scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Determination of Trimebutine Through Ion- Pair and Charge- Transfer Complexation Reactions

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalil Shaban M.
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Bromothymol Blue ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Bromocresol Green ◽  
Bromophenol Blue ◽  
Basic Drug ◽  
Yellow Colour ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Complexation Reactions

Summary Two simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods are described for the assay of trimebutine. The first method is based on the interaction of the basic drug in 1,2 dichloroethane with bromocresol green (BCG); bromophenol blue (BPB) and bromothymol blue (BTB) in the same solvent to produce a stable yellow ion-pair complexes , which absorbed at 410,406 and 405nm, respectively. The second method is based upon the interaction of the basic drug with iodine in 1,2 dichloroethane. The yellow colour formed due to the formation of charge-transfer complex showed two maxima absorbed at 292 and 362 nm. Beer's law obeyed for both methods and the relative standard deviations were found to be less than 1 %. The two methods can be applied to the analysis of tablets, with no evidence of interference from excipients. A more detailed investigation on the complex was made to its composition, association constant and free energy change.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric determination of some pharmaceutical piperazine derivatives by charge-transfer and ion-pair complexation methods

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Issa Y.M. ◽  
Abou-Attia F.M. ◽  
Abdel-Gawad F.M. ◽  
Abdel-Hamid S.M.
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Bromocresol Green ◽  
Basic Drug ◽  
Yellow Colour ◽  
Piperazine Derivatives ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Coloured Complex ◽  
Complexation Reactions

Simple and sensitive spectropliotometric methods are described for the assay of three piperazine derivatives ketoconazole, trimetazidine hydrochloride and piribedil based on cliarge-transfer and ion-pair complexation reactions. The first method is based on the reaction of the basic drug with iodine as o-acceptor in dry 1,2-dichloroethane to form a yellow colour due to the formation of charge-transfer complex showing maximum absorbence at 363, 364 and 359 nm for ketoconazole, trimetazidine hydrochlorid and piribedil, respectively. The second method is based on the reaction of basic drug with bromocresol green (BCG) in dry 1,2- dichloroethane to form a stable yellow coloured complex with maximum absorbance at 407, 408 and 410 nm for ketoconazol, trimetazidine hydrochloride and piribedil, respectively. Beer's law was obeyed for both methods and the relative standard deviations were found to be less than 1%. The two methods can be applied for the analysis of tablets and cream, with no evidence of interference from excipients. A more detailed investigation of the complex was made with respect to its composition association constant and free energy cliange.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Determination of Certain Antidepressants in Pharmaceutical Preparations

2006 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 966-971 ◽  
Author(s):  
ArmaĞan Önal ◽  
Ş. Evrim Kepeki ◽  
S MÜge Çetin ◽  
Sidika ErtÜrk
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Bromothymol Blue ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Bromocresol Green ◽  
Bromophenol Blue ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Drug Substances

Abstract Simple and reproducible spectrophotometric methods have been developed for determination of sertraline, fluoxetine, and venlafaxine in pharmaceutical preparations. The methods are based on the reactions between the studied drug substances and ion-pair agents (bromothymol blue, bromocresol green, or bromophenol blue) to produce yellow-colored ion-pair complexes in acidic buffers. After extracting in chloroform, the ion-pair complexes are spectrophotometrically determined at the optimum wavelength. Optimizations of the reaction conditions were carried out. Beer's law was obeyed within the concentration range from 1 to 15 μg/mL. The molar absorptivity, Sandell sensitivity, and detection and quantification limits were also determined. The developed methods were applied successfully for the determination of these drugs in some available commercial preparations. The results were compared statistically with those obtained from reported high-performance liquid chromatography methods.

Spectrophotometric quantification of fluoxetine hydrochloride: Application to quality control and quality assurance processes

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa Amin ◽  
Ibrahim Ahmed ◽  
Hassan Dessouki ◽  
Hassan Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Bromothymol Blue ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Bromocresol Green ◽  
Bromophenol Blue ◽  
Bromocresol Purple ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Fluoxetine Hydrochloride ◽  
Relative Standard

AbstractSimple and rapid spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the microdetermination of fluoxetine HCl. The proposed methods are based on the formation of ion-pair complexes between fluoxetine and bromophenol blue (BPB), bromothymol blue (BTB), bromocresol green (BCG), and bromocresol purple (BCP) which can be measured at optimum λmax. Optimization of reaction conditions was investigated. Beerșs law was obeyed in the concentration ranges of 0.5–8.0 μg mL−1, whereas optimum concentration as adopted from the Ringbom plots was 0.7–7.7 μg mL−1. The molar absorptivity, Sandell sensitivity, and detection limit were also calculated. The most optimal and sensitive method was developed using BCG. The correlation coefficient was 0.9988 (n = 6) with a relative standard deviation of 1.25, for six determinations of 4.0 μg mL−1. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the determination of fluoxetine hydrochloride in its dosage forms and in biological fluids (spiked plasma sample) using the standard addition technique.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Determination of Doxazosin Mesylate in Tablets by Ion-Pair and Charge-Transfer Complexation Reactions

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeynep Aydomu ◽  
Asli Barla
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Bromophenol Blue ◽  
Bromocresol Purple ◽  
Charge Transfer Reaction ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Doxazosin Mesylate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Complexation Reactions

Abstract Two accurate, easy spectrophotometric methods for the determination of doxazosin mesylate were described. The first method was based on the formation of ion-pair complexes with the acidic sulfophthalein dyes bromocresol purple (BCP) and bromophenol blue (BPB) in pH 3.3 and 4.5 citratephosphate buffer, respectively. The formed complexes were extracted into dichloromethane, and their absorbance was measured at 403 and 410 nm for BCP and BPB, respectively. The second method was based on the charge transfer reaction of the drug as an n-electron donor with either 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) or 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) as -acceptors, to give colored radical anions. The absorbances of products were measured at 457 nm in acetonitrile and 838 nm in methanol for DDQ and TCNQ, respectively. Under the optimum reaction conditions, Beer's law was obeyed with a good correlation coefficient (r = 0.99970.9999) in the concentration ranges 3.018.0, 3.020.0, 15.095.0, and 10.0100.0 g/mL for the BCP, BPB, DDQ, and TCNQ methods, respectively. Limits of detection of the BCP, BPB, DDQ, and TCNQ methods were 0.314, 0.408, 1.935, and 1.610 g/mL, respectively. The limits of quantification were 1.045, 1.360, 6.449, and 5.367 g/mL, respectively. The parameters molar absorptivity, precision, accuracy, recovery, robustness, and stability constant were studied. The proposed methods were successfully applied for determination of the drug in tablets with good accuracy and precision. Statistical comparison of the results with those obtained by a reported method showed good agreement and indicated no significant difference in accuracy and precision.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Determination of Gemifloxacin Mesylate, Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride, and Enrofloxacin in Pharmaceutical Formulations Using Acid Dyes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman A. Gouda ◽  
Alaa S. Amin ◽  
Ragaa El-Sheikh ◽  
Amira G. Yousef
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Bromothymol Blue ◽  
Bromocresol Green ◽  
Bromophenol Blue ◽  
Bromocresol Purple ◽  
Acid Dyes ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

Simple, rapid, and extractive spectrophotometric methods were developed for the determination of some fluoroquinolones antibiotics: gemifloxacin mesylate (GMF), moxifloxacin hydrochloride (MXF), and enrofloxacin (ENF) in pure forms and pharmaceutical formulations. These methods are based on the formation of ion-pair complexes between the basic drugs and acid dyes, namely, bromocresol green (BCG), bromocresol purple (BCP), bromophenol blue (BPB), bromothymol blue (BTB), and methyl orange (MO) in acidic buffer solutions. The formed complexes were extracted with chloroform and measured at 420, 408, 416, 415, and 422 nm for BCG, BCP, BPB, BTB, and MO, respectively, for GMF; at 410, 415, 416, and 420 nm for BCP, BTB, BPB, and MO, respectively, for MXF; and at 419 and 414 nm for BCG and BTB, respectively, in case of ENF. The analytical parameters and their effects are investigated. Beer’s law was obeyed in the ranges 1.0–30, 1.0–20, and 2.0–24 μg mL−1for GMF, MXF, and ENF, respectively. The proposed methods have been applied successfully for the analysis of the studied drugs in pure forms and pharmaceutical formulations. Statistical comparison of the results with the reference methods showed excellent agreement and indicated no significant difference in accuracy and precision.

scholarly journals Use of Two Sulfonphthalein Dyes for the Sensitive and Selective Extraction-Free Spectrophotometric Assay of Albendazole in Bulk Drug and in Tablets

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagaraju Swamy ◽  
Kanakapura Basavaiah
Keyword(s):  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Bromothymol Blue ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Bromophenol Blue ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Bulk Drug ◽  
Btb Method ◽  
Benzimidazole Anthelmintic

Albendazole (ALB) is a potent benzimidazole anthelmintic used in the treatment of human intestinal helmintiasis as well as of hytatid cysts and neurocysticercosis. Two rapid, simple, sensitive, and selective spectrophotometric methods are presented for the determination of ALB in pharmaceuticals. The methods are based on the formation of dichloromethane soluble 1 : 1 ion-pair complexes (ALB : dye) formed between ALB and sulfonphthalein dyes, bromophenol blue BPB, (method A) and bromothymol blue BTB, (method B). The complexes formed were measured directly (without extraction) at 445 nm (method A) and 460 nm (method B). The experimental conditions were optimized and the systems obey Beer’s law for 1.5–21.0 and 2.0–32.0 μg mL−1 ALB for method A and method B respectively. The molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity were calculated to be  L mol−1 cm−1 and 0.0209 ng cm−2, and  L mol−1 cm−1 and 0.0350 ng cm−2 using BPB and BTB, respectively. The limits of detection and quantification were calculated to be 0.01 and 0.03, and 0.16, and 0.49 μg mL−1 using BPB and BTB, respectively. The relative standard values for intra-day and inter-day precision were less than 3%, and the accuracy was better than 3% for both methods.

scholarly journals Validated Extractive Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Domperidone in Pharmaceutical Formulations

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Jasmin Shah ◽  
M Rasul Jan ◽  
Muhammad Tariq Shah
Keyword(s):  
Acidic Medium ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Bromothymol Blue ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Bromophenol Blue ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
New Methods

Simple, precise and sensitive extractive spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of domperidone in pharmaceutical formulations. The new methods involve the formation of colored extractable ion pair complexes of the drug with bromothymol blue (BTB) and bromophenol blue (BPB) in acidic medium. The effects of various parameters like pH, reagent concentration and shaking time were studied. The extracted complexes of domperidone showed maximum absorbance at 410 nm with BTB and at 415 nm with BPB dye. The stiochiometry of the reaction between domperidone, BTB and BPB was found to be 1: 4. Domperidone was found to obey Beer’s law in the concentration ranges of 0.6-35 ?g/ml, 1-30 ?g/ml with BTB and BPB, respectively. The method has been applied successfully for the determination of domperidone in commercial tablets and suspension samples. The results obtained by the proposed methods were validated statistically and compared with the official HPLC method. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v17i1.22310 Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 17(1): 25-31, 2014

scholarly journals Validated Extractive Spectrophotometric Estimation of Tadalafil in Tablet Dosage Form

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-614
Author(s):  
J. Adlin Jino Nesalin ◽  
C. Jose Gnana Babu ◽  
G. Vijaya Kumar ◽  
T. Tamizh Mani
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Bromothymol Blue ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Routine Analysis ◽  
Bromocresol Green ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Beer’S Law ◽  
Tablet Dosage

Two simple spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the estimation of tadalafil in both pure and tablet dosage form. Methods A and B are based on the formation of ion-pair complexes of the drug with dyes such as bromothymol blue (BTB) and bromocresol green (BCG) in acidic buffer solution followed by their extraction with chloroform to form yellow colored chromogen with absorption maxima at 420 nm and 415 nm respectively. Beer’s law is valid in the concentration range of 10-50 mcg/mL for both the methods. These developed methods were validated for precision, accuracy, ruggedness and robustness. Statistical analysis proves that the methods are reproducible and selective for the routine analysis of the said drug.

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