Microorganismos asociados a la mejora de digestión y absorción de nutrientes con impacto en el peso y salud de cuyes

Agronegocios y Ganadería Sostenible ◽

10.38202/agronegocios8 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 160-185

Author(s):

Nilton Luis Murga Valderrama ◽

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Hugo Frías Torres ◽

Rainer Marco Lopez Lapa ◽

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...

Keyword(s):

Bifidobacterium Longum ◽

Fibrobacter Succinogenes ◽

Cavia Porcellus ◽

Shotgun Metagenomics ◽

Faecalibacterium Prausnitzii

En los últimos años la demanda de la carne de cuyes (Cavia porcellus) ha crecido por la alta popularidad de la cocina peruana. Asimismo, muchos criadores están buscando formas de aumentar la producción a bajo costo y con un mayor rendimiento. Recientemente, el microbioma intestinal se ha asociado con varios procesos biológicos, siendo su composición o alteración relacionado con el desarrollo de ciertas enfermedades y/o ventajas transmitidas al hospedero (individuo). A fin de identificar, comprender y descubrir el potencial metabólico de microrganismos para la mejora digestión y absorción de nutrientes se desarrolló el presente estudio. En este estudio, 21 muestras del ciego de cuyes de las tres principales líneas de crianza (Andina, Inti y Perú) criados en un mismo ambiente fueron investigados utilizando la metodología de Shotgun-Metagenomics. Luego del análisis bioinformático solo ocho muestras pasaron los criterios de calidad. El reino bacteria, fue el más representado en el análisis. Se identificaron las diferencias entre las líneas de cuyes, en base a la abundancia relativa de bacterias en cada muestra. Las especies de bacterias encontradas como Bifidobacterium longum, Fibrobacter succinogenes, y Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, están envueltas en diversos procesos metabólicos, como la digestión y absorción de nutrientes de la celulosa y sintetizar moléculas beneficiosas para la buena salud del individuo. Las bacterias identificadas podrían representar un potencial en el desarrollo y elaboración de probioticos aplicados a la mejora del bienestar salubre y de producción de carne de cuyes en el Departamento de Amazonas.

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Exploring Vertical Transmission of Bifidobacteria from Mother to Child

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.02037-15 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 81 (20) ◽

pp. 7078-7087 ◽

Cited By ~ 108

Author(s):

Christian Milani ◽

Leonardo Mancabelli ◽

Gabriele Andrea Lugli ◽

Sabrina Duranti ◽

Francesca Turroni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vertical Transmission ◽

Bifidobacterium Longum ◽

Microbial Colonization ◽

Shotgun Metagenomics ◽

Content Type ◽

Birth Canal ◽

Strain Isolation ◽

Mother And Child ◽

Metagenomics Data ◽

Microbiome Data

ABSTRACTPassage through the birth canal and consequent exposure to the mother's microbiota is considered to represent the initiating event for microbial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract of the newborn. However, a precise evaluation of such suspected vertical microbiota transmission has yet to be performed. Here, we evaluated the microbiomes of four sample sets, each consisting of a mother's fecal and milk samples and the corresponding infant's fecal sample, by means of amplicon-based profiling supported by shotgun metagenomics data for two key samples. Notably, targeted genome reconstruction from microbiome data revealed vertical transmission of aBifidobacterium brevestrain and aBifidobacterium longumsubsp.longumstrain from mother to infant, a notion confirmed by strain isolation and genome sequencing. Furthermore, PCR analyses targeting unique genes from these two strains highlighted their persistence in the infant gut at 6 months. Thus, this study demonstrates the existence of specific bifidobacterial strains that are common to mother and child and thus indicative of vertical transmission and that are maintained in the infant for at least relatively short time spans.

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Lactitol Supplementation Modulates Intestinal Microbiome in Liver Cirrhotic Patients

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.762930 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Haifeng Lu ◽

Liang Chen ◽

Xiaxia Pan ◽

Yujun Yao ◽

Hua Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bifidobacterium Longum ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Intestinal Microbiome ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Shotgun Metagenomics ◽

Pathogenic Genes ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Cirrhotic Patients ◽

Insight Into

Background: Cirrhosis is a common chronic liver disease characterized by irreversible diffuse liver damage. Intestinal microbiome dysbiosis and metabolite dysfunction contribute to the development of cirrhosis. Lactitol (4-β-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucitol) was previously reported to promote the growth of intestinal Bifidobacteria. However, the effect of lactitol on the intestinal microbiome and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids (BAs) and the interactions among these factors in cirrhotic patients pre- and post-lactitol treatment remain poorly understood.Methods: Here, using shotgun metagenomics and targeted metabolomics methods.Results: we found that health-promoting lactic acid bacteria, including Bifidobacterium longum, B.pseudocatenulatum, and Lactobacillus salivarius, were increased after lactitol intervention, and significant decrease of pathogen Klebsiella pneumonia and associated antibiotic resistant genes /virulence factors. Functionally, pathways including Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation, endotoxin biosynthesis, and horizontal transfer of pathogenic genes were decreased in cirrhotic patients after 4-week lactitol intervention compared with before treatment.Conclusion: We identified lactitol-associated metagenomic changes, and provide insight into the understanding of the roles of lactitol in modulating gut microbiome in cirrhotic patients.

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Gut Barrier Function Is Improved in Infants Colonized by Bifidobacterium Longum Subsp. Infantis EVC001 (FS04-05-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz048.fs04-05-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Giorgio Casaburi ◽

Sercan Karav ◽

Steve Frese ◽

Bethany Henrick

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiome ◽

Barrier Function ◽

Bifidobacterium Longum ◽

Epithelial Barrier ◽

Gut Barrier ◽

Shotgun Metagenomics ◽

Single Strain ◽

Colonic Mucin ◽

Gut Barrier Function ◽

Gut Epithelium

Abstract Objectives The gut epithelium is single-celled barrier that employs many different mechanisms that together provide the first line of defense to physically separate the gut epithelium from our gut microbiome. Notably, the epithelial barrier is protected by a mucin layer providing a physical barrier limiting pathogen access to the epithelial monolayer. We sought to assess how changes in the gut microbiome resulting from colonization by a single strain of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis EVC001 could alter gut barrier function. Methods Fecal samples from this trial were assessed for: (1) endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) concentration; (2) functional contributions to the gut microbiome by shotgun metagenome sequencing; and (3) fecal glycan profiles by mass spectrometry to assess gut epithelial barrier integrity via breakdown of colonic mucin glycoproteins. Results Colonization with Bifidobacterium, including B. infantis EVC001, showed a significant four-fold reduction in fecal endoxtoxin levels and reductions in fecal inflammatory markers (P < 0.05). Shotgun metagenomics identified LPS-producing Enterobacteriaceae as the most significant contributor of virulence factors in the infant gut metagenome. These bacteria (primarily E. coli and Klebsiella spp.) were also significantly correlated with both mucolytic bacteria (e.g., Bacteroides) and the signatures of mucin breakdown, as assessed by mass spectrometric quantification of colonic mucin-derived glycans. Five different colonic-mucin specific glycans (3_1_1_0, 2_1_2_0, 2_1_1_1, 2_1_1_0, and 1_1_0_1) were significantly associated with microbiome composition (P < 0.05). Overall mucin glycans were inversely correlated with Bifidobacteriaceae abundance (Spearman's rho −0.66, FDR-corrected P value 0.04). Conclusions Complex interactions between the degradation of gut barrier function (e.g., mucin), the production of pro-inflammatory endotoxins, and the risk of infection by these bacteria coming in close contact with the gut epithelium suggest that B. infantis EVC001 can play a role in reducing these combined risks for neonates. Funding Sources This work was funded by Evolve Biosystems, Inc.

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