The Potential Role of Nanoparticles as an Anticancer Therapy in the Treatment of Rectal Cancer

Nanotechnology is a rapidly developing science and is applied in a variety of diagnostic and treatment technologies. Colorectal cancer is one of the deadliest human diseases, and hence, wide research is underway regarding its preventative measures. This review demonstrated that “nano” drug delivery systems have successfully transferred pharmaceutical drug particles at the nanoscale as compared to larger particles. Research has shown a higher rate of disease progression among patients who receive conventional drugs compared to those who were given nanoscale drugs. However, the behavior of the cellular components differs from the performance of larger cellular components of the same type; these differences are due to the physical interactions between the nanoparticles (NPs). The review aimed to discuss several recent research studies focused on delivering NPs for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). The reviewed experiments have primarily compared the use of NPs alone or with the addition of an anticancer drug or nanocarriers. These three research methods may help solve past problems and propose new future approaches for colorectal cancer by utilizing the available nanotechnologies. Furthermore, the review illustrated the underlying idea behind NP carriers and stem cell delivery that can be used to create a rapid delivery system for stem cells.

Regenerative capacity of bone marrow stem cells with or without superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles after facial nerve degeneration: A narrative review

Facial palsy can be defined as a kind of paralysis affecting facial muscles. It is termed Bell’s palsy if it is unilateral. It may occur due to trauma to the facial nerve, infections as herpes zoster, neoplastic lesions, or unknown cause. It may be also associated with metabolic and systemic diseases as hypertension, toxicity, amyloidosis, alcoholism, auto-immune diseases and diabetes mellitus. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stromal cells that have many benefits as an evolving treatment modality. Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) divide progressively in culture, and differentiate into neurons exclusively with use of a simple protocol. Most ongoing preclinical and clinical cell treatment modalities composed of local or systemic transplantation of stem or progenitor cells. In addition, they depend on the migration and retention of transplanted cells at insult areas. Nevertheless, one of the main obstacles against this modality is how to detect the fate and exact location of these cells inside the body, and how to maintain the cells at this specific site. Magnetic targeting systems, which depends on cells labelled by magnetic carriers, have been assessed as a more efficient technique for stem cell delivery to target sites. These systems depend on loading stem cells with magnetic nanoparticles and attracting them to the exact intended area within the body by placing an external magnetic field. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been introduced in the last few years as a rising applicant of nanoparticles in a vast variety of medical fields as magnetic separation, drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic hyperthermia. In addition, applications of SPIONs, as a site-specific drug carrier, diagnostic agent and stem cell delivery agent, receive most attention of researchers in that field. In this review, up-to-date information about Magnetic targeting of degenerated facial nerve by BMSCs labelled with SPIONs may suggest its capacity of better regeneration than injection of BMSCs alone.

In Vitro Biological Performance of Alginate Hydrogel Capsules for Stem Cell Delivery

Encapsulation of biological components in hydrogels is a well described method for controlled drug delivery of proteins, tissue engineering and intestinal colonization with beneficial bacteria. Given the potential of tissue engineering in clinical practice, this study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of encapsulation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of mules in sodium alginate. We evaluated capsule morphology and cell viability, immunophenotype and release after encapsulation. Circular and irregular pores were observed on the hydrogel surface, in which MSCs were present and alive. Capsules demonstrated good capacity of absorption of liquid and cell viability was consistently high through the time points, indicating proper nutrient diffusion. Flow cytometry showed stability of stem cell surface markers, whereas immunohistochemistry revealed the expression of CD44 and absence of MHC-II through 7 days of culture. Stem cell encapsulation in sodium alginate hydrogel is a feasible technique that does not compromise cell viability and preserves their undifferentiated status, becoming a relevant option to further studies of tridimensional culture systems and in vivo bioactive agents delivery.

Freeze-dried bovine amniotic membrane as a cell delivery scaffold in a porcine model of radiation-induced chronic wounds

Background Locoregional stem cell delivery is very important for increasing the efficiency of cell therapy. Amnisite BA (Amnisite) is a freeze-dried amniotic membrane harvested from bovine placenta. The objective of this study was to investigate the retention of cells of the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) on Amnisite and to determine the effects of cell-loaded Amnisite in a porcine radiation-induced chronic wound model.Methods Initially, experiments were conducted to find the most suitable hydration and incubation conditions for the attachment of SVF cells extracted from pig fat to Amnisite. Before seeding, SVFs were labeled with PKH67. The SVF cell-loaded Amnisite (group S), Amnisite only (group A), and polyurethane foam (group C) were applied to treat radiation-induced chronic wounds in a porcine model. Biopsy was performed at 10, 14, and 21 days post-operation for histological analysis.Results Retaining the SVF on Amnisite required 30 minutes for hydration and 1 hour for incubation. A PKH67 fluorescence study showed that Amnisite successfully delivered the SVF to the wounds. In histological analysis, group S showed increased re-epithelialization and revascularization with decreased inflammation at 10 days post-operation.Conclusions SVFs had acceptable adherence on hydrated Amnisite, with successful cell delivery to a radiation-induced chronic wound model.