Combined effects of site preparation, soil properties, and sowing date on the establishment of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies from seeds

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 931-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle de Chantal ◽  
Kari Leinonen ◽  
Hannu Ilvesniemi ◽  
Carl Johan Westman
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Winter Mortality ◽  
Frost Heaving

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of site preparation on soil properties and, in turn, the emergence, mortality, and establishment of Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) and Picea abies (L.) Karst. (Norway spruce) seedlings sown in spring and summer along a slope with variation in soil texture and moisture. Three site preparation treatments of varying intensities were studied: exposed C horizon, mound (broken L–F–H–Ae–B horizons piled over undisturbed ground), and exposed Ae–B horizons. Seedling emergence was higher in the moist growing season than in the dry one. During a dry growing season, mounds and exposed C horizon had negative effects on soil moisture that increased mortality. Moreover, frost heaving was an important cause of winter mortality on mounds and exposed C horizon, whereas frost heaving was low on exposed Ae–B horizons, even though soil moisture and the content of fine soil particles (<0.06 mm) were high. Frost heaving mortality was higher for summer-sown than for spring-sown seedlings and for P. abies than for P. sylvestris. Growing season mortality was high following a winter with frost heaving, suggesting that roots were damaged, thereby making seedlings more susceptible to desiccation.

Relationships Between Tree and Soil Properties in Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris Forests in Sweden

Ecosystems ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Ladanai ◽  
Göran I. Ågren ◽  
Bengt A. Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Soil Properties

scholarly journals Changes in Some Soil Properties and Available P Under Phosphorus Integrated management of Sunflower Plant (Helianthus annuus L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 337-351
Author(s):  
Mohammed J. Mustafa ◽  
Mohammed A. Abdulkareem
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Available P

Field experiment was conducted in Mohajaran region, Abu-Al-Khaseeb district, Basrah province during the growing season 2018. The study was aimed to evaluate the effect of integration of chemical fertilizer (triple superphosphate) with manure (cattle residue) and/ or biofertilizer (Aspergillus niger) on some soil properties and phosphorus availability to sunflower during growing season. Samples were collected at seedling, vegetative growth, flowering and post-harvest stage. pH, EC, moisture content and available P were determined. Results showed that application of chemical fertilizer significantly affected soil pH, EC, and available P, but showed no effect on soil moisture content. Soil pH decreased and EC increased at seedling stage, while EC was decreased at harvest. Available P values were increased at all growing stages. Incorporation of manure at rate of 30 Mg ha-1 considerably decreased the soil pH and increased EC at seedling stage, soil moisture, and available P at all growing stages.. Inoculation the seeds with A. niger showed no significant effect on  soil pH, EC, and soil moisture but significantly increased available P, at vegetative growth and flowing stages . Results  showed that the effect of biofertilizer on available P was in bar with the application of manure at rate of 15 Mg ha-1 .Highest  value of available P was associated with combination of 120 Kg P ha-1 + 30 Mg ha-1 + inoculation with fungus.

scholarly journals Influence of meteorological factors on the formation of radial growth of trees in coniferous stands of the Leningrad region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.В. Чудаков ◽  
Д.А. Данилов ◽  
Д.А. Зайцев
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Spruce Wood ◽  
The Impact

Проведено исследование влияния климатических факторов на показатели прироста древостоев сосны (Pinus sylvestris) и ели (Picea abies) естественного происхождения, не затронутых рубками. Объекты исследования – древостои с разной долей участия этих пород в однородных условиях произрастания на почвах с двучленными отложениями. Длительность анализируемого периода составила 54 года, на текущий момент древостои являются спелыми. Была изучена связь прироста со средней температурой воздуха за вегетационный период и суммой осадков за вегетационный период. Анализ связей климата с параметрами древесины хвойных проводили на основе поиска статистически значимых ранговых коэффициентов корреляции между древесно-кольцевыми хронологиями и климатическими факторами в насаждениях с разной долей участия сосны и ели. Вычислялся коэффициент ранговой корреляции Спирмена как количественная оценка связи между исследуемыми явлениями. Ранговый корреляционный анализ позволил на статистически значимом уровне оценить вклад средних температур и суммы осадков по месяцам в формирование макроструктурных элементов древесины сосны и ели. Прослеживается большая метеозависимость элементов годичного прироста древесины ели, чем сосны, в данных условиях. Для соснового элемента смешанных хвойных древостоев наибольшая взаимосвязь с температурными показателями наблюдается в июле–сентябре, тогда как для ели выявлена ярко выраженная зависимость с этим фактором в мае для всех древостоев с ее участием. Проведенное исследование показало, что в зависимости от доли участия ели и сосны образование структурных элементов ксилемы годичного прироста имеет разную степень по силе вязи со средними температурами и суммой осадков по месяцам вегетационного периода. A study was carried out on the impact of climatic factors on the increment rates of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands of natural origin, not affected by forestry impact. Tree stands with different participation of these species in similar growth conditions on binary deposits soils were reviewed. The duration of the analyzed period was 54 years, at the present time stands are mature. The connection between the growth and average air temperature during the growing season and the amount of precipitation during the growing season was studied. The analysis of climate relationships with coniferous wood parameters was carried out on the basis of searching statistically significant rank coefficients of correlation between wood-ring chronologies and climate factors in stands with different participation shares of pine and spruce. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was calculated as a quantitative evaluation of the connection between the observed effects. Rank correlation analysis allowed to estimate at statistically significant level the contribution of average temperatures and the sum of monthly precipitation on the formation of macrostructural elements of pine and spruce wood. There is a higher meteorological dependence on the increment rate of spruce wood than pine wood in the given conditions. For the pine element of mixed coniferous trees the greatest correlation of increment with temperature indices is observed in July-September months, while for the spruce a marked dependence with this factor was revealed in May month for all stands with spruce participation. The study showed that depending on the share of conifers, the formation of structural elements of the xylem has a different strength of the relationship with average temperatures and the amount of precipitation in the months of the growing season.

scholarly journals Preliminary study on phloemogenesis in Norway spruce: influence of age and selected environmental factors

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 226-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Vichrová ◽  
H. Vavrčík ◽  
V. Gryc ◽  
L. Menšík
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Old Trees

The process of phloem formation in Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) was analysed during the growing season 2009 in R&aacute;jec-Němčice locality (Czech Republic). The research series consisted of research plots with 34 and 105 years old spruce monocultures. The formation of phloem cells was determined by the examination of small increment cores taken once a week. Cross-sections of tissues were studied under a light microscope. Cambium activation was observed on 9 April both in young and old trees. On the same date the first newly formed cells of early phloem were observed in old trees but in young trees one week later. Although the time of early phloem formation was 14 days longer in old trees, there were no large differences in the numbers of formed cells. The beginning of the longitudinal axial parenchyma formation was determined in young trees on May 14. In old trees this activity was seen a week later. The influence of air temperature and soil moisture was also analysed in relation to phloemogenesis.

Predicting germination capacity of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies seeds using temperature data from weather stations

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1530-1535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curt Almqvist ◽  
Urban Bergsten ◽  
Lennart Bondesson ◽  
Urban Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Mature Seed ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Weather Stations

In Fennoscandia, both Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) often fail to produce mature seed, especially in the northern parts of their range. Therefore, cone and seed crop predictions are of major strategic importance for maintaining sustainable multipurpose forestry. We present functions for predicting germination capacity of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies seed over a wide geographic area. The functions are based on germination analyses for 1297 Pinus sylvestris and 597 Picea abies natural stands in Sweden during 1971-1994. Meteorological data from 71 weather stations were used to calculate heat sums with threshold values from 4 to 10°C and two durations of growing season (ending August 31 or September 30). Logistic regression was utilised for parameter estimates. Accumulated heat sum (threshold 5°C) from start of growing season until August 31 in combination with number of days from estimated time of fertilisation until approximate time for embryo growth cessation gave the best function. The function shows that Picea abies has lower temperature requirements for producing mature seed than Pinus sylvestris. A germination capacity of 95% is reached at a heat sum of 875 degree-days for Picea abies and at 975 degree-days for Pinus sylvestris.

scholarly journals RESEARCH AND ASSESSMENT OF FOREST SOIL PROPERTIES IN SOUTH-EASTERN LITHUANIA / PIETRYČIŲ LIETUVOS MIŠKO DIRVOŽEMIO SAVYBIŲ TYRIMAI IR VERTINIMAS

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
Dovilė Vaitkutė ◽  
Pranas Baltrėnas
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Chemical Research ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Made In

Along with chemical research on the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) growing in the South – Eastern part of Lithuania, the analysis of soil properties was given close attention. The analysed forest soil samples were collected in the spring and summer seasons of 2011. Before sampling, a grid of the area covering 10×10 km including all biggest forest areas of the territory was made. In total, 42 composite forest soil samples were examined. The conducted analysis measured soil moisture, pH and the content of total organic carbon. The assessment of these parameters and performed statistical analysis has disclosed that the content of total organic carbon positively and significantly correlates with pH and the content of soil moisture. Additionally, it has been determined that the content of total organic carbon tends to increase when pH of soil is close to neutral and a total value of soil moisture does not reach 0,61%. Santrauka Tiriant Pietryčių Lietuvos paprastosiose pušyse (Pinus sylvestris L.) susikaupusių metalų kiekius, daug dėmesio buvo skiriama dirvožemio savybių analizei. Straipsnyje aptariami miško dirvožemio ėminiai, imti 2011 m. pavasarį ir vasarą. Prieš atliekant lauko tyrimus buvo sudarytas 10 ×10 km dydžio ėminių ėmimo tinklelis, apimantis didžiausius Pietryčių Lietuvos miškų masyvus. Iš viso ištirti 42 sudėtiniai miško dirvožemio ėminiai. Buvo nustatomas dirvožemio drėgnis, pH ir bendrosios organinės anglies kiekis. Įvertinus šiuos parametrus ir atlikus statistinę analizę nustatyta, kad dirvožemio bendrosios organinės anglies kiekis priklauso nuo dirvožemio pH ir drėgnio. Taip pat įvertinus organinės anglies kiekio priklausomybę nuo abiejų minėtųjų parametrų, pastebėta tendencija, kad bendrosios organinės anglies kiekis gali siekti net 30–50 mg/kg (vidutinė koncentracija Pietryčių Lietuvoje yra 6–10 mg/kg), dirvožemio pH vertė – 6–8, o dirvožemio drėgnis mažesnis nei 0,6 %.

How do soil properties affect alpine treelines? General principles in a global perspective and novel findings from Rolwaling Himal, Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Müller ◽  
Udo Schickhoff ◽  
Thomas Scholten ◽  
Simon Drollinger ◽  
Jürgen Böhner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Treeline Shift

Little is known about how soil properties control tree growth at its upper limit. This paper reviews the state of knowledge and discusses the results specifically related to ecozones, to the scale-dependent importance of single factors, and to new findings from a near-natural treeline ecotone in Rolwaling Himal, Nepal. This paper identifies gaps in literature and shows where new research is needed, both conceptual and geographical. The review shows that at a global scale and throughout diverse ecozones, growing season soil temperature is considered a key factor for tree growth. Soil temperatures differ greatly at a local scale, and are mainly determined by local climatic, edaphic, and topographic conditions. Our result of 7.6 ± 0.6°C for growing season mean soil temperature at treeline in Rolwaling is 1.2 K higher compared to the postulated 6.4 ± 0.7°C for alpine treelines. We suggest a broadening of the ±0.7°C error term to cover the wide range at a local scale. The role of major soil nutrients and soil moisture for treeline shift has been underestimated by far. In Rolwaling, significantly decreasing nutrient availability (N, K, Mg) in soils and foliage with elevation might explain why treeline shift and global warming are decoupled. Further, soil moisture deficits early in the year impede seedling and sapling establishment, which could be an important mechanism that controls treeline position. These findings question previous results which argue that alpine treelines are unaffected by soil nutrient availability and soil moisture. We assume that specific combinations of soil properties as well as single soil properties limit tree growth even below climatic treelines.

Emergence Pattern of Five Weeds in the Central Great Plains

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 744-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Anderson ◽  
D. C. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Crop Canopy ◽  
Emergence Pattern ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
No Till ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Wheat Stubble

Seedling emergence was characterized for five weeds that infest summer annual crops in the central Great Plains as affected by crop canopy or tillage. The study was established in winter wheat stubble between 1987 and 1990, with seedling emergence recorded weekly between April 1 and November 1. Kochia emerged primarily from early April to late June, whereas green foxtail, wild-proso millet, and redroot pigweed began emerging in late May and continued until August. Volunteer wheat emerged throughout the growing season. Tillage did not affect the emergence pattern of any species, but the numbers of kochia, volunteer wheat, and green foxtail seedlings were increased in no-till. Conversely, wild-proso millet emergence was greater with tillage. Only volunteer wheat's emergence was affected by crop canopy, as fall emergence of volunteer wheat was more than three times greater in corn than in proso millet.

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