrospective cohort study. Patients aged ≥50 years with pTisN0 or pT1N0 breast cancer who underwent breast-conserving surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy were included. APBI was delivered at 38.5 Gy in 10 fractions once daily using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided radiotherapy only to patients who were strictly “suitable”, according to the ASTRO-APBI guidelines. AWBI was delivered at 40.5–43.2 Gy in 15 or 16 fractions with or without a boost.ResultsBetween October 2015 and December 2018, 173 and 300 patients underwent APBI and AWBI, respectively. At a median follow-up of 34.9 months (range 7.1 to 55.4 months), the 3-year recurrence-free survival rates of the APBI and AWBI groups were both 99.2% (p=0.63). Acute toxicities were less frequent in the APBI than AWBI group (grade 1: 95 [54.9%] vs. 233 [77.7%] patients; grade 2: 7 [4.0%] vs. 44 [14.7%] patients; no grade ≥3 toxicities were observed in either group, p&lt;0.001). Late toxicities were less common in the APBI than AWBI group (grade 1: 112 [64.7%] vs. 197 [65.7%] patients; grade 2: 9 [5.2%] vs. 64 [21.3%] patients; grade 3: 0 vs. 5 [1.7%] patients, p&lt;0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that APBI was significantly associated with fewer late toxicities of grade ≥2 compared with AWBI (odds ratio 4.17, p=0.006).ConclusionOnce-per-day APBI afforded excellent locoregional control and fewer toxicities compared with AWBI. This scheme could be an attractive alternative to AWBI in patients who meet the ASTRO-APBI guidelines.

scholarly journals Cytokeratin 7-Negative and GATA Binding Protein 3-Negative Breast Cancers: Clinicopathological Features and Prognostic Significance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaolei Lu ◽  
Evgeny Yakirevich ◽  
Li Juan Wang ◽  
Murray B Resnick ◽  
Yihong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Molecular Subtype ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Breast Tumors ◽  
Clinicopathological Parameters ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Cytokeratin 7 ◽  
Gata3 Expression ◽  
Grade 3

Abstract Background: Cytokeratin 7 (CK7) and GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) are considered as immunohistochemical hallmarks of breast cancers; however, there are breast tumors lacking these markers. Clinicopathological characterization of CK7 negative breast cancer has not been addressed previously and similar studies on GATA3 negative tumors are limited. Methods: This study included 196 consecutive cases of Nottingham Grade 3 breast cancers with 159 cases of Grade 1 and Grade 2 tumors for comparison. CK7 and GATA3 expression was correlated with patient’s age, histological type, pathological grade and stage, hormone receptor status, molecular subtype and overall survival. Results: CK7 negativity was seen in 13% of Grade 3, 9% of Grade 2, and 2% of Grade 1 cases (P=0.0457). Similarly, 28% of Grade 3, 5% of Grade 2 and 2 % of Grade 1 cases were GATA3 negative (P<0.0001). CK7 negative tumors did not show association with other clinicopathological parameters. GATA3 negative tumors were enriched in the basal-like molecular subgroup and were associated with negative estrogen receptor (ER) and negative progesterone receptor (PR) statuses. Both CK7 and GATA3 expression showed no association with overall survival in patients with Grade 3 tumor. Conclusions: This is the first study to characterize CK7 negative breast tumors in the context of clinicopathology. Profiling the CK7 negative and GATA3 negative breast cancers helps to understand the biology of these specific tumor subgroups and may aid in their diagnosis.

High-risk endometrial cancer in young indigent women

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 927-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ben-Arie ◽  
S. Perlman ◽  
Y. Hazan ◽  
L. A. Solomon ◽  
C. Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endometrial Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Endometrial Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Clinical Pattern ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
High Risk Cancer

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate a different prevalence and clinical pattern of high-risk endometrial cancer in an indigent population of young women.MethodsCharts of 71 consecutive patients, treated for endometrial adenocarcinoma during a 6-year period, were reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups contingent upon age – (i) those who were below 40 years and (ii) those who were over 40. Based on histological type, grade, and stage, both groups were subdivided into a low, intermediate, or high-risk cancer category.ResultsOf the 13 (18.3%) patients in the younger age group, five patients (38.4%) had high-risk endometrial cancer, compared to only eight patients (13.8%) in the older age group.ConclusionIn contradiction to previous reports, our results show that a higher proportion of young indigent women diagnosed with endometrial cancer have a high-risk cancer. Delay in diagnosis can explain only some of the discrepancies in the special clinical pattern of endometrial cancer among this population. Other possible explanations include nutritional differences, genetic susceptibility, immunological status, and high-risk behavior. More epidemiological studies are needed for complete understanding of the unfavorable outcome of endometrial cancer in these young women.

scholarly journals Prognostic Significance of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 in Breast Cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arunee Dechaphunkul ◽  
Monlika Phukaoloun ◽  
Kanet Kanjanapradit ◽  
Kathryn Graham ◽  
Sunita Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Early Recurrence ◽  
Tissue Inhibitor Of Metalloproteinase ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Tissue Inhibitor ◽  
Early Stage Disease ◽  
Rna Levels

Introduction. Despite advances in breast cancer systemic treatment, new prognostic and predictive factors are still needed. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), a physiologic inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), can act in both pro- and antitumoral effects. As role of TIMP-1 in breast cancer is controversial, we aimed to determine the prognostic significance of TIMP-1 in breast cancer.Methods. A single center-based case-control study was applied. Primary breast cancers from women with early stage disease treated with standard adjuvant therapy were analyzed by gene expression microarrays and immunohistochemistry for TIMP-1.Results. At the optimized cut-point, patients with high TIMP-1 RNA levels had a significantly shorter time to relapse, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.64 (P=0.04), but without significant differences in overall survival (HR 1.29,P=0.37). Although cytoplasmic overexpression of TIMP-1 protein was not correlated with early relapse (HR 1.0,P=0.92), there was a tendency for short overall survival in patients with high expression (HR 1.41,P=0.21).Conclusions. Our data indicate that elevated TIMP-1 RNA levels are independently prognostic for early recurrence, and there is a tendency for association of high cytoplasmic TIMP-1 protein levels with short survival in primary breast cancer.

scholarly journals Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha −308 G>A Polymorphism, Adherence to Mediterranean Diet, and Risk of Overweight/Obesity in Young Women

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Barchitta ◽  
Annalisa Quattrocchi ◽  
Veronica Adornetto ◽  
Anna Elisa Marchese ◽  
Antonella Agodi
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Poor Adherence ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Obesity Risk ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Pcr Rflp

The present study was conducted in order to (i) characterize the adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) pattern and fatty acids (FAs) intakes and (ii) explore interactions betweenTNFA−308 G>A polymorphism and adherence to MD and FAs intakes, respectively, on overweight/obesity risk. From 2010 to 2013, 380 healthy women were enrolled, and MD score (MDS) and FAs intakes were evaluated by a Food Frequencies Questionnaire in relation to nutritional status.TNFA−308 G/A polymorphism was characterized using PCR-RFLP. A total of 32.6% of women were overweight or obese. Lower mean MDS values were more observed in the younger age group than in the older age group (3.60 versus 4.45). The risk of being overweight/obese was 3.5-fold increased due to poor adherence to MD and was about twofold increased in less educated women. Furthermore, younger age was associated with poor adherence to MD. No evidence for an independent effect of the polymorphism on overweight/obesity risk was found. There was no evidence of biological interaction from the gene-diet interaction analyses. Young women, less educated and with poor adherence to MD, are a target group for the nutritional interventions that aimed to control the obesity risk, thus improving the adherence to MD and particularly the intake of unsaturated FAs.

scholarly journals Atherosclerotic changes in aorta and coronary arteries at autopsy in North Indian population

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 994
Author(s):  
Kunal Khanna ◽  
Varun Garg ◽  
Vijay Pal Khanagwal ◽  
Tarun Dagar ◽  
Pramod Kumar Paliwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Fourth Decade ◽  
The Right ◽  
Atherosclerotic Changes

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become a ubiquitous cause of morbidity and a leading contributor to mortality in most countries. It has emerged as a major health burden worldwide with atherosclerosis being the major cause.Methods: 150 random cases of different age groups brought for postmortem examination in the Department of Forensic Medicine PGIMS, Rohtak.  Heart was removed and examined after obtaining the consent of next of the kin of the deceased. Gross macroscopic changes were noted and microscopic changes examination was done and reported by preparation of slides in collaboration with Department of Pathology of the Institute.Results: The study group comprised of mostly males (70%) with mean age of 36.90±13.88 years. Almost half of them were in their third and fourth decade of life. 83 cases were found to have atherosclerosis and 25 of them belonged to the age group 40 to 49 years. 82 % of these cases were of male gender. Histopathological grading carried out displayed that Grade III lesions were maximum (27.5%) followed by grade IV lesions (19.0%) and in no section grade VIII lesions were seen.Conclusion: Atherosclerosis has emerged as a new epidemic affecting at a relatively younger age. This study would help in planning of preventive measures directed at the right population. Clinicians could take measures at an early stage to prevent the progression of the disease and will help forensic pathologists in dealing with opinion regarding cause of death.

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