Relationship Between Vitamin D Supplementation and Improvement in Body for Carcinogenesis: A Literature Review

Vitamins are probably the best-selling dietary supplements in the United States, in which an estimated 35% of the population take multivitamin and mineral supplements. Data relating microconstituents to carcinogenesis are extremely limited, as explained in the first report. A striking feature of many of the compounds in the three groups mentioned above is their capacity to prevent or retard the occurrence of neoplasia. However, there is a paucity of data concerning the conditions under which inhibition occurs, the mechanisms of inhibition, and the precise impact of these microconstituents on humans. A literature review was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed and Google Scholar using the index terms "carcinogenesis" and "cancer" and "vitamin D" All types of studies were included for this study, such as randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, literature reviews, and pilot studies published between 2010 and 2021. Articles which not written in English were excluded from the study. This search resulted in 10 papers. Many of the mechanisms proposed for vitamin D and cancer prevention have been studied only in the context of one tissue or one type of cancer and so further studies must be conducted to determine if these mechanisms can be generalized. For example, while higher serum (25(OH)D3) is associated with reduced cancer risk, and CYP27B1 is expressed in non-renal cells, there is no evidence that the low-level expression of CYP27B1 in tissues leads to meaningful local production of 1a,25(OH)2D3 or calcitriol, and that this mediates the protection from cancer provided by high vitamin D status. In conclusion, we suggest that vitamin D compounds to be employed in the treatment of, alone or in combination with other anticancer agents. solar UV-B radiation, acting through the production of vitamin D, is a risk reduction factor for over a dozen forms of cancer.

Consumer Awareness and Perception on Mineral and Vitamin Supplements to Boost Immunity Against COVID-19

COVID-19 have been widespread all over the world. Mineral supplementation and Vitamin intake may help to reduce the severity of the common cold. This study determines the Knowledge, Attitude, And Practices of Consumers About Mineral and Vitamin Supplementation to boost immune system for COVID-19. 178 Participants who lived in the NCR Bubble particularly Metro Manila, Laguna, Cavite, Rizal, and Bulacan., 18-years old and above were chosen by convenience sampling. To get the appropriate data needed, the researchers divided the questionnaire into 4 parts such as Demographics, Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices using likert scale. Descriptive analysis of frequencies and percentages for demographic characteristics, KAP assessment and likewert interpretation was applied. The respondents' knowledge, attitude, and practices toward micronutrient supplementation were evaluated. Results showed that the respondents have a very good understanding, belief, and practice of mineral supplementation and vitamin intake to boost the immune system. Before the pandemic, 178 respondents did not take mineral supplements; nevertheless, 58 respondents (32.58 percent) took vitamins, and 117 respondents (65.73%) took both mineral and multivitamin supplements. On the other hand, 61 (34.27%) respondents took vitamins, while 120 (67.42%) respondents took both mineral and vitamin supplements during the pandemic. In addition, the intake of these supplements increased during pandemic. Self-willingness (28.65%) was the most common response to factors linked with mineral and vitamin consumption prior to the pandemic, whereas doctor's prescription was the most common response during the pandemic (44.94%). The level of micronutrient supplementation practiced by the respondents was also applied because they knew and believed that it could reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection.

STUDY OF DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS, CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS, DIAGNOSIS, MANAGEMENT AND COMPLICATIONS IN COVID-19 PATIENTS

Objective: To study the demographic analysis, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and management in covid-19 patients. To assess the complications in covid-19 patients. Methods: A retrospective observational single centered study is carried out to study the demographic analysis, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, management, and complications in covid-19 patients. Results: Among 100 covid-19 patients 58% were male and 42% were female. Percentages of age group between 60-70 years (27%), 50-60 (20%), 40-50 (16%), 70-80 (16%), 30-40 (8%), 20-30 (5%), 80-90 (4%), and 10-20 (4%). Co-morbidities were diabetes (44%), hypertension (28%), CAD (21%), thyroid (19%), COPD (12%), anemia (8%), and renal impairment (4%). Signs and symptoms were fever (88%), cough (80%), SOB (72%), fatigue (68%), myalgia (60%), loss of appetite (52%), cold (24%), loss of smell and taste (20%), diarrhea and vomiting (12%). (97%) of the patients had two or more symptoms. Diagnostic test include RT-PCR (100%), HRCT (100%), O2 saturation (99%), D-dimer (65%), c-reactive (60%), Procalcitonin (60%), and also LDH, IL-6,PT, INR, ferritin, CBP, WBC. Treatment includes antiviral (100%), antibiotics (100%), corticosteroids (73%), immunosuppressant (54%), and antihypertensive, antidiabetic, Antiplatelets, bronchodilators, vitamins, and mineral supplements. Conclusion: Covid-19 infects the males more and average ages of 65 years are at risk. Hypertension and diabetes were most common co-morbid condition. Fever and cough are major followed by weakness sob and cold. RT- PCR and HRCT are accurate tool to detect covid-19. Although standard treatment is not yet available antibiotics and antiviral are used followed by corticosteroids. Majority of the patients have mild and moderate injection and with the lowest death rate. Older age and co-morbid conditions are major risk factors.

The effect of vitamin and mineral supplements on infection of pigs with porcine transmissible gastroenteritis

The article describes studies to study the effect of vitamin and mineral supplements (VMS) on the survival of piglets with porcine transmissible gastroenteritis (TGS). The studies were carried out on animals of different age groups on the basis of pig breeding complexes with 2- and 3-phase systems of keeping, in farms disadvantaged by TGS. Studies have shown that in case of TGS, the abolition of VMS in the rearing groups can contribute to both a decrease and an increase in piglet mortality. There is a direct dependence of their death on the number of viruses in the external environment. A significant decrease in the mortality of piglets after stopping the intake of vitamins in comparison with control animals, in which VMS was not canceled, was proved. Shown is the effect of VMS on the survival rate of the livestock, depending on the system of keeping animals. With a 2-phase system of keeping, when the virus is constantly circulating in the room, the abolition of VMS provides a decrease in the mortality of piglets, and with a 3-phase systemof keeping, where the virus is periodically destroyed during the sanitization of premises before the next settlement, the abolition of VMS contributes small increase in piglet death. These data indicate a positive effect of the use of vitamins in the absence of the pathogen, and in the presence of it, the use of vitamins, on the contrary, enhances the development of the disease, which is fully consistent with studies on the reproduction of the virus in cell culture, when the addition of VMS to the growth medium stimulated the reproduction of the virus.

Assessment of Food Supplement Consumption in Polish Population of Adults

Introduction: In recent years, there has been a great interest in food supplements. However the use of food supplements can be associated with the risk of excessive intake of vitamins or minerals which may have adverse health effects.Objective: Assessment of food supplement consumption in the adult population in Poland.Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 1,831 adults (913 men, 918 women) from which 178 (59 men, 119 women) food supplement users were selected. The consumption of food supplements were assessed by the 24-h recall repeated two times and the food propensity questionnaire (FPQ).Results: 10% of the subjects consumed food supplements during the 12 months prior to the study (6% of men, 13% of women) and among users 68% (79% of men and 88% of women) in the day before the survey. Most respondents (44%) used vitamin supplements during the year. More men than women (27 vs. 11%, p = 0.0059) used mineral supplements while more women than men used vitamin and mineral supplements (31 vs. 8%, p = 0.0008). The most frequently supplemented vitamins were: B6 (58%), C (53%), and D (47%) and minerals were: magnesium (43%), zinc (34%), and iron (29%). More women than men supplemented vitamin B6 (71 vs. 40%, p = 0.0012), vitamin D (54 vs. 36%, p = 0.0061) and magnesium (49 vs. 34%, p = 0.0075). Intake of riboflavin, pantothenic acid and manganese were higher in the group of men (respectively: 3.3 mg ± 6.0 vs. 1.4 mg ± 0.3, p = 0.0329; 9.4 mg ± 5.6 vs. 6.1 mg ± 2.0, p = 0.0357; 2.2 mg ± 0.9 vs. 1.3 mg ± 0.6, p = 0.0080) but intake of vitamin D was higher in the group of women (15.7 μg ± 20.4 vs. 33.1 μg ± 26.4, p = 0.0085). In many cases, the intake of vitamins and minerals from food supplements covered the Dietary Reference Values for these nutrients in 100%. In some persons the intake of biotin, vitamin B12, C, B6, riboflavin, niacin was higher than the reference values several dozen times. The intake of vitamins and minerals exceed UL in a few cases relating to vitamin B6 and magnesium.Conclusions: A minority of adults in Poland used food supplements. However, those products were a significant source of vitamins and minerals. Intake of vitamins and minerals from food supplements should be monitored.

The Spirit of the ’70s

This chapter explores how in the 1970s, freedom of therapeutic choice advocacy, previously the domain of right-wing extremists, became bipartisan and mainstream. It examines how various cultural trends contributed to this trend, including a loss of trust in orthodox medicine, government, and other establishment institutions; a “rights revolution” (including the rise of patients’ rights); and the emergence of the women’s health movement. The chapter shows how Americans’ use of alternative remedies surged during this period and discusses in detail two 1970s social movements in favor of alternative treatments: a successful rebellion against the FDA’s attempt to regulate vitamin and mineral supplements more stringently and a campaign to resist the FDA’s ban on Laetrile, an alternative cancer treatment derived from apricot pits. The chapter also describes how American courts briefly seemed prepared to elaborate the holding of Roe v. Wade into a generalized right to freedom of therapeutic choice.

153 Differences in Health and Carcass Characteristics of Yearling Steers That Received Free-choice Garlic-infused Mineral Supplements

Garlic products have been reported to have antimicrobial effects and may trigger anemia in horses, but their direct impact on feedlot cattle has not been detailed. With increased free-choice feeding of garlic-infused mineral supplements to beef cattle, it is important to evaluate this strategy’s impact on the animals’ health and the potential impact on carcass qualities. This 2-yr study recruited 208 crossbred feedlot steers in a supplementation trial using a completely randomized design. Each year, 104 steers were assigned to 1 of 4 groups that received either non-garlic mineral supplement (MS), MS + 0.3% garlic-oil-based premix (GOil), MS + 2.5% garlic powder (LGP), MS + 5% garlic powder (HGP). Feed and supplements were provided on an ad-lib basis and were measured for each steer with automatic feeding units. The study evaluated health indicators such as blood parameters and internal parasites. At harvest, carcass characteristics (including the incidence of liver abscesses) were assessed for all steers. The groups consumed between 156 and 208 g/d of the supplement over the two years, with the MS group having a lower overall supplement intake than other groups. The average daily consumption of garlic products in GOil, LGP, and HGP were approximately 0.6g/d, 5.2g/d, and 10.1g/d, respectively. There was no difference in total fecal egg counts (P = 0.45) among the groups. There was no association between the treatment groups and incidences of liver abscess scores (P = 0.10) nor carcass grade outcomes (P = 0.84). Further, there were no differences in hot carcass weight (P = 0.90), rib eye area (P = 0.34) and carcass backfat thickness (P = 0.99). All blood parameters evaluated were within normal ranges for all groups. The results suggest that infusing commercial garlic products into mineral supplements is not associated with undesirable effects on cattle health or carcass characteristics.

Multimicronutrient supplements in nutrition of pregnant women: critical analysis of research results

The purpose of the review is to analyze the results of the use of vitamin-mineral supplements (MMS) during pregnancy using the databases of the RSCI, CyberLeninka, pubMed. The detection of micronutrient deficiency in a significant part of pregnant women requires its unconditional correction by taking vitamin-mineral supplements. In recent years, the emphasis has shifted to studying the effect of MMS intake on the course and outcomes of pregnancy. The effects described in the literature should be treated critically. Most of the studies are based only on a retrospective survey of pregnant women (according to the ‘yes' or ‘no' principle), their supply of micronutrients is not monitored; no causal relationship is established. There is no objective monitoring of the MMS intake. Uncertainties include the composition and doses of micronutrients in the MMS used, the lack of data on drug intake, the assumption that all MMS are equivalent in composition and micronutrient content, and the grouping of women taking MMS with different composition into one group. In addition, the use of incorrect indicators in assessing the physical growth of children occurs. The positive effect of additional intake of MMS is manifested only if initially there was a deficiency of micronutrients.Conclusions. The intake of MMS during pregnancy improves the supply of vitamins for those women in whose diet there is a lack of them. This prophylaxis reduces the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes due to vitamin deficiencies.

Consumption of Food Supplements during the Three COVID-19 Waves in Poland—Focus on Zinc and Vitamin D

Food supplements (FS) are a concentrated source of vitamins, minerals, or other ingredients with nutritional or other physiological effects. Due to their easy availability, widespread advertising, and sometimes low price, increased consumption of this group of preparations has been observed. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and intake of FS during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland, with particular reference to FS containing zinc and vitamin D. It was noted that both of the above ingredients were used significantly more often by people with higher education (59.0%), with a medical background or related working in the medical field (54.5%), and/or exercising at home (60.1%). Preparations containing vitamin D were used by 22.8% of the respondents in the first wave, 37.6% in the second wave, and 32.9% in the third wave. To sum up, we showed the highest consumption of vitamin and mineral supplements, and preparations containing zinc and vitamin D were taken significantly more often by people with higher medical and related education. This indicates a high awareness of health aspects and the need for preventive measures in these groups.