scholarly journals EEARP - an Efficient and Energy Aware Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-157
Author(s):  
Mohammad Nassiri ◽  
Mehri Karimi ◽  
Reza Mohammadi ◽  
Mehdi Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Propagation Delay ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Area Problem ◽  
Lower Depth

Recently, Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) have attracted significant attention from both academia and industry to explore the vast underwater environment. Since UWSNs suffer from long propagation delay, low bandwidth, and high error rate, providing an efficient routing protocol is challenging. This paper proposes EEARP, a series of new routing protocols for underwater networks to improve the performance of existing DBR. The DBR does not consider energy. It only receives data packets from upper depth node and forwards the packets to lower depth nodes. Moreover, this greedy behavior of DBR causes void area problem. EEARP creates a directed acyclic graph rooted at a sink. Each node receives information like depth, energy, and the number of parents from its parents. When forwarding, each node sends a data packet to one or more of its parent nodes. We implemented EEARP in NS2 simulator and evaluated its performance under different scenarios. Results confirm that EEARP outperforms DBR in terms of energy saving, network lifetime, end-to-end delay and packet loss ratio.

Secure Multi-objective hybrid routing protocol for wireless sensor network

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchi Kaushik ◽  
Vijander Singh ◽  
Rajani Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Secure Routing ◽  
Ant Colony ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Hybrid Routing ◽  
Hybrid Routing Protocol

Background: Wireless sensor networks play a significant role in network technologies. It is difficult to determine an optimal route that satisfies the requirements of wireless sensor networks. Energy-aware and trust-aware routing protocols play a critical role in the security of wireless sensor networks. In SRPMA (secure routing protocol based on multiobjective ant colony) routing protocol have very limited parameters and functions as well as ant colony algorithm is specifically finding the roots in which convergence limited Objective: This paper proposed an improved multi-objective trust-energy aware hybrid routing protocol using hybrid grey wolf genetic algorithm (I-MTERP-GWOGA) to achieve a quality of service by optimizing network security and reducing energy consumption in wireless sensor networks. Methods: Energy-aware function calculated by the radio energy dissipation model to ensure the nodes involves in the route is capable of transmitting the data packets successfully or not. The load function is directly impacting the delay of the transmission of data packets. Results: I-MTERP-GWOGA algorithm shows better simulation results than secure routing protocol based on multiobjective ant-colony (SRPMA) and improved ant colony optimization based security routing protocol (IASR) algorithms using matlab2019a. Conclusion: The proposed algorithm improves performance against malicious nodes using five network performance criteria; packet delivery ratio, packet loss rate, average energy consumption, and end to end delay.

scholarly journals An Enhanced Heterogeneous Gateway-Based Energy-Aware Multi-hop Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuseini Jibreel ◽  
Emmanuel Tuyishimire ◽  
I M Daabo
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Routing Scheme

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) continue to provide essential services for various applications such as surveillance, data gathering, and data transmission from the hazardous environments to safer destinations. This has been enhanced by the energy-efficient routing protocols that are mostly designed for such purposes. Gateway-based Energy-Aware Multi-hop Routing protocol (MGEAR) is one of the homogenous routing schemes that was recently designed to more efficiently reduce the energy consumption of distant nodes. However, it has been found that the protocol has a high energy consumption rate, lower stability period, less data transmission to the Base station (BS). In this paper, an enhanced Heterogeneous Gateway-based Energy-Aware multi-hop routing protocol ( HMGEAR) is proposed. The proposed routing scheme is based on the introduction of heterogeneous nodes in the existing scheme, selection of the head based on the residual energy, introduction of multi-hop communication strategy in all the regions of the network, and implementation of energy hole elimination technique. Results show that the proposed routing scheme outperforms two existing ones.

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