Legal issues related to artificial intelligence algorithms for predicting risks in the legal field

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 371-411
Author(s):  
Jongmo Yang
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Legal Issues

Legal Issues of Artificial Intelligence and Patent

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 197-231
Author(s):  
Youngsun Cho
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Legal Issues

Computer-generated Works under the CDPA 1988

2021 ◽  
pp. 177-195
Author(s):  
Jyh-An Lee
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Copyright Protection ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Policy Perspective ◽  
Human Creativity ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Right ◽  
Joint Authorship

Copyright protection in some commonwealth jurisdictions extends to computer-generated works. Although many scholars deem the right over computer-generated works to be a neighbouring right, it is still not clear under what circumstances a work is a computer-generated work. With the increasing application of artificial intelligence (AI), the copyright controversies associated with computer-generated works have become even more complicated. This chapter focuses on policy and legal issues surrounding the output of AI and copyright protection of computer-generated work under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act (CDPA) 1988 in the UK. The CDPA approach to computer-generated work deviates from the mainstream international copyright practices, where human creativity is essential for authorship and copyright protection. From a policy perspective, it is important to explore whether this deviation can be justified. This chapter also investigates authorship issues concerning computer-generated works based on case law and its application, in particular who the person making the necessary arrangements is, and what the necessary arrangements in the AI environment are. Other issues relevant to computer-generated work, such as copyright term and joint authorship will be analysed as well.

scholarly journals Law and software analysis: A step closer to resolving investment disputes through artificial intelligence?

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-140
Author(s):  
Milena Galetin ◽  
Anica Milovanović
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
The Other ◽  
Judicial Discretion ◽  
Applicable Law ◽  
Software Analysis ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Larger Sample

Considering the possibility of using artificial intelligence in resolving legal disputes is becoming increasingly popular. The authors examine whether soft ware analysis can be applied to resolve a specific issue in investment disputes - to determine the applicable law to the substance of the dispute and highlight the application of artificial intelligence in the area of law, especially in predicting the outcome of a dispute. The starting point is a sample of 50 arbitral awards and the results of previously conducted research. It has been confirmed that soft ware analysis can be useful in decision-making processes, but not to the extent that arbitrators could exclusively rely on it. On the other hand, the development of an algorithm that would predict applicable law for different legal issues required a much larger sample. We also believe that the existence of different legal and factual circumstances in each case, as well as the personality of the arbitrator and arbitral/judicial discretion are limitations of the application of artificial intelligence in this area.

scholarly journals Rethinking the Implications of Transformative Economic Innovations: Mapping Challenges of Private Law

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-77
Author(s):  
Julija Kiršienė ◽  
Christopher Kelley ◽  
Deividas Kiršys ◽  
Juras Žymančius
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Case Analysis ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Regulatory Uncertainty ◽  
Legal Implications

Abstract This article participates in mapping existing legal implications stemming from contemporary innovation. The article relies on a case analysis of artificial intelligence, drones and blockchain, to reflect a majority of the underlying legal issues to which many emerging innovations might contribute, and it attempts to map them into different categories of challenges – liability, privacy, and property. It concludes by pinpointing three main reasons behind the identified legal implications: the growing “consciousness” and autonomy of emerging technologies, the growing availability of transformative innovations to the broad public and the development of participatory models in economy and other social spheres, including law, and the tendency for transformative innovations to function in regulatory uncertainty. As a means to cope with challenges generated by technological progress, the article leans towards a process-focused approach that promotes embedding values in the early stages of technological development.

scholarly journals The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Formation and the Development of the Law

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Sébastien Lafrance
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Legal Profession ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Predictive Tools ◽  
Ethical And Legal Issues ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper explores various impacts of artificial intelligence (“AI”) on the law, and the practice of law more specifically, for example the use of predictive tools. The author also examines some of the innovations but also limits of AI in the context of the legal profession as well as some ethical and legal issues raised by the use and evolution of AI in the legal area.

scholarly journals Autonomous Weapons Systems and Meaningful Human Control: Ethical and Legal Issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-194
Author(s):  
Daniele Amoroso ◽  
Guglielmo Tamburrini
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Shared Control ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Human Control ◽  
Autonomous Weapons ◽  
Responsibility Ascription ◽  
Ethical And Legal Issues ◽  
Weapons Systems

Abstract Purpose of Review To provide readers with a compact account of ongoing academic and diplomatic debates about autonomy in weapons systems, that is, about the moral and legal acceptability of letting a robotic system to unleash destructive force in warfare and take attendant life-or-death decisions without any human intervention. Recent Findings A précis of current debates is provided, which focuses on the requirement that all weapons systems, including autonomous ones, should remain under meaningful human control (MHC) in order to be ethically acceptable and lawfully employed. Main approaches to MHC are described and briefly analyzed, distinguishing between uniform, differentiated, and prudential policies for human control on weapons systems. Summary The review highlights the crucial role played by the robotics research community to start ethical and legal debates about autonomy in weapons systems. A concise overview is provided of the main concerns emerging in those early debates: respect of the laws of war, responsibility ascription issues, violation of the human dignity of potential victims of autonomous weapons systems, and increased risks for global stability. It is pointed out that these various concerns have been jointly taken to support the idea that all weapons systems, including autonomous ones, should remain under meaningful human control (MHC). Main approaches to MHC are described and briefly analyzed. Finally, it is emphasized that the MHC idea looms large on shared control policies to adopt in other ethically and legally sensitive application domains for robotics and artificial intelligence.

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