scholarly journals Effect of hepatitis B vaccination in hepatitis B surface antibody-negative pregnant mothers on the vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus from father to infant

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
LI-HUA CAO ◽  
YUN-RU LI ◽  
SHOU-YUN WANG ◽  
ZHI-MIN LIU ◽  
SHAO-CHUN SUN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Surface Antibody ◽  
Pregnant Mothers

A Cost Comparison Analysis for Screening and Vaccination of Hospital Personnel with High- and Low-Prevalence Hepatitis B Virus Antibodies in California

1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myron J. Tong ◽  
Ruth L. Co ◽  
Robin D. Marci ◽  
Phyllis M. Michaelson ◽  
George Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Hospital Personnel ◽  
B Virus ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Surface Antibody

AbstractWe compared the cost of antibody screening and the projected cost for hepatitis B vaccination of antibody-negative individuals at hospitals with “high prevalence” and “low prevalence” rates for hepatitis B virus antibodies among their employees. The use of hepatitis B core antibody for screening and subsequent hepatitis B vaccination of antibody-negative personnel was most cost-effective for hospitals considered to have high prevalence for hepatitis B virus antibodies among its staff, although use of hepatitis B surface antibody in this setting only increased costs by 1.4%. In a hospital with low prevalence for hepatitis B virus antibodies among its staff, use of hepatitis B surface antibody and subsequent vaccination of antibody-negative individuals was the most cost-effective approach, while use of hepatitis B core antibody for the above purposes would have increased costs by 3.4%. The use of both hepatitis B surface antibody and core antibody in either setting followed by immunization was least economical, as costs were increased by 13% and 13.5% respectively.We concluded that hepatitis B core antibody should be used for screening in hospitals with high prevalence for hepatitis B virus antibodies among employees while hepatitis B surface antibody be used for screening in hospitals with low prevalence for hepatitis B virus antibodies among employees. A prediction of high and low prevalence for hepatitis B virus antibodies in hospital personnel may be made by knowledge of the distribution in ethnicity of staff.

scholarly journals Coverage with Timely Administered Vaccination against Hepatitis B Virus and Its Influence on the Prevalence of HBV Infection in the Regions of Different Endemicity

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Karen K. Kyuregyan ◽  
Vera S. Kichatova ◽  
Olga V. Isaeva ◽  
Ilya A. Potemkin ◽  
Elena Yu. Malinnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Belgorod Oblast ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
B Virus

Universal hepatitis B vaccination of newborns was implemented in Russia starting from 1998. From 1998 to 2019, the incidence of acute hepatitis B reduced from 43.8 to 0.57 cases per 100,000 population. Here, we assessed the timely coverage of newborns with the birth dose (HepB-BD), second dose (HepB-2nd), and three vaccine doses (HepB3) in two remote regions of Russia with low (Belgorod Oblast) and high (Yakutia) levels of hepatitis B virus (HBV) endemicity. Vaccination data were obtained from the medical records of 1000 children in Yakutia and 2182 children in Belgorod Oblast. Sera of healthy volunteers from Belgorod Oblast (n = 1754) and Yakutia (n = 1072) across all age groups were tested for serological markers of HBV to assess the infection prevalence and herd immunity. Average HepB-BD coverage was 99.2% in Yakutia and 89.4% in Belgorod Oblast (p < 0.0001) and in both regions varied significantly, from 66% to 100%, between medical centers. The principal reason for the absence of HepB-BD was parent refusal, which accounted for 63.5% of cases of non-vaccination (83/123). While timely HepB-2nd coverage was only 55.4%–64.7%: HepB3 coverage by the age of one year exceeded 90% in both study regions. HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence in the 1998–2019 birth cohort was 0.2% (95% CI: 0.01–1.3%) in Belgorod Oblast and 3.2% (95% CI: 1.9–5.2%) in Yakutia. The proportion of persons testing negative for both antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs) and antibodies to HBV core antigen (anti-HBc) in the 1998–2019 birth cohort was 26.2% (125/481) in Belgorod Oblast and 32.3% (162/501) in Yakutia. We also assessed the knowledge of and attitude towards vaccination among 782 students and teachers of both medical and non-medical specialties from Belgorod State University. Only 60% of medical students knew that hepatitis B is a vaccine-preventable disease. Both medical and nonmedical students, 37.8% and 31.3%, respectively, expressed concerns about safety and actual necessity of vaccination. These data indicate the need to introduce a vaccine delivery audit system, improve medical education with respect to vaccination strategies and policies, and reinforce public knowledge on the benefits of vaccination.

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and uptake of hepatitis B vaccine among healthcare workers, Makueni County, Kenya 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
E N Kisangau ◽  
A Awour ◽  
B Juma ◽  
D Odhiambo ◽  
T Muasya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
B Virus

Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a vaccine-preventable infection that can spread in healthcare setting. Data on HBV infections and vaccine in African healthcare workers (HCWs) are limited. We estimated HBV infection prevalence, hepatitis B vaccination status and identified factors associated with vaccination in one Kenyan county. Methods Randomly selected HCWs completed a questionnaire about HBV exposure and self-reported immunization histories, and provided blood for testing of selected HBV biomarkers to assess HBV infection and vaccination status: HBV core antibodies (anti-HBc), HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV surface antibodies (anti-HBs). Prevalence odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to identify factors associated with vaccination. Results Among 312 HCWs surveyed, median age was 31 years (range: 19–67 years). Of 295 blood samples tested, 13 (4%) were anti-HBc and HBsAg-positive evidencing chronic HBV infection; 139 (47%) had protective anti-HBs levels. Although 249 (80%) HCWs received ≥1 HBV vaccine dose, only 119 (48%) received all three recommended doses. Complete vaccination was more likely among those working in hospitals compared to those working in primary healthcare facilities (OR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.4–4.3). Conclusion We recommend strengthening county HCW vaccination, and collecting similar data nationally to guide HBV prevention and control.

scholarly journals Prevalence of anti-HBc total positivity in an impoverished Urban Community in Banglades

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Dilip Kumar Ghosh ◽  
Chanchal Kumar Ghosh ◽  
Mukta Nath ◽  
Syed Alamgir Safwath ◽  
Santosh Kumar Saha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Urban Community ◽  
Total Positivity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Core ◽  
B Virus

The infection with the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global health problem. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are rapidly spreading in developing countries due to the lack of health education, poverty, illiteracy and Hepatitis B vaccination. No widespread population based data of HBV is available in the country's aspect. So, a population-based serological survey was done to determine the prevalence of the Hepatitis B core antibody total (IgM+IgG) in an impoverished Urban Community in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 384 healthy individuals and age between 18-60 years from the urban slum in Dhaka city. The study was implemented through collaboration with Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College, Dhaka from January 2013 to June 2013. The study participants were selected through systematic sampling procedure and blood tested for anti-HBc. Anti-HBc estimations were carried out by VITROS Immune diagnostic assay. The study was pertained Ethical permission from Bangladesh Medical Research Council (BMRC) and every participant was informed regarding their written informed consent. Among the 384 respondents, 183(47.6%) individuals were positive for the core antibody of hepatitis B virus (anti-HBc). The anti HBc positive group consisted almost of equal number of male 93, (24.2%) and female 90 (23.4%). There was a significantly increasing prevalence of the core antibody among young adults and middle age of the respondents (28.7%). Major risk factors for exposure to Hepatitis B appeared to be Ear-nose-body piercing, Circumcision by Hajam, unsafe blood transfusion and unsterile dental intervention. High prevalence of hepatitis B Core antibody (47.6%) indicates that the members of this urban community are highly exposed to hepatitis B virus.

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