scholarly journals RESEARCH AND ASSESSMENT OF FOREST SOIL PROPERTIES IN SOUTH-EASTERN LITHUANIA / PIETRYČIŲ LIETUVOS MIŠKO DIRVOŽEMIO SAVYBIŲ TYRIMAI IR VERTINIMAS

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
Dovilė Vaitkutė ◽  
Pranas Baltrėnas
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Chemical Research ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Made In

Along with chemical research on the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) growing in the South – Eastern part of Lithuania, the analysis of soil properties was given close attention. The analysed forest soil samples were collected in the spring and summer seasons of 2011. Before sampling, a grid of the area covering 10×10 km including all biggest forest areas of the territory was made. In total, 42 composite forest soil samples were examined. The conducted analysis measured soil moisture, pH and the content of total organic carbon. The assessment of these parameters and performed statistical analysis has disclosed that the content of total organic carbon positively and significantly correlates with pH and the content of soil moisture. Additionally, it has been determined that the content of total organic carbon tends to increase when pH of soil is close to neutral and a total value of soil moisture does not reach 0,61%. Santrauka Tiriant Pietryčių Lietuvos paprastosiose pušyse (Pinus sylvestris L.) susikaupusių metalų kiekius, daug dėmesio buvo skiriama dirvožemio savybių analizei. Straipsnyje aptariami miško dirvožemio ėminiai, imti 2011 m. pavasarį ir vasarą. Prieš atliekant lauko tyrimus buvo sudarytas 10 ×10 km dydžio ėminių ėmimo tinklelis, apimantis didžiausius Pietryčių Lietuvos miškų masyvus. Iš viso ištirti 42 sudėtiniai miško dirvožemio ėminiai. Buvo nustatomas dirvožemio drėgnis, pH ir bendrosios organinės anglies kiekis. Įvertinus šiuos parametrus ir atlikus statistinę analizę nustatyta, kad dirvožemio bendrosios organinės anglies kiekis priklauso nuo dirvožemio pH ir drėgnio. Taip pat įvertinus organinės anglies kiekio priklausomybę nuo abiejų minėtųjų parametrų, pastebėta tendencija, kad bendrosios organinės anglies kiekis gali siekti net 30–50 mg/kg (vidutinė koncentracija Pietryčių Lietuvoje yra 6–10 mg/kg), dirvožemio pH vertė – 6–8, o dirvožemio drėgnis mažesnis nei 0,6 %.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation of Copper and Nickel Contaminated Soil Using Eleusine indica on Soil Properties

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
G. I. Ameh ◽  
E. J. Onuh
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Eleusine Indica

The effects of Eleusine indica phytoremediation on the soil properties of Copper and Nickel contaminated soil samples were investigated using standard techniques. Soil sample and seeds of E. inidca were collected from a farmland in Obe, Nkanu West L.G.A of Enugu State. 0%, 1%, 2% and 3% potted treatments of Copper and Nickel contaminated soil were made for three samples (initial sample, sample without plant and sample with plant). The plant showed BAF and TF greater than 1. The Soil samples after the plant was harvested were subjected to soil analysis tests (Metal determination, pH, Soil moisture content, total organic carbon, and cation exchange capacity). The results from the study revealed that soil samples with plant showed a lower pH level within the range of 6.50 to 7.80 and higher percentage moisture content for both Cu and Ni contaminated soil samples, of which 1% treatment showed the highest percentage moisture of 0.679% for Cu contamination and 3.16% for Ni contamination. Heavy metal contamination of soil reduces its total organic carbon and increases its cation exchange capacity. Eleusine indica is a hyperaccumulator, its root stores more heavy metals and thus suitable for phytoremediation.

Combined effects of site preparation, soil properties, and sowing date on the establishment of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies from seeds

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 931-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle de Chantal ◽  
Kari Leinonen ◽  
Hannu Ilvesniemi ◽  
Carl Johan Westman
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Winter Mortality ◽  
Frost Heaving

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of site preparation on soil properties and, in turn, the emergence, mortality, and establishment of Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) and Picea abies (L.) Karst. (Norway spruce) seedlings sown in spring and summer along a slope with variation in soil texture and moisture. Three site preparation treatments of varying intensities were studied: exposed C horizon, mound (broken L–F–H–Ae–B horizons piled over undisturbed ground), and exposed Ae–B horizons. Seedling emergence was higher in the moist growing season than in the dry one. During a dry growing season, mounds and exposed C horizon had negative effects on soil moisture that increased mortality. Moreover, frost heaving was an important cause of winter mortality on mounds and exposed C horizon, whereas frost heaving was low on exposed Ae–B horizons, even though soil moisture and the content of fine soil particles (<0.06 mm) were high. Frost heaving mortality was higher for summer-sown than for spring-sown seedlings and for P. abies than for P. sylvestris. Growing season mortality was high following a winter with frost heaving, suggesting that roots were damaged, thereby making seedlings more susceptible to desiccation.

Storage and stability of biochar-derived carbon and total organic carbon in relation to minerals in an acid forest soil of the Spanish Atlantic area

2017 ◽  
Vol 587-588 ◽  
pp. 204-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oihane Fernández-Ugalde ◽  
Nahia Gartzia-Bengoetxea ◽  
Javier Arostegi ◽  
Lur Moragues ◽  
Ander Arias-González
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Acid Forest Soil ◽  
Spanish Atlantic ◽  
Atlantic Area

scholarly journals Transformation of organic carbon in alluvial soils under different land uses

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvyra Šlepetienė ◽  
Kazimiež Duchovski ◽  
Jonas Volungevičius
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Alluvial Deposits

The aim of this study – to evaluate the status of organic carbon (OC) under different land uses of soils formed in alluvial deposits. The soil samples were collected from 0–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm depths in three field replicates.Three land uses were investigated: arable land, grassland and forest. The experimental site is situated near Surviliškis, Kėdainiai District (55°26′08.37′′N, 24°02′27.75′′Y) in Central Lowland of Lithuania. A total of 27 soil samples, collected from 0–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm depths in three field replicates, were analysed for OC. The samples were prepared for analysis by removing plant residues, grinding and sieving through a 0.25 mm sieve. For all land uses, the highest content of OC was found in the upper 0–10 cm soil layer of the soil, with the highest values found in the forest land use. Fast-growing deciduous trees are an effective means to increase the content of OC in alluvial soil, especially in the 0–10 cm layer. The distribution of OC in the soil layers depended on the land use. Grassland and forest land uses allow OC to be preserved throughout the 0–30 cm layer, with less OC differentiation than in arable land. This could be attributed to the specificities of organic matter accumulation and degradation in different land uses. Not only the amount of labile organic carbon (similar to total organic carbon) was highest (0.392 g kg–1) in forest soil in the 0–10 cm layer, it also had a higher relative share in the total organic carbon (2.9%) than in other land uses – arable land and grassland (2.3–2.4%).

Dynamics of selected chemical and microbiological properties changes in soils after application of ultra-fine powdered calcium carbonate – incubation studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Woźnica ◽  
Michał Gąsiorek ◽  
Justyna Sokołowska ◽  
Agnieszka Józefowska ◽  
Tomasz Zaleski
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Biomass Carbon

&lt;p&gt;Soil acidification is a serious problem on a global scale, about 30% of land surface is occupied by acidic soils (pH&amp;#8804; 5.5). Recent research indicates, that more than 50% of arable soils in Poland have too low pH. Acid soils are characterised the ability to mobilize toxic metals and increased plant uptake as well as decreased microbial activity in the soil. Progressive acidification leads to degradation of soils and caused that they are marginal for agricultural production. Soil acidification is a naturally occurring process, but only when natural factors are supported by intensive human activity, especially by nitrogen fertilisers application, intensive degradation is observed. Traditionally method to increase soil pH is the application of lime materials e.g. calcite, burnt lime or dolomite. The liming efficiency depends on lime material type (primarily chemical form of calcium compounds), the neutralising value, lime application method, soil properties and the particle size distribution of lime. The aim of this research was to determine the rate of action and influence of ultra-fine powdered calcium carbonate on selected chemical and microbiological soil properties.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The incubation studies were conducted on the three soils (G1, G2 &amp;#8211; silt loam and G3 &amp;#8211; sandy loam). Soil samples were taken from the 0-20 cm layer. Soil properties were measured after 7, 14, 30, 60 and 120 days of incubation. The liming factor was ultra-fine powdered calcium carbonate with particle size distribution &lt; 0.08 mm. The application dose was calculated for 0.5 soil hydrolytic acidity. In the soil samples pH&lt;sub&gt;KCl&lt;/sub&gt;, buffer capacity, microbial biomass carbon and dissolved organic carbon content were measured.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Application of lime caused an increase of pH value in all studied soils. The highest increase of the pH&lt;sub&gt;KCl &lt;/sub&gt;was noted between 0 to 7&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; day of incubation. Afterward, the pH&lt;sub&gt;KCl &lt;/sub&gt;decreased slowly for the soil G1 and G2. However, in the soil G3 significantly decreased just after 7&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; to 14&lt;sup&gt;th &lt;/sup&gt;day, and afterward, the pH&lt;sub&gt;KCl&lt;/sub&gt; decreased slowly to the end of the incubation period. As a result of liming long-term changes in soil buffer capacity were not noted. The studied soils were characterised by the higher buffer capacity in alkaline than in acidic range. The microbial biomass carbon content was varied during the incubation in all studied soils. The dissolved organic carbon content increased during the incubation, starting from the 7&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; to the 120&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; day of incubation for G2 and G3 soils and from 14&lt;sup&gt;th &lt;/sup&gt;to last day of incubation for G1 soil. Application of lime caused an increase of the dissolved organic carbon content in all studied soils. These studies show that application of ultra-fine powdered calcium carbonate is an effective and fast way to improve soil properties.&lt;/p&gt;

Cross Comparison of Techniques for the Monitoring of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) in Water Sources and Supplies

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 457-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. MacCraith ◽  
K. T V. Grattan ◽  
D. Connolly ◽  
R. Briggs ◽  
W. J. O. Boyle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Emission Measurement ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Fluorescence Excitation ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Optical Fluorescence ◽  
Comparison Of Techniques ◽  
Made In

A comparison of UV (254nm) absorption spectrometry, optical fluorescence (excitation at 340nm, emission measurement at 420nm) and established chemical methods for estimating Total Organic Carbon (TOC) in water samples obtained from a variety of sources has been made. In addition, a proprietary UV in-line absorption monitor commonly used in industry is assessed relative to these measurements. The work has shown a strong correlation between Total Organic Carbon (TOC) measurements and both UV absorption and fluorescence measurements. These measurements indicate the feasibility of both approaches in the design of new field based instruments for TOC determination using optoelectronic devices.

Mechanical site preparation impacts on soil properties and vegetation communities in the Northwest Territories

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1381-1392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D Bock ◽  
Ken CJ Van Rees
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Northwest Territories ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Understory Vegetation ◽  
Mechanical Site Preparation ◽  
Exchangeable Calcium

Greater utilization of hardwood species and societal concerns over maintenance of ecological integrity have provided impetus for forest managers to consider alternative silvicultural practices in boreal mixedwood forests. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of five mechanical site preparation (MSP) treatments on soil properties and understory vegetation of mixedwood stands in the Northwest Territories (NWT). Soil and understory vegetation conditions in treatments (3 years post-MSP treatment) and adjacent uncut forest controls were sampled. Significant Shearblade – Grizz R-ex and Shearblade treatment soil property effects were consistently found. Increases in bulk density (307%) and decreases for total organic carbon (92%); total nitrogen (86%); cation exchange capacity (74%); and exchangeable calcium (72%), magnesium (67%), and potassium (75%) in the soil surface (0–12.8 cm) were observed. Increases in mineral soil pH (1.0 units), total organic carbon (94%), cation exchange capacity (20%), and exchangeable calcium (35%) and magnesium (56%) were also found. Dissimilarity of the understory community with that of the uncut forest increased as follows: uncut forest < harvested only < Meri–Crusher = Grizz R-ex < Shearblade – Meri-Crusher < Shearblade – Grizz R-ex < Shearblade. This research suggests that winter shearblading should be utilized only where it is necessary to achieve specific management objectives.

scholarly journals Effects of Rice mill wastes on Soil properties in a Rice-producing State of South-eastern Nigeria

2018 ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
Ifejimalu A.C.
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Natural Resources Management ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Hilly Terrain ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Rice Milling ◽  
Lower Slope

A research was conducted in 2015 and 2016 in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, South-eastern Nigeria, to determine the effects of heavy dumping of rice mill wastes on soil properties. Samples were collected from soils in Abakaliki rice mill industry. Auger and core samples were collected from Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources Management, FARM (control) and at Abakaliki rice milling industry in hilly terrain at three sites namely: crest (S1), mid-slope (S 2) and lower slope (S3). The result showed that respective soil bulk den- sity for S1, S2 and S3 were 1.14 gcm-3, 1.44 gcm-3 and 1.31 gcm-3 in 2015 and 1.58 gcm-3, 1.61 gcm-3 and 1.50 gcm-3 in 2016 against control (1.64 gcm-3 and 1.66 gcm-3) for the two years. Soil organic carbon was higher in Crest (30.30 gkg-1) compared to control (5.10 gkg ), mid-slope (17.0 gkg -1) and lower slope (22.20 gkg-1) in 2015. In 2016, soil organic carbon was higher in S1 (30.50 gkg-1) compared to control (5.10 gkg-1), S2 (18.30 gkg-1) and S3 (25.20 gkg-1). The results indicate that the soil properties studied were higher in rice mill dumpsite except for BD than control. Different sampling point in most cases did not vary among themselves. It is recommended that rice mill wastes should be used in farms as soil amendment and generation of farm energy.

scholarly journals Potential Production of CH4 And N2O in Soil Profiles from Organic and Conventional Rice Fields

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Arif Anshori ◽  
Bambang Hendro Sunarminto ◽  
Eko Haryono ◽  
Mujiyo Mujiyo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Potential Production

The horizons in soil profile will determine the magnitude of greenhouse gas production due to the difference of total organic carbon and other chemical properties. This study aimed to determine the potential production of methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) in each horizon of soil profile from organic and conventional rice fields. Soil samples which were taken from Imogiri Bantul D.I. Yogyakarta were used to determine soil properties, the potential of CH<sub>4</sub>, and N<sub>2</sub>O productions. The correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the production of CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O with soil properties. The results showed that production of CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O will be decreased with the increase of soil depth. Production of CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O was higher in organic rice field than in conventional rice field. The total organic carbon (TOC) correlated positively with CH<sub>4</sub>-production (<em>r=0</em><em>.89, P&lt;0.001, n=8</em>) and N<sub>2</sub>O-production (<em>r=0</em><em>.87, P&lt;0.001, n=8</em>). The nitrogen content also correlated positively with CH<sub>4</sub>-production (<em>r=0</em><em>.87, P&lt;0.001, n=8</em>) and N<sub>2</sub>O-production (r=0.94, P&lt;0.001, n=8). Mitigation of CH<sub>4</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>O emissions should consider of C and N in the soil.

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