scholarly journals Using Color to Define Species Boundaries: Quantitative Analysis in the Orchard Oriole Complex Supports the Recognition of two Species

The Condor ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 692-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynna M. Kiere ◽  
Christopher M. Hofmann ◽  
Ian E. Tracy ◽  
Thomas W. Cronin ◽  
Jeff Leips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Color Measurement ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Plumage Color ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Reflectance Spectrometry ◽  
Ideal System ◽  
Molecular Studies

Abstract Abstract. The recent divergence of Orchard (Icterus spurius spurius) and Fuertes's Orioles (I. s. fuertesi) makes them an ideal system for investigating species boundaries. Orchard and Fuertes's Orioles differ in several respects. They have distinct breeding ranges—Fuertes's Orioles breed in eastern coastal Mexico, whereas Orchard Orioles breed throughout eastern and central North America—and differ in plumage coloration, with adult male Orchard Orioles appearing “chestnut” and Fuertes's Orioles “ochre.” However, no detailed quantitative color analyses have been conducted. To characterize these differences we quantitatively measured plumage color using reflectance spectrometry. The colored plumages of adult male Orchard and Fuertes's Orioles have unique spectral characteristics, with no color overlap between them. Combined with life history differences and previous molecular studies, these findings support the classification of Orchard and Fuertes's Orioles as separate species. Additionally, this study demonstrates the utility of quantitative color measurement as a tool for examining species boundaries.

Review of Psychological classification of the adult male prisoner.

1996 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-193
Author(s):  
Terri Gullickson
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Male Prisoner

scholarly journals Species Boundaries and Molecular Markers for the Classification of 16SrI Phytoplasmas Inferred by Genome Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Ting Cho ◽  
Hung-Jui Kung ◽  
Weijie Huang ◽  
Saskia A. Hogenhout ◽  
Chih-Horng Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Species Boundaries

scholarly journals An updated classification of the jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) integrating molecular and morphological evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 736 ◽  
pp. 137-182
Author(s):  
Daniel Burckhardt ◽  
David Ouvrard ◽  
Diana M. Percy
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Sampling Strategies ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Family Level ◽  
A New Species

The classification of the superfamily Psylloidea is revised to incorporate findings from recent molecular studies, and to integrate a reassessment of monophyla primarily based on molecular data with morphological evidence and previous classifications. We incorporate a reinterpretation of relevant morphology in the light of the molecular findings and discuss conflicts with respect to different data sources and sampling strategies. Seven families are recognised of which four (Calophyidae, Carsidaridae, Mastigimatidae and Triozidae) are strongly supported, and three (Aphalaridae, Liviidae and Psyllidae) weakly or moderately supported. Although the revised classification is mostly similar to those recognised by recent authors, there are some notable differences, such as Diaphorina and Katacephala which are transferred from Liviidae to Psyllidae. Five new subfamilies and one new genus are described, and one secondary homonym is replaced by a new species name. A new or revised status is proposed for one family, four subfamilies, four tribes, seven subtribes and five genera. One tribe and eight genera / subgenera are synonymised, and 32 new and six revised species combinations are proposed. All recognised genera of Psylloidea (extant and fossil) are assigned to family level taxa, except for one which is considered a nomen dubium.

scholarly journals Discrete plasmapheres method possibilities in improving peripheral microcirculation in patients with atherosclerosis of the arteries of low extremities

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Y. S. Andozhskaya ◽  
A. N. Galileyeva
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Status ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Suggested Method ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Doppler Flow ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Peripheral Microcirculation ◽  
Flow Changes ◽  
Artery Disease

Introduction and aim. In this study discrete plasmapheres method possibilities in the treatment of the patients with III stage of peripheral artery disease were investigated. The aim of current investigation was to find out the changes of the peripheral microcirculation. Materials and methods: microcirculation was investigated with Minimax-Doppler Ê device before and after treatment of 48 patients with intermittent claudication. Results and discussion. It was found that peripheral microcirculation data and spectral characteristics of Doppler flow changes and clinical status of the patients eventually improved after treatment by suggested method. In conclusion, treatment by suggested method of discrete plasmapheres is effective on one of the most complicated group of patients with III stage of ischemia according to Fontaine-Pokrovsky classification of atherosclerosis of the arteries of low extremities.

scholarly journals The local Universe in the era of large surveys – I. Spectral classification of S0 galaxies

2020 ◽  
Vol 495 (4) ◽  
pp. 4135-4157 ◽  
Author(s):  
J L Tous ◽  
J M Solanes ◽  
J D Perea
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Type ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Interesting Possibility ◽  
Low Dimensional ◽  
Free Machine

ABSTRACT This is the first paper in a series devoted to review the main properties of galaxies designated S0 in the Hubble classification system. Our aim is to gather abundant and, above all, robust information on the most relevant physical parameters of this poorly understood morphological type and their possible dependence on the environment, which could later be used to assess their possible formation channel(s). The adopted approach combines the characterization of the fundamental features of the optical spectra of $68\, 043$ S0 with heliocentric z ≲ 0.1 with the exploration of a comprehensive set of their global attributes. A principal component analysis is used to reduce the huge number of dimensions of the spectral data to a low-dimensional space facilitating a bias-free machine-learning-based classification of the galaxies. This procedure has revealed that objects bearing the S0 designation consist, despite their similar morphology, of two separate subpopulations with statistically inconsistent physical properties. Compared to the absorption-dominated S0, those with significant nebular emission are, on average, somewhat less massive, more luminous with less concentrated light profiles, have a younger, bluer, and metal-poorer stellar component, and avoid high-galaxy-density regions. Noteworthy is the fact that the majority of members of this latter class, which accounts for at least a quarter of the local S0 population, show star formation rates and spectral characteristics entirely similar to those seen in late spirals. Our findings suggest that star-forming S0 might be less rare than hitherto believed and raise the interesting possibility of identifying them with plausible progenitors of their quiescent counterparts.

Revison of the Tasmanian genus of freshwater crayfish Astacopsis Huxley (Decapoda : Parastacidae)

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 699 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Swain ◽  
AMM Richardson ◽  
M Hortle
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Freshwater Crayfish ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Animal Size

Astacopsis Huxley is revised by examination of a wide range of morphological characters. The number of species is reduced from four to two by synonymy. Variation in spination is examined in A. franklinii in relation to geographical distribution (based upon the major drainage systems in Tasmania), animal size and habitat; spininess is found to relate predominantly to animal size. The distribution of Astacopsis within Tasmania is greatly extended and previous reports of geographically separate species' boundaries, indicating limited distributions. can no longer be accepted. Synonymies and diagnoses are provided for A. franklinii and A. gouldi, and a key to their identification is presented.

Neutron-diffraction study of the structural phase transitions in the antifluorite K2PtBr6

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 988-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin L. Armstrong ◽  
Rose M. Morra ◽  
Brian M. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Structural Phase ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Neutron Diffraction Study ◽  
Structural Phase Transitions ◽  
Quadrupole Resonance ◽  
Nuclear Quadrupole

Neutron-powder-diffraction profiles are reported for the antifluorite K2PtBr6 at temperatures of 296, 160, 141, and 120 K. Bromine nuclear-quadrupole-resonance measurements have shown that each of these temperatures corresponds to a different crystal structure and have provided information on the most probable structures. A variety of structural models with symmetries obtained from a group theoretical classification of structural phase transitions are fitted to the diffraction data. A comparison of goodness-of-fit parameters for the models considered at each temperature allows the space group of each phase to be identified. The results provide (i) a definitive test of the validity of a classification scheme proposed for nuclear-quadrupole-resonance spectral characteristics, and (ii) support for the proposition that the allowable, continuous distortions of a crystal are given by the nondisruptive criterion rather than the more restrictive group–subgroup criterion.

A Nomenclatural Review of Dreissena (Bivalvia: Dreissenidae), with Identification of the Quagga Mussel as Dreissena bugensis

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 1474-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Rosenberg ◽  
Michael L. Ludyanskiy
Keyword(s):  
Original Description ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Quagga Mussel ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Paleontological Institute ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Dreissena Bugensis ◽  
Living Species

A review of systematic literature and examination of type material of Dreissena (Paleontological institute, Moscow) revealed that the quagga mussel corresponds to the original description and type specimens of Dreissena bugensis Andrusov, 1897. Russian classifications have treated D. bugensis as a full species or as a subspecies of D. rostriformis Deshayes, 1838. Dreissena rostriformis is the type species of the subgenus Pontodreissena. Dreissena rostriformis rostriformis is regarded as extinct, with two lineages derived from it still living: Dreissena bugensis, in the Dnieper and Bug rivers and the estuary where they enter the Black Sea, and D. rostriformis grimmi, in the southern Caspian Sea. These lineages differ in morphology, coloration, maximum adult size, and salinity tolerance and are therefore regarded as separate species. We adopt the name Dreissena (Pontodreissena) bugensis for the quagga mussel and designate and illustrate lectotypes for D. bugensis and other dreissenid taxa named by Andrusov. Including D. rostriformis and D. bugensis, seven living species of Dreissena are currently recognized. The nomenclatural histories of these species are summarized and the supraspecific classification of dreissenids is reviewed.

scholarly journals Genetic and morphometric variability between populations of Betula ×oycoviensis from Poland and Czechia: A revised view of the taxonomic treatment of the Ojców birch

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243310
Author(s):  
Rostislav Linda ◽  
Ivan Kuneš ◽  
Martin Baláš
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Taxonomic Position ◽  
Polish Population ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Taxonomic Treatment ◽  
Czech Population

Birches are generally known for their high genetic and morphological variability, which has resulted in the description of many species. Ojców birch was described in 1809 by Willibald Suibert Joseph Gottlieb Besser in Poland. Since then, several studies assessing its taxonomy were conducted. Today, various authors present Ojców birch at different taxonomic ranks. In Czechia, the Ojców birch is classified a critically endangered taxon and confirmed at one locality consisting of several tens of individuals. However, before a strategy for its conservation can be applied, we consider it necessary to assess the taxonomic position of the endangered Czech population and to evaluate its relationship to the original Polish population. This study aimed to evaluate the morphometric and genetic variability between populations of B. ×oycoviensis in Poland and the Czechia and their relationship to regional populations of B. pendula, one of the putative parental species of the Ojców birch. Altogether, 106 individuals were sampled, including the holotype of B. szaferi, the second putative parental species of B. ×oycoviensis, received from the herbarium of W. Szafer, which is deposited at the Institute of Botany in Kraków. Morphological analyses identified differences in leaves between B. ×oycoviensis and B. pendula. However, no significant differences were found in genome size between selected taxa/working units except for B. pendula sampled in Czechia. The identified difference of the Czech population of B. pendula is probably caused by population variability. Genetic variability between all the taxa under comparison, regardless of their origin, was also very low; only the benchmark taxa (B. nana and B. humilis) clearly differed from all samples analyzed. The results indicate minute morphological and negligible genetic variability between the Czech and Polish populations of B. ×oycoviensis. In light of our results, the classification of B. ×oycoviensis as B. pendula var. oycoviensis seems more accurate than all hitherto presented alternatives (e.g. B. ×oycoviensis as a separate species).

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