scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NATIONAL INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND CORRUPTION: A CROSS-NATIONAL STUDY

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Stachowicz-Stanusch
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
National Study ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Corruption Perception ◽  
Cross National Study ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cross National

The main objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between the National Intellectual Capital and the Corruption Perception Index. The analysis of the relationship between the NIC and the CPI was conducted for 16 countries: Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom and was based on NIC data extracted from two sources (Carol Yeh-Yun Lin and Leif Edvinsson (2010), and the generational approach to the National Intellectual Capital measurement presented in the Report on the Intellectual Capital of Poland). Determination of the strength of the correlation between NIC and CPI represents the first step in evaluating intellectual capital as the factor which may reduce the scale of corruption. Evidence of a strong relationship between NIC and CPI confirms the author's hypothesis that a strong relationship exists, at the same time proving that further studies must be carried out to determine the direction of this relationship. Based on the results of such research (providing that NIC is confirmed to have an effect on CPI), it will then be possible to recommend new methods of preventing corruption through the development of NIC.

scholarly journals A replication of a cross-national study of the relationship between elderly suicide rates and urbanization

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajit Shah
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
National Study ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Economic Process ◽  
Process Of Urbanization ◽  
Elderly Suicide ◽  
Cross National Study ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cross National

Modernization is a social and economic process consisting of three interrelated processes of industrialization, urbanization and secularization. The process of industrialization may provide greater economic opportunities in urban areas and facilitate migration of people from rural to urban areas. This process of urbanization may lead to a weakening of ties with family, friends, local religious institutions and original place of residence. Difficulties in adjusting to the new urban environment may increase the risk of suicide and see a rise in suicide rates (Stack, 2000).

The Structure of Attitudinal Tolerance in the United States

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 562-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Study ◽  
Political Tolerance ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Cross National Study ◽  
Fundamental Values ◽  
Cross National

In recent years there has been a resurgence in interest in the cross-national study of public opinion. A significant component of this rekindling of attention has been the specific area of public support for the fundamental values of democracy. John Sullivan and his various colleagues have reported on political tolerance in the United States, Israel, New Zealand and the United Kingdom. In conjunction with a smattering of more limited cross-national studies, and newly-completed studies that are just now emerging, a wealth of comparative data is now available.

scholarly journals The relationship between elderly suicide rates and telephone use: a cross-national study

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 1191-1192
Author(s):  
Ajit Shah ◽  
Sofia Zarate-Escudero ◽  
Manjunatha Somayaji
Keyword(s):  
Social Workers ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Psychiatric Services ◽  
National Study ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Elderly Suicide ◽  
Cross National Study ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cross National

Social isolation is an important determinant of elderly suicides (Shah and De, 1998). If elderly people have telephones then social isolation can be reduced as they can contact friends and relatives and vice versa. Also, the elderly can use the telephone to seek help from telephone helplines, general practitioners, social workers, psychiatric services and friends and relatives. Additionally, general practitioners, social workers, psychiatric services and friends and relatives can contact elderly people to check on them and support them. However, a major criticism of such interventions is that those determined to kill themselves are unlikely to use a helpline. There are several studies looking at the relationship between suicide and telephone help lines. These studies showed evidence that the helpline reduced suicidality during the course of the telephone consultation or immediately afterwards and reduced the number of re-attempted suicides (De Leo et al., 1995; Mishara and Daigle, 1997; Vaiva et al., 2006; Gould et al., 2007). A study of elderly participants reported an association between lower suicide rates and availability of a telephone help and telephone check service (De Leo et al., 1995). This service provided elderly people with home assistance by allowing them to call for help and to receive weekly assessments of needs and emotional support. However, there are only a limited number of studies in this area. Therefore, a cross-national study examining the relationship between elderly suicide rates and the prevalence of societal use of telephone was undertaken.

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