scholarly journals Regenerative capacity of bone marrow stem cells with or without superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles after facial nerve degeneration: A narrative review

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-304
Author(s):  
Noura Abd El-Latif ◽  
◽  
Mona Denewar ◽  
Rehab R. El-Zehary ◽  
Fatma M. Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cell Delivery ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Magnetic Targeting ◽  
Stem Cell Delivery

Facial palsy can be defined as a kind of paralysis affecting facial muscles. It is termed Bell’s palsy if it is unilateral. It may occur due to trauma to the facial nerve, infections as herpes zoster, neoplastic lesions, or unknown cause. It may be also associated with metabolic and systemic diseases as hypertension, toxicity, amyloidosis, alcoholism, auto-immune diseases and diabetes mellitus. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stromal cells that have many benefits as an evolving treatment modality. Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) divide progressively in culture, and differentiate into neurons exclusively with use of a simple protocol. Most ongoing preclinical and clinical cell treatment modalities composed of local or systemic transplantation of stem or progenitor cells. In addition, they depend on the migration and retention of transplanted cells at insult areas. Nevertheless, one of the main obstacles against this modality is how to detect the fate and exact location of these cells inside the body, and how to maintain the cells at this specific site. Magnetic targeting systems, which depends on cells labelled by magnetic carriers, have been assessed as a more efficient technique for stem cell delivery to target sites. These systems depend on loading stem cells with magnetic nanoparticles and attracting them to the exact intended area within the body by placing an external magnetic field. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been introduced in the last few years as a rising applicant of nanoparticles in a vast variety of medical fields as magnetic separation, drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic hyperthermia. In addition, applications of SPIONs, as a site-specific drug carrier, diagnostic agent and stem cell delivery agent, receive most attention of researchers in that field. In this review, up-to-date information about Magnetic targeting of degenerated facial nerve by BMSCs labelled with SPIONs may suggest its capacity of better regeneration than injection of BMSCs alone.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stem Cells Do Not Lose Direct Labels Including Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and DFO-89Zr Chelates through Secretion of Extracellular Vesicles

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 484
Author(s):  
Yue Gao ◽  
Anna Jablonska ◽  
Chengyan Chu ◽  
Piotr Walczak ◽  
Miroslaw Janowski
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide ◽  
Cell Labeling ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Stem Cell Delivery ◽  
Cellular Labeling

Rapidly ageing populations are beset by tissue wear and damage. Stem cell-based regenerative medicine is considered a solution. Years of research point to two important aspects: (1) the use of cellular imaging to achieve sufficient precision of therapeutic intervention, and the fact that (2) many therapeutic actions are executed through extracellular vesicles (EV), released by stem cells. Therefore, there is an urgent need to interrogate cellular labels in the context of EV release. We studied clinically applicable cellular labels: superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION), and radionuclide detectable by two main imaging modalities: MRI and PET. We have demonstrated effective stem cell labeling using both labels. Then, we obtained EVs from cell cultures and tested for the presence of cellular labels. We did not find either magnetic or radioactive labels in EVs. Therefore, we report that stem cells do not lose labels in released EVs, which indicates the reliability of stem cell magnetic and radioactive labeling, and that there is no interference of labels with EV content. In conclusion, we observed that direct cellular labeling seems to be an attractive approach to monitoring stem cell delivery, and that, importantly, labels neither locate in EVs nor affect their basic properties.

scholarly journals Multi-modal imaging probe for assessing the efficiency of stem cell delivery to orthotopic breast tumours

Nanoscale ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (31) ◽  
pp. 16570-16585 ◽  
Author(s):  
May Zaw Thin ◽  
Helen Allan ◽  
Robin Bofinger ◽  
Tomas D. Kostelec ◽  
Simon Guillaume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Delivery ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Breast Tumours ◽  
Imaging Probe ◽  
Stem Cell Delivery

Illustration of adipose-derived stem cells with tri-modal imaging capabilities for evaluating the efficiency of cell delivery to tumours.

Bone Marrow Stem Cell Delivery Methods, Routes, Time, Efficacy, and Safety

2016 ◽  
pp. 261-271
Author(s):  
Lijie Huang ◽  
Jianjing Yang ◽  
Mark Nyanzu ◽  
Felix Siaw-Debrah ◽  
Qichuan Zhuge
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Bone Marrow Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Delivery ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Stem Cell Delivery ◽  
Marrow Stem Cell

scholarly journals Magnetic Nanoparticles for Targeting and Imaging of Stem Cells in Myocardial Infarction

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle R. Santoso ◽  
Phillip C. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide ◽  
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles

Stem cell therapy has broad applications in regenerative medicine and increasingly within cardiovascular disease. Stem cells have emerged as a leading therapeutic option for many diseases and have broad applications in regenerative medicine. Injuries to the heart are often permanent due to the limited proliferation and self-healing capability of cardiomyocytes; as such, stem cell therapy has become increasingly important in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Despite extensive efforts to optimize cardiac stem cell therapy, challenges remain in the delivery and monitoring of cells injected into the myocardium. Other fields have successively used nanoscience and nanotechnology for a multitude of biomedical applications, including drug delivery, targeted imaging, hyperthermia, and tissue repair. In particular, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been widely employed for molecular and cellular imaging. In this mini-review, we focus on the application of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in targeting and monitoring of stem cells for the treatment of myocardial infarctions.

Engineered Cell Sheets for the Effective Delivery of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for Tendon-to-Bone Healing

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (13) ◽  
pp. 3347-3358
Author(s):  
Myung Jin Shin ◽  
In Kyong Shim ◽  
Dong Min Kim ◽  
Jae Hee Choi ◽  
Yu Na Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Cell Sheet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cell Delivery ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Stem Cell Delivery ◽  
Effective Delivery ◽  
Repair Group

Background: Efforts are being made to treat rotator cuff tears (RCTs) that exhibit poor healing and high retear rates. Tendon-to-bone healing using mesenchymal stem cells is being explored, but research is needed to establish effective delivery options. Purpose: To evaluate the effects of an adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) sheet on mesenchymal stem cell delivery for tendon-to-bone healing of a chronic RCT in rats and to demonstrate that ADSC sheets enhance tendon-to-bone healing. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Mesenchymal stem cells were obtained from rat adipose tissue, and a cell sheet was prepared using a temperature-responsive dish. To evaluate the efficacy of stem cells produced in a sheet for the lesion, the experiment was conducted with 3 groups: repair group, cell sheet transplantation after repair group, and cell sheet–only group. Histological, biomechanical, and micro–computed tomography (micro-CT) results were compared among the groups. Results: Hematoxylin and eosin staining for histomorphological analysis revealed that the cell sheet transplantation after repair group (5.75 ± 0.95) showed statistically significant higher scores than the repair (2.75 ± 0.50) and cell sheet–only (3.25 ± 0.50) groups ( P < .001). On safranin O staining, the cell sheet transplantation after repair group (0.51 ± 0.04 mm2) had a larger fibrocartilage area than the repair (0.31 ± 0.06 mm2) and cell sheet–only (0.32 ± 0.03 mm2) groups ( P = .001). On micro-CT, bone volume/total volume values were significantly higher in the cell sheet transplantation after repair group (23.98% ± 1.75%) than in the other groups ( P < .039); there was no significant difference in the other values. On the biomechanical test, the cell sheet transplantation after repair group (4 weeks after repair) showed significantly higher results than the other groups ( P < .005). Conclusion: Our study shows that engineered stem cells are a clinically feasible stem cell delivery tool for rotator cuff repair. Clinical Relevance: This laboratory study provides evidence that ADSCs are effective in repairing RCTs, which are common sports injuries.

Multi-modal Cell Labelling for Quantification and Optimization of Stem Cell Delivery to Orthotopic Breast Tumors

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
May Zaw Thin ◽  
Robin Bofinger ◽  
Tomas D. Kostelec ◽  
John Connell ◽  
P. Stephen Patrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Breast Tumors ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Cell Delivery ◽  
Cell Labelling ◽  
Cell Localization ◽  
Stem Cell Delivery

Stem cells have been utilized as anti-cancer agents due to their ability to home to and integrate within tumors. Methods to augment stem cell homing to tumors are being investigated with the goal of enhancing treatment efficacy. However, it is currently not possible to evaluate both cell localization and cell viability after engraftment, hindering optimization of therapy. In this study, luciferase expressing human adipocyte derived stem cells (ADSCs) were labelled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) conjugated to Indium-111 to produce cells with tri-modal imaging capabilities. ADSCs were administered intravenously (IV) or intracardially (IC) to mice bearing 4T1 orthotopic breast tumors. Cell fate was monitored serially using bioluminescence imaging (BLI) as a measure of cell viability, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for cell localization and single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) for cell quantification. BLI/MRI/SPECT imaging revealed differences in whole body cell distribution between injection routes. BLI showed the presence of viable ADSCs within tumors as early as 1-hour post IC injection compared to 3 days post IV injection. SPECT data showed the percentage of ADSCs within tumors to be 2-fold higher after IC than IV at 5-hour post injection. Whereas, MRI confirmed the localization of SPION labelled cells in tumors after IC injection but not IV. Finally, histological analysis was used to validate engraftment of ADSC within tumor tissue. These findings demonstrate that multi-modal imaging can be used to evaluate the efficiency of stem cell delivery to tumors and that IC cell administration is more effective for tumor targeting.<br>

Multi-modal Cell Labelling for Quantification and Optimization of Stem Cell Delivery to Orthotopic Breast Tumors

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
May Zaw Thin ◽  
Robin Bofinger ◽  
Tomas D. Kostelec ◽  
John Connell ◽  
P. Stephen Patrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Breast Tumors ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Cell Delivery ◽  
Cell Labelling ◽  
Cell Localization ◽  
Stem Cell Delivery

Stem cells have been utilized as anti-cancer agents due to their ability to home to and integrate within tumors. Methods to augment stem cell homing to tumors are being investigated with the goal of enhancing treatment efficacy. However, it is currently not possible to evaluate both cell localization and cell viability after engraftment, hindering optimization of therapy. In this study, luciferase expressing human adipocyte derived stem cells (ADSCs) were labelled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) conjugated to Indium-111 to produce cells with tri-modal imaging capabilities. ADSCs were administered intravenously (IV) or intracardially (IC) to mice bearing 4T1 orthotopic breast tumors. Cell fate was monitored serially using bioluminescence imaging (BLI) as a measure of cell viability, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for cell localization and single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) for cell quantification. BLI/MRI/SPECT imaging revealed differences in whole body cell distribution between injection routes. BLI showed the presence of viable ADSCs within tumors as early as 1-hour post IC injection compared to 3 days post IV injection. SPECT data showed the percentage of ADSCs within tumors to be 2-fold higher after IC than IV at 5-hour post injection. Whereas, MRI confirmed the localization of SPION labelled cells in tumors after IC injection but not IV. Finally, histological analysis was used to validate engraftment of ADSC within tumor tissue. These findings demonstrate that multi-modal imaging can be used to evaluate the efficiency of stem cell delivery to tumors and that IC cell administration is more effective for tumor targeting.<br>

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