scholarly journals The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Formation and the Development of the Law

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Sébastien Lafrance
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Legal Profession ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Predictive Tools ◽  
Ethical And Legal Issues ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper explores various impacts of artificial intelligence (“AI”) on the law, and the practice of law more specifically, for example the use of predictive tools. The author also examines some of the innovations but also limits of AI in the context of the legal profession as well as some ethical and legal issues raised by the use and evolution of AI in the legal area.

The Impact of Emerging Technologies on the Law of Armed Conflict

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Law Of Armed Conflict ◽  
Legal Challenges ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Impact

Emerging technologies have always played an important role in armed conflict. From the crossbow to cyber capabilities, technology that could be weaponized to create an advantage over an adversary has inevitably found its way into military arsenals for use in armed conflict. The weaponization of emerging technologies, however, raises challenging legal issues with respect to the law of armed conflict. As States continue to develop and exploit new technologies, how will the law of armed conflict address the use of these technologies on the battlefield? Is existing law sufficient to regulate new technologies, such as cyber capabilities, autonomous weapons systems, and artificial intelligence? Have emerging technologies fundamentally altered the way we should understand concepts such as law-of-war precautions and the principle of distinction? How can we ensure compliance and accountability in light of technological advancement? This book explores these critical questions while highlighting the legal challenges—and opportunities—presented by the use of emerging technologies on the battlefield.

scholarly journals The patient advisor, an organizational resource as a lever for an enhanced oncology patient experience (PAROLE-onco): a longitudinal multiple case study protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Pomey ◽  
M. de Guise ◽  
M. Desforges ◽  
K. Bouchard ◽  
C. Vialaron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Clinical Oncology ◽  
Patient Experience ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Ethical And Legal Issues ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Quebec is one of the Canadian provinces with the highest rates of cancer incidence and prevalence. A study by the Rossy Cancer Network (RCN) of McGill university assessed six aspects of the patient experience among cancer patients and found that emotional support is the aspect most lacking. To improve this support, trained patient advisors (PAs) can be included as full-fledged members of the healthcare team, given that PA can rely on their knowledge with experiencing the disease and from using health and social care services to accompany cancer patients, they could help to round out the health and social care services offer in oncology. However, the feasibility of integrating PAs in clinical oncology teams has not been studied. In this multisite study, we will explore how to integrate PAs in clinical oncology teams and, under what conditions this can be successfully done. We aim to better understand effects of this PA intervention on patients, on the PAs themselves, the health and social care team, the administrators, and on the organization of services and to identify associated ethical and legal issues. Methods/design We will conduct six mixed methods longitudinal case studies. Qualitative data will be used to study the integration of the PAs into clinical oncology teams and to identify the factors that are facilitators and inhibitors of the process, the associated ethical and legal issues, and the challenges that the PAs experience. Quantitative data will be used to assess effects on patients, PAs and team members, if any, of the PA intervention. The results will be used to support oncology programs in the integration of PAs into their healthcare teams and to design a future randomized pragmatic trial to evaluate the impact of PAs as full-fledged members of clinical oncology teams on cancer patients’ experience of emotional support throughout their care trajectory. Discussion This study will be the first to integrate PAs as full-fledged members of the clinical oncology team and to assess possible clinical and organizational level effects. Given the unique role of PAs, this study will complement the body of research on peer support and patient navigation. An additional innovative aspect of this study will be consideration of the ethical and legal issues at stake and how to address them in the health care organizations.

9. Delivering legal services: practitioners, adjudicators, and legal scholars

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Partington
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Private Colleges ◽  
Legal Education ◽  
Legal Profession ◽  
Legal Services ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Legal Advice ◽  
The Law

This chapter discusses the role both of those professionally qualified to practise law—solicitors and barristers—and of other groups who provide legal/advice services but who do not have professional legal qualifications. It examines how regulation of legal services providers is changing. It notes new forms of legal practice. It also considers how use of artificial intelligence may change the ways in which legal services are delivered. It reflects on the adjudicators and other dispute resolvers who play a significant role in the working of the legal system. It reflects on the contribution to legal education made by law teachers, in universities and in private colleges, to the formation of the legal profession and to the practice of the law.

Ethical and legal issues in the care of people with dementia

2001 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Jones
Keyword(s):  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Ethical And Legal Issues ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Uk

This paper addresses some ethical and legal issues which arise in the UK in the care of people with dementia, focusing on the law in England and Wales – updating and revising the 1997 and earlier version. The ‘end of medical ethics’ continues to be debated, with an attendant fear of doctors’ responsibility and authority being fatally eroded by administrators and cost controllers, concerned only with budgets and ‘bureaucratic parsimony’.

scholarly journals Autonomous Weapons Systems and Meaningful Human Control: Ethical and Legal Issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-194
Author(s):  
Daniele Amoroso ◽  
Guglielmo Tamburrini
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Shared Control ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Human Control ◽  
Autonomous Weapons ◽  
Responsibility Ascription ◽  
Ethical And Legal Issues ◽  
Weapons Systems

Abstract Purpose of Review To provide readers with a compact account of ongoing academic and diplomatic debates about autonomy in weapons systems, that is, about the moral and legal acceptability of letting a robotic system to unleash destructive force in warfare and take attendant life-or-death decisions without any human intervention. Recent Findings A précis of current debates is provided, which focuses on the requirement that all weapons systems, including autonomous ones, should remain under meaningful human control (MHC) in order to be ethically acceptable and lawfully employed. Main approaches to MHC are described and briefly analyzed, distinguishing between uniform, differentiated, and prudential policies for human control on weapons systems. Summary The review highlights the crucial role played by the robotics research community to start ethical and legal debates about autonomy in weapons systems. A concise overview is provided of the main concerns emerging in those early debates: respect of the laws of war, responsibility ascription issues, violation of the human dignity of potential victims of autonomous weapons systems, and increased risks for global stability. It is pointed out that these various concerns have been jointly taken to support the idea that all weapons systems, including autonomous ones, should remain under meaningful human control (MHC). Main approaches to MHC are described and briefly analyzed. Finally, it is emphasized that the MHC idea looms large on shared control policies to adopt in other ethically and legally sensitive application domains for robotics and artificial intelligence.

9. Providing legal services: the legal professions

2021 ◽  
pp. 255-290
Author(s):  
Martin Partington
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Private Colleges ◽  
Legal Education ◽  
Legal Profession ◽  
Legal Services ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Legal Advice ◽  
The Law

This chapter discusses the role both of those professionally qualified to practise law—solicitors and barristers—and of other groups who provide legal/advice services but who do not have professional legal qualifications. It examines how regulation of legal services providers is changing and the objects of regulations. It notes the development of new forms of legal practice. It also considers how the use of artificial intelligence may change the ways in which legal services are delivered. The chapter reflects on the adjudicators and other dispute resolvers who play a significant role in the working of the legal system, and on the contribution to legal education made by law teachers, in universities and in private colleges, to the formation of the legal profession and to the practice of the law.

9. Delivering legal services: practitioners, adjudicators, and legal scholars

2019 ◽  
pp. 244-278
Author(s):  
Martin Partington
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Private Colleges ◽  
Legal Education ◽  
Legal Profession ◽  
Legal Services ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Legal Advice ◽  
The Law

This chapter discusses the role both of those professionally qualified to practise law—solicitors and barristers—and of other groups who provide legal/advice services but who do not have professional legal qualifications. It examines how regulation of legal services providers is changing and the objects of regulations. It notes the development of new forms of legal practice. It also considers how the use of artificial intelligence may change the ways in which legal services are delivered. The chapter reflects on the adjudicators and other dispute resolvers who play a significant role in the working of the legal system, and on the contribution to legal education made by law teachers, in universities and in private colleges, to the formation of the legal profession and to the practice of the law.

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