A Regression Model for Study of Analysis Among The Groups of States and Gender wise Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals Steady-State Pharmacokinetics of Abacavir in Plasma and Intracellular Carbovir Triphosphate following Administration of Abacavir at 600 Milligrams Once Daily and 300 Milligrams Twice Daily in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Subjects

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 1532-1538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme Moyle ◽  
Marta Boffito ◽  
Carl Fletcher ◽  
Chris Higgs ◽  
Phillip E. Hay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Virologic Suppression ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
And Gender

ABSTRACT Abacavir (ABC) is administered either at 600 mg once daily (ABC 600 mg QD) or 300 mg twice daily (ABC 300 mg BID) in anti-human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV) combination therapy. Although ABC plasma pharmacokinetics following each regimen has been well defined, no study has directly compared the regimens with respect to pharmacokinetics of ABC's active intracellular anabolite, carbovir-triphosphate (CBV-TP). In an open-label, two-period, crossover study, 34 HIV-infected male and female subjects stabilized on antiretroviral regimens containing either ABC 600 mg QD or ABC 300 mg BID received their usual doses on days −1 and 1 and then switched regimens for days 2 to 11. Serial blood samples collected on days 1 and 11 were assayed for plasma ABC and intracellular CBV-TP concentrations using validated high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using noncompartmental methods. Analysis of variance with a mixed-effect model was performed for treatment and gender comparisons. In 27 evaluable subjects, the regimens provided bioequivalent ABC daily areas under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC0-24) and comparable CBV-TP concentrations at the end of the dosing interval (C τ). As expected, ABC QD resulted in 109% higher ABC maximum concentrations of drug in plasma (C max) than did ABC BID. ABC QD also resulted in 32% higher CBV-TP AUC0-24 and 99% higher CBV-TP C max than did ABC BID. Females had a 38% higher weight-adjusted ABC AUC0-24 and 81% higher weight-adjusted CBV-TP AUC0-24 than did males. Virologic suppression was maintained during regimen switch, and no tolerability differences between regimens were observed. In conclusion, this study showed that ABC 600 mg QD and ABC 300 mg BID regimens led to similar intracellular CBV-TP C τ values, thus providing pharmacokinetic support for the interchangeability of these two regimens. Women had higher intracellular CBV-TP exposure than did men.

HIV Discrimination, Stigma, and Gender-Based Violence

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Douaihy ◽  
Neeta Shenai ◽  
Kimberly Clinebell ◽  
Mary Ann Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Hiv Stigma ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Infectious Illness ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Hiv Discrimination

Stigma, discrimination, and gender-based violence complicate and perpetuate the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic. Although remarkable strides have transformed AIDS from a rapidly fatal infectious illness to a chronic manageable illness, HIV-based stigma, discrimination, and gender-based violence, together known as AIDSism, still exist and have not been transformed in the same way as the illness itself. These barriers continue to have a negative impact on prevention and testing as well as in engagement, retention, and adherence to care. This chapter explores the role that clinicians can play in recognizing and ameliorating HIV stigma, discrimination, and gender-based violence in order to diminish both suffering and HIV transmission and lead to compassionate and competent approaches to care.

scholarly journals Factors associated with physical function capacity in an urban cohort of people living with the human immunodeficiency virus in South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronel Roos ◽  
Hellen Myezwa ◽  
Heleen Van Aswegen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Predictive Factors ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
6Mwt Distance ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender

Background: Effective disease management for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) includes the encouragement of physical activity. Physical function capacity in PLWH may be influenced by a variety of factors.Objectives: This study describes the physical function capacity as assessed with the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) of an urban cohort of PLWH and determined whether a history of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), anthropometric measures, age and gender predicted distance walked.Method: Secondary data collected from 84 PLWH on antiretroviral therapy were analysed. Information included 6MWT distance, anthropometric measurements and demographic profiles. Descriptive and inferential statistics were undertaken on the data. A regression analysis determined predictive factors for 6MWT distance achieved. Significance was set at a p-value of ≤ 0.05.Results: The study consisted of 66 (78.6%) women and 18 (21.4%) men with a mean age of 39.1 (± 9.2) years. The 6MWT distance of the cohort was 544.3 (± 64.4) m with men walking further (602.8 [± 58.6] m) than women (528.3 [± 56.4] m); however, women experienced greater effort. The majority of the sample did not report a history of PTB (n = 67; 79.8%). Age, gender and anthropometric measures were associated with 6MWT distance, but of low to moderate strength. The regression equation generated included age and gender. This model was statistically significant (p 0.00) and accounted for 34% of the total variance observed.Conclusion: Age and gender were predictive factors of physical function capacity and women experienced greater effort.Clinical implications: This study provides information on the physical function capacity of PLWH and a suggested 6MWT reference equation for PLWH in South Africa.

scholarly journals Primary Care Guidance for Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: 2020 Update by the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie A Thompson ◽  
Michael A Horberg ◽  
Allison L Agwu ◽  
Jonathan A Colasanti ◽  
Mamta K Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Gender Diverse ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Primary Care ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Advances in antiretroviral therapy (ART) have made it possible for persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to live a near expected life span, without progressing to AIDS or transmitting HIV to sexual partners or infants. There is, therefore, increasing emphasis on maintaining health throughout the life span. To receive optimal medical care and achieve desired outcomes, persons with HIV must be consistently engaged in care and able to access uninterrupted treatment, including ART. Comprehensive evidence-based HIV primary care guidance is, therefore, more important than ever. Creating a patient-centered, stigma-free care environment is essential for care engagement. Barriers to care must be decreased at the societal, health system, clinic, and individual levels. As the population ages and noncommunicable diseases arise, providing comprehensive healthcare for persons with HIV becomes increasingly complex, including management of multiple comorbidities and the associated challenges of polypharmacy, while not neglecting HIV-related health concerns. Clinicians must address issues specific to persons of childbearing potential, including care during preconception and pregnancy, and to children, adolescents, and transgender and gender-diverse individuals. This guidance from an expert panel of the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America updates previous 2013 primary care guidelines.

scholarly journals The Importance of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Research for Transgender and Gender-Nonbinary Individuals

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 1460-1466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Gianella ◽  
J Sonya Haw ◽  
Jill Blumenthal ◽  
Brooke Sullivan ◽  
Davey Smith
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Virus Research ◽  
And Gender
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