Psychological Classification of Adult Male Inmates in Federal Prison in Indiana, 1986-1988

Abstract Abstract. The recent divergence of Orchard (Icterus spurius spurius) and Fuertes's Orioles (I. s. fuertesi) makes them an ideal system for investigating species boundaries. Orchard and Fuertes's Orioles differ in several respects. They have distinct breeding ranges—Fuertes's Orioles breed in eastern coastal Mexico, whereas Orchard Orioles breed throughout eastern and central North America—and differ in plumage coloration, with adult male Orchard Orioles appearing “chestnut” and Fuertes's Orioles “ochre.” However, no detailed quantitative color analyses have been conducted. To characterize these differences we quantitatively measured plumage color using reflectance spectrometry. The colored plumages of adult male Orchard and Fuertes's Orioles have unique spectral characteristics, with no color overlap between them. Combined with life history differences and previous molecular studies, these findings support the classification of Orchard and Fuertes's Orioles as separate species. Additionally, this study demonstrates the utility of quantitative color measurement as a tool for examining species boundaries.

Download Full-text

Predictors of Prior Incarceration and Alcohol Use Among Soon-to-Be-Released Adult Male Inmates

Journal of Correctional Health Care ◽

10.1177/1078345806287709 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 4-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Torrance T. Stephens ◽

Ronald Braithwaite ◽

Nancy E. Sprauve ◽

TemiTuoyo Reeves Louis

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Adult Male ◽

Male Inmates

Download Full-text

Use of protective barriers and unprotected sex among adult male prison inmates prior to incarceration

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1258/0956462053420112 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 224-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Ronald Braithwaite ◽

Torrance Stephens

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Adult Male ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Unprotected Sex ◽

Unprotected Sexual Intercourse ◽

Cocaine Use ◽

Protective Barrier ◽

Response Formats ◽

Standard Response ◽

Male Inmates

Research documents the challenges associated with preventing HIV/AIDS among prison inmate populations. This paper describes the predictors of protective barrier use and unprotected sexual intercourse among a sample of adult male inmates. Descriptive and scale information was collected on several variables using standard response formats. All major substance use constructs (marijuana, cocaine, and alcohol use) were assessed in terms of consumption prior to incarceration. T-tests were employed to evaluate the level of marijuana, cocaine, and alcohol use in general, as well as with particular respect to sexual situations. Linear regression analysis was conducted to determine whether the use of the substances, length of incarceration, and other demographic variables were associated with the frequency of reporting use of a protective barrier. The findings note that total years in prison, and marijuana and cocaine use were associated with inmates' risk behaviours. Marijuana and cocaine use were statistically significant predictors of risky sex behaviours.

Download Full-text

Type of Offense and Level of Moral Development Among Adult Male Inmates

Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling ◽

10.1002/j.2161-1874.1991.tb00076.x ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 2-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

BOBBY J. PRIEST ◽

S. THOMAS KORDINAK ◽

TIMOTHY F. WYNKOOP

Keyword(s):

Moral Development ◽

Adult Male ◽

Male Inmates

Download Full-text

The Effects of Vitamin-Mineral Supplements on Serious Rule Violations in Correctional Facilities for Young Adult Male Inmates: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Crime & Delinquency ◽

10.1177/0011128721989073 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 001112872198907

Author(s):

Stephen Schoenthaler ◽

David Gast ◽

Erik J. Giltay ◽

Stephen Amos

Keyword(s):

Young Adult ◽

Adult Male ◽

Dose Group ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Double Blind ◽

Mineral Supplements ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Young Adult Male ◽

Male Inmates

We investigated whether vitamin-mineral supplementation could reduce serious rule violations. In this randomized, controlled, double-blind trial, young adult male inmates were included. For 15 weeks, they received a daily dose with vitamin-mineral supplements of approximately 100% Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) ( n = 149), or a higher-dose formula ( n = 150), or placebo ( n = 150). Serious rule violations were the primary outcome. In the lower-dose group there were 39% fewer rule violations than in the placebo group (relative risk = .61; 95% confidence interval [ CI]:.41–.90, p = .01). In the higher-dose group the difference did not reach statistical significance. About 100% RDA, but not higher doses supplements, resulted in less serious rule violations than placebo.

Download Full-text

Classification for Female Inmates: Moving Forward

Crime & Delinquency ◽

10.1177/0011128700046001001 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 3-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Kathryn Ann Farr

Keyword(s):

Classification System ◽

Female Offenders ◽

Incarcerated Women ◽

Security Level ◽

Female Inmates ◽

Federal Prisons ◽

Male Inmates ◽

Current Systems

Most state and federal prisons use a single risk-focused classification system to assign female and male inmates to an appropriate security level. Evidence indicates that women pose very little risk to institutional or community security, and that many factors that predict risk in men are invalid predictors of risk in women. Current systems have led to excessive use of overrides in the classification of female inmates. Findings regarding the needs of female offenders for adjustment to prison and for reintegration into the community are clear and consistent. It is recommended that a greater focus be placed on needs-based classification for incarcerated women.

Download Full-text

The Flight from the Land? Rural Migration in South-East Shropshire in the Late Nineteenth Century

Rural History ◽

10.1017/s0956793306001865 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 167-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

GWYNETH NAIR ◽

DAVID POYNER

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

Social Status ◽

Adult Male ◽

Late Nineteenth Century ◽

Rural Migrants ◽

Rural Market ◽

Rural Environments ◽

Late Nineteenth ◽

Agricultural Labourers

Using the 1881 census, we have tracked 1172 individuals who left their birthplaces in the villages of Billingsley, Chelmarsh, Highley and Kinlet in south-east Shropshire. This has allowed us to investigate the destinations and motivations for rural migrants in the second half of the nineteenth century. Half the migrants (fifty-two per cent) remained in rural environments; a further eighteen per cent moved to rural market towns. Thus only thirty per cent of the sample moved to truly urban destinations. Furthermore fifty per cent of the adult male migrants remained as agricultural labourers or in closely related occupations; even in the urban cohort twenty-one per cent followed agricultural-related occupations. Using the Armstrong classification of social status, it was not possible to measure any significant increase in status following rural to urban movement. Thus most rural migrants in this sample did not move to urban locations; instead rural to rural movement, making use of traditional skills, was apparently perceived as the most beneficial strategy.

Download Full-text

A REVISION OF THE NEARCTIC SPECIES OF ORTHOCLADIUS (ORTHOCLADIUS) VAN DER WULP (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE)

Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada ◽

10.4039/entm109102fv ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 109 (S102) ◽

pp. 1-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Annelle R. Soponis

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

North America ◽

Adult Male ◽

Type Species ◽

New Records ◽

Incertae Sedis ◽

Nomina Dubia

AbstractThe classification of the Nearctic species of the subgenus Orthocladius (Orthocladius) van der Wulp is revised; keys to species for males, females, pupae, and larvae are given; 65 characters in the adult male are taxonomically evaluated; and keys to and diagnoses of the species of the subgenera of Orthocladius for males, females, pupae, and larvae are given. Twenty-nine names of O. (Orthocladius) are recognized as valid. Redescriptions of 17 previously-known species and descriptions of 11 new species are presented. The new species are: O. appersoni, O. charensis, O. clarkei, O. cooki, O. hazenensis, O. hellenthali, O. knuthi, O. oliveri, O. robacki, O. subletti, and O. tryoni. Orthocladius paradorenus (Roback) is considered as a synonym of O. obumbratus Johannsen, and O. currani Sublette is considered as a synonym of O. dorenus (Roback); O. nanseni Kieffer and O. sordens Johannsen are considered as nomina dubia; O. bifasciatus Malloch and O. clepsydrus Coquillett are incertae sedis. Lectotypes are designated for Chironomus decoratus Holmgren, O. dentifer Brundin, O. excavatus Brundin, O. lapponicus Goetghebuer, O. obumbratus Johannsen, and O. trigonolabis Edwards. Orthocladius dentifer Brundin, O. excavatus Brundin, and O. smolandicus Brundin are new records from North America. Orthocladius glacialis Kieffer probably does not occur in North America. Orthocladius oblidens (Walker) is accepted as the type-species of the genus Orthocladius.

Download Full-text