scholarly journals Evaluation of a current vehicle load model using weigh-in-motion records: a case in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-204
Author(s):  
Zigang Xu ◽  
Qiang Han ◽  
Junfeng Jia ◽  
Zilan Zhong ◽  
Chao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Live Load ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Load Model ◽  
Vehicle Load ◽  
Weigh In Motion ◽  
National Highway ◽  
Load Effects ◽  
Existing Bridges

In order to assess the vehicle load carrying capacity of existing bridges on the national highway G103 in Beijing, the vehicle load model for the practical traffic flow conditions needs to be determined. Based on the traffic axle load data measured by the weigh-in-motion system and the methods proposed by General Code for Design of Highway Bridges and Culverts (JTG D60-2004) and Code for Design of Highway Reinforced Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Bridges and Culverts (JTG D62-2004), the vehicle load parameters under practical traffic flow conditions are investigated. A typical 6-axle vehicle model with a 2-1-3 axial pattern is proposed by using the statistical analysis of total weight, axial weight, etc. The live load effects of Daliushu No. 2 Bridge, one highway bridge on the national highway G103, are analyzed using the proposed model and compared to the vehicle load model given in the Chinese code. The results show that there are great differences in the vehicle load parameters and the live load effects from the proposed vehicle load model increased by 20–50% compared with the model given by the code. The overweight vehicles are potential threats to the safety of existing bridges.

Reliability Assessment of Steel Bridges for Specialized Hauling Vehicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (12) ◽  
pp. 391-403
Author(s):  
Peng Lou ◽  
Dongjian Gao ◽  
Hani Nassif ◽  
Mula Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Safety Margin ◽  
Steel Bridges ◽  
Live Load ◽  
Load Rating ◽  
Truck Traffic ◽  
Reliability Indices ◽  
Weigh In Motion ◽  
Load Factors ◽  
Load Effects ◽  
Existing Bridges

Specialized hauling vehicles (SHVs) are short heavy trucks within the legal weight limits but induce higher load effects than routine commercial loads. The Manual for Bridge Evaluation (MBE) adopted a series of single-unit trucks (SUs) to represent this type of vehicle. However, the SUs were introduced without rigorous reliability-based analysis due to the lack of data on SHVs. With the availability of vast amounts of data on weigh-in-motion (WIM) truck weights and configurations, the reliability of steel bridges under the SHVs should be evaluated in a more robust and quantitative manner. Through the utilization of WIM data, the authors quantified the SHVs in terms of percentages of SHVs among all truck traffic, daily average counts of SHVs, and number of axles. The gross vehicle weights (GVWs) and typical configurations of SHVs were investigated. In addition, their load effects were determined and normalized by the corresponding SUs. The maximum live loads corresponding to a return period of 5 years were also extrapolated using normal probability paper (NPP). To evaluate the effectiveness of current load-rating procedures for SHVs, the authors investigated the relationship between the load-rating factors and the corresponding reliability indices for existing bridges using the developed live load parameters based on the WIM data. Results indicated that the current live load factors were not able to provide a uniform and appropriate reliability index at different average daily truck traffic (ADTT) scenarios. This paper thus proposes new live load factors and weight adjustments of SU trucks to provide an adequate and uniform safety margin for the evaluation of steel bridges.

scholarly journals Development of Brazilian highway live load model for unlimited fatigue life

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anselmo Leal Carneiro ◽  
Enson de Lima Portela ◽  
Túlio Nogueira Bittencourt
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Live Load ◽  
Box Girders ◽  
Load Effect ◽  
Load Model ◽  
Weigh In Motion ◽  
Bias Factor ◽  
Live Load Model

Abstract This work studies the fatigue live load model used in Brazil for highway bridges. Using the unlimited fatigue life approach, the current live load model is evaluated in relation to the actual traffic and a new fatigue live load model is proposed. Weigh-in-motion (WIM) stations data on two important Brazilian highways are used. The main structural analysis performed in this paper consider the bridges as box girders or multiple girders. The ratio between real traffic and the live load model load effect (bias factor) are determined for single and continuous spans in terms of bending moment and shear force. It is found that the bias factor of the current live load can vary a lot and may not ensure unlimited fatigue life. The proposed model, on the other hand, presents more uniform bias factors and is in accordance with the unlimited fatigue life approach for the WIM data.

Probabilistic assessment of live load effects on continuous span bridges with regular and irregular configurations and its design implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-417
Author(s):  
A.D. García-Soto ◽  
A. Hernández-Martínez ◽  
J.G. Valdés-Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Probabilistic Assessment ◽  
Live Load ◽  
Load Model ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Load Models ◽  
Weigh In Motion ◽  
Single Vehicle ◽  
Load Effects ◽  
Extreme Distribution ◽  
Live Load Model

Studies on live load effects reported in recent literature are based on simple span bridges or on a limited number of continuous span bridges and regular configurations. In this study, an extensive probabilistic assessment of live load effects on continuous bridges is carried out for regular and irregular span configurations using weigh-in-motion data. Single vehicle passage is considered, and live load effects are compared with those from a live load model developed for simple spans from the same database. Truck models from Canada are also used for comparison purposes. Discussion of the fitting of extreme distribution is included, and an optimization scheme for the fitting is proposed. The most important finding of the study is that the use of live load models developed from simple spans or a limited number of continuous spans may not be suitable for designing continuous bridges, especially those with irregular configurations and short spans.

Study on Fatigue Traffic Loading for Highway Bridges in China

2010 ◽  
Vol 452-453 ◽  
pp. 805-808
Author(s):  
F. Yue ◽  
X.S. Ren ◽  
M. Chen ◽  
Y.Y. Miao ◽  
M.Y. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Fatigue Load ◽  
Traffic Loading ◽  
Load Model ◽  
Weigh In Motion ◽  
Spring Festival ◽  
Time Histories ◽  
Existing Bridges ◽  
Model Strain

This paper is focused on developing fatigue-load model for highway bridges based on the measurements data of WIM (Weigh-in-Motion) in China. In this paper, based on the analysis of vehicle flow data collected from six toll stations on Jing-Fu Highway which is one of the busiest highways in China, spring festival index and month index of vehicle flow are obtained. The finite element models are established, and the vehicle flows are modelled by using Monte Carlo method as dynamic load applied on the nodes of the models. This paper presents a fatigue truck model for Jing-Fu Highway bridges, which may also be used for other highway bridges in China. In order to validate the model, strain time histories were obtained through field strain measurements for 3 existing bridges on this highway. In addition, comparison among the model introduced in this paper and the models in foreign codes as well as the models developed by other researchers is presented.

Modeling maximum live load effects on highway bridges

2008 ◽  
pp. 335-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bala Sivakumar ◽  
Fred Moses ◽  
Michel Ghosn
Keyword(s):  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Live Load ◽  
Load Effects

scholarly journals Vehicle-Assisted Techniques for Health Monitoring of Bridges

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 3460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoofar Shokravi ◽  
Hooman Shokravi ◽  
Norhisham Bakhary ◽  
Mahshid Heidarrezaei ◽  
Seyed Saeid Rahimian Koloor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Conventional Vehicle ◽  
Weigh In Motion ◽  
Moving Vehicles ◽  
Existing Bridges ◽  
Future Work

Bridges are designed to withstand different types of loads, including dead, live, environmental, and occasional loads during their service period. Moving vehicles are the main source of the applied live load on bridges. The applied load to highway bridges depends on several traffic parameters such as weight of vehicles, axle load, configuration of axles, position of vehicles on the bridge, number of vehicles, direction, and vehicle’s speed. The estimation of traffic loadings on bridges are generally notional and, consequently, can be excessively conservative. Hence, accurate prediction of the in-service performance of a bridge structure is very desirable and great savings can be achieved through the accurate assessment of the applied traffic load in existing bridges. In this paper, a review is conducted on conventional vehicle-based health monitoring methods used for bridges. Vision-based, weigh in motion (WIM), bridge weigh in motion (BWIM), drive-by and vehicle bridge interaction (VBI)-based models are the methods that are generally used in the structural health monitoring (SHM) of bridges. The performance of vehicle-assisted methods is studied and suggestions for future work in this area are addressed, including alleviating the downsides of each approach to disentangle the complexities, and adopting intelligent and autonomous vehicle-assisted methods for health monitoring of bridges.

scholarly journals Live load model for highway bridges

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 53-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej S. Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Live Load ◽  
Load Model ◽  
Live Load Model
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