fundamental values
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2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-362
Author(s):  
Michał Błachut

The idea of the moral neutrality of law is a characteristic element of liberal political and legal doctrines. This concept is also an element of constitutional principles regulating the limits of permissible legislative interference in the sphere of freedom. In such context, the bond linking it with the clearly defined axiology from which it derives is severed. The aim of this study is to consider to what extent the principle of the moral neutrality of law, being a principle affecting the activity of the legislator, retains its potential in identifying and limiting totalizing practices aimed at systematically limiting choices in the field of the concept of a good life and favouring a specific vision of the legal and political order in both spheres of human activity, individual and collective. The numerous variants of the moral neutrality of law formulated in political philosophy, and the distinctions between individual variants, in conjunction with the criticism of this concept, make it necessary to pay attention to whether this way of limiting totalizing practices is a good tool, resistant to the changing conditions. A review of critical arguments directed against the idea of neutrality leads to the conclusion that the weakening of the concept of the moral neutrality of law translates not only into its value in identifying and preventing totalizing practices, but also into weakening the protection of fundamental values, such as individual autonomy.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Andri Soemitra

There have been some studies related to the fundamental values of Islamic economics and finance. However, not many studies directly examine the relevance of the fundamental values of Islamic economics and finance to the modern contemporary economy. This study intends to examine the perception of Islamic economists on the relevance of the fundamental values of Islamic economics and finance to the contemporary economy. This research was conducted with a qualitative design by conducting a structured survey and in-depth interviews with 61 participants. Data analysis used in this research is collected from surveys and interviews from several sources and analyzed by qualitative descriptive method. The findings show that the Islamic economists perceived that the Islamic economics and finance fundamental values are relevant to contemporary modern economic conditions. The values are also considered better in overcoming economic and financial problems, thus achieving Islamic goals of public prosperity. The results also reveal the need for more vigorous efforts in promoting Islamic economics and finance fundamental values.==========================================================================================================ABSTRAK – Relevansi Fondasi Ekonomi dan Keuangan Islam dengan Ekonomi Kontemporer: Persepsi Ekonom Islam. Kajian-kajian terkait dengan nilai-nilai dasar ekonomi dan keuangan Islam telah banyak dijumpai dalam literatur. Namun, tidak banyak penelitian yang secara langsung mengkaji relevansi nilai-nilai fundamental ekonomi dan keuangan Islam dalam tataran ekonomi kontemporer. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji persepsi ekonom Islam terhadap relevansi aspek fundamental ekonomi dan keuangan Islam dalam terhadap ekonomi kontemporer. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif dimana data-data didapat dengan cara survei terstruktur dan wawancara mendalam dengan 61 peserta. Analisis data dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa para ekonom Islam menganggap bahwa nilai-nilai fundamental ekonomi dan keuangan Islam relevan dengan kondisi ekonomi kontemporer. Nilai-nilai tersebut juga dianggap lebih baik dalam mengatasi masalah ekonomi dan keuangan kontemporer, sehingga mencapai tujuan syariah untuk kesejahteraan umat. Hasil kajian juga mengungkapkan tentang pentingnya upaya yang lebih gencar dalam mempromosikan nilai-nilai fundamental ekonomi dan keuangan Islam.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
Oksep Adhayanto ◽  
Nazaki Nazaki ◽  
Nanik Rahmawati ◽  
Dewi Haryanti ◽  
Nurhasanah Suwardi ◽  
...  

This research attempts to analyze the implementation of the Pancasila ideology amid current digitalization. One of the markers of this digital era is the erosion of space and national boundaries for every citizen. Indonesia's large population can be a strength or weakness of the Pancasila ideology. For this reason, systematic steps are needed to make the values of Pancasila remain as a way of life for the Indonesian. This type of research is normative research that uses literature as a primary data source. The presentation of the data is conveyed by a qualitative descriptive method. The conclusion of this study is the need to strengthen Pancasila ideology in the digital era through efforts to reaffirm the fundamental values of Pancasila to society in general and the younger generation in particular. To ground the values of Pancasila, it is deemed necessary to involve millennial participation through digital influencer programs and the development of digital literacy based on Pancasila values and the doctrine of national values.


2021 ◽  
pp. 15-40
Author(s):  
Christopher Martin

This chapter makes the case for a philosophical reconsideration of the fundamental values and purposes of higher education. First, it shows that contemporary conceptions of higher education are built on foundational assumptions about the public and political interests that it is responsible for securing on behalf of citizens. These assumptions take the form of de facto educational interests that structure the provision of higher education. Second, the chapter shows why these foundational assumptions are likely to be misconceived or, at the very least, require a stronger justification, and also how these misconceptions have come to hold undue sway over the way in which we often reason about justice in higher education.


2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (39) ◽  
pp. 132-146
Author(s):  
Piotr Wiraszka

Each consciously existing entity has its own unique, hierarchical set of values, helping to make decisions and set directions for action. This power is a security culture, also defined as a set of universal values, attitudes and beliefs. The foundation upon which the security culture grows is the three pillars of security – the three energy streams of the security culture. The objective is to estimate the level of the entity’s security culture and present its structure. The determination of the empirical size of a security culture is made by adapting Shalom Schwartz’s value theory and his ten types of fundamental values. The values placed on the Schwartz circle model are aggregated to the appropriate energy streams of the security culture, and this move allows for empirical determination of the level of the security culture of an individual. The obtained results show the structure of energy streams and determine the empirical level of the subject’s security culture. The approach taken shows that the level of security culture is computable.


Author(s):  
Yulia Razmetaeva

The article focuses on issues of autonomy, simplification and polarization, illusions and expectations in the digital age. The analysis is based on two trends: (1) frustration and loss of illusions about fundamental values ​such as human rights, justice and the rule of law; (2) immersion in artificial, illusory worlds that create a misperception of reality in private and public spheres of life (this is especially evident in the digital space). The article highlights how both trends are associated with deep injustice and blatant «non-law», as well as almost invisible attacks on justice and the disappearance of law. It is established that the uncertainty and unpredictability of the consequences of many actions in the digital environment, as well as the use of digital tools are rather subtle attacks on autonomy and justice. At the same time, autonomy is threatened by direct and indirect influence of various actors, which leads to simplification of perception, polarization of thoughts, radicalization of views and actions of individuals and groups. The degree of freedom that individuals have today could be difficult to determine or they would have a misconception about how free they are in their actions, thoughts, and choices. Falsely secure illusory worlds, digital identity, information asymmetry, significant imbalance between the interests of the main beneficiaries of digital technologies and their consumers – all this undermines the human capacity for free judgment and free choice and strengthens disbelief in law, including its key elements, especially, human rights.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Awiszus ◽  
Agostino Capponi ◽  
Stefan Weber

Diversification vs. Diversity – How is the Efficiency of Markets Affected? Prices aggregate information that is dispersed in the economy; they thereby facilitate the allocation of scarce resources. Inefficiencies may arise from deviations of market prices from their fundamental values. In “Market Efficient Portfolios in a Systemic Economy”, Awiszus, Capponi, and Weber investigate the impact of the trade-off between diversity and diversification on inefficiencies in secondary markets due to asset illiquidity and leverage constraints of financial institutions. The authors identify two key determining factors. These are the systemic significance of the banks and the statistical properties of the fundamental asset shocks. Systemic significance is driven by the banks’ target leverage, their trading strategies, and the illiquidity characteristics of the assets. The paper demonstrates that portfolio diversification is typically not efficient. In fact, efficient portfolio holdings may strongly deviate from this standard paradigm, especially if the banks have similar characteristics.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (91) ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Aleksandrs Baikovs

The paper deals with the category of "values", the Rights as a value, and fundamental values of law; including freedom, justice, and equality have been analyzed.The relevance of the research is determined not only by the apparent lack of exploration of the problem but also by the fact that the value of rights and legal values determine direction and meaning, as well as the content of the rules of law, which is their normative expression, and, ultimately, appearing as a kind of basis for the legal culture, the source of the formation of the legal consciousness and establishing legal order, ensuring the efficiency of legal regulation due to the using the embodiment in reality of freedom, justice, equality.Legal norms themselves acquire the importance of values and become the subject of evaluation. Among values themselves, which act as an ideal justification of law rules, the law rules themselves and assessments, on the one hand, there are not only close ties but also mutual transitions. Therefore, both their interrelated explanations and differentiation are necessary.


wisdom ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-73
Author(s):  
Aleksandra DORSKAIA ◽  
Andrei DORSKII

The study is devoted to the formation of the motto of the French Revolution – Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité. The hypotheses as to its emergence are considered, notably the invention of the triad by J.Locke, F.Fénelon, French enlighteners and Masons. Based on the analysis of the texts pertaining to the alleged authors of the motto, it is concluded that its spread was taking place only during the Revolution. The meaning of liberty, equality and fraternity is seen as an expression of the fundamental values of the Modern Age; the interdependence of these concepts is demonstrated.


Author(s):  
Ingmar Leijen ◽  
Hester van Herk

Preference for professional vs. non-professional or informal healthcare for non-acute medical situations influences healthcare use and varies strongly across countries. Important individual and country-level drivers of these preferences may be human values (the fundamental values that individuals hold and guide their behavior) and country-level characteristics such as social tightness (societal pressure for “acceptable” behavior). The aim of this study was to examine the relation of these individual and country-level characteristics with healthcare preferences. We examined European Social Survey data from 23,312 individuals in 16 European countries, using a multi-level, random effect approach, including individual and country-level factors. Healthcare preferences were explained by both human values (i.e., Schwartz values) and societal tightness (i.e., tightness-looseness scores by Gelfand). Stronger conservation increased, whereas self-transcendence and openness to change decreased preference for professional healthcare. In socially tight countries, we found a higher preference for professional healthcare. Furthermore, we found interactions between social tightness and human values. These results suggest that professional healthcare preference is related to both people’s values and societal tightness. This improved understanding is useful for both predicting and channeling healthcare seeking behavior across and within nations.


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