scholarly journals Distributions patterns of Cixiidae (Hemiptera, Fulgoroidea) in China highlight their high endemic diversity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Luo ◽  
Thierry Bourgoin ◽  
Jia-Lin Zhang ◽  
Ji-Nian Feng
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
North China ◽  
New Records ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
The South ◽  
China Region ◽  
Taiwan Region

Does the distribution of the Hemiptera planthoppers Cixiidae, follow the patterns of biogeogaphical distribution already well established for their host plants or other taxa because they are all obligatory phytophagous taxa? Are their realms and boundaries recognized? What are their zoogeographical regions and usual connections? To investigate these issues, we provide here a referenced and comprehensive checklist of the 253 cixiid species currently reported from China, with their precise distribution at the regional level. Seventy seven of these species are new records for China. In the 8 Chinese main zoogeographical regions usually recognized and 2 adjacent areas, we analyzed further their diversity at the tribal, generic and specific levels using a non-metric multidimensional scaling and an unweighted pairwise group analysis using an arithmetic mean cluster analyses. The observed distribution patterns have shown that an intercalary Sino-Japanese realm is present between the Palaearctic and Oriental realms. At the regional level, the South China region cluster is more closely with the Southwest, Central and North China regions. Taiwan is clearly separated from the South China region and mainland China, but is more closely related to the Qinghai-Tibet region and Indochina countries. The Central and South China regions are close to each other, but the Qinghai-Tibet region is singularly different. An updated checklist of the 253 Cixiidae species currently known to occur in China that composes 10% of the Chinese planthopper fauna, is presented, based on original literature, collections in institutions, and museum records. More than 400 records distributed among the 28 provinces and regions in China are provided including 77 new records for China. More than 80% of the species (205 species, 81.03%) have been only reported from China, and most of them are Chinese endemic species, which reflects the great diversity of the Chinese regional and local biotypes and highlights the uniqueness of this fauna. These species are found in 8 zoogeographical regions in China: The Taiwan region is the most diversified with 161 species and the highest rate of endemic species (70.81%), followed by South China (76 species, 17.11%), Central China (62 species, 35.48%), Southwest China (42 species, 40.48%), North China (29 species, 34.48%), Qinghai-Tibet region (10 species, 20%), Northeast China (8 species, 12.5%), and 5 species found in the Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang region that are not endemic. Thirty eight main distribution patterns were identified, and 9 of them were bi-regionally and tri-regionally distributed. The South China-Taiwan pattern has the highest proportion of these major distribution patterns followed by the Central-South China-Taiwan pattern. Semonini and Pentrastirini tribes are widespread among the 8 Chinese zoological regions, representing, respectively, 20.55% and 17% of all species of Chinese cixiids. Cixiini are the most common species of planthopper composing of 45.85% of the total planthopper species found in China , and they occur in 7 Chinese regions but are absent from northeastern China. The next most common Tribes are: Andini with only 5.14% of these species distributed in the Sino-Japanese - Oriental Region; Eucarpini (6.32%) and Borysthenini (1.98%), which are mainly concentrated in the south of the Qingling Mountain-Huai River. The remaining four tribes, Bennini (0.40%), Brixini (0.79%), Oecleini (1.58%) and Stenophlepsini (0.04%) are relatively rare and restricted to Taiwan. A non-metric multidimensional scaling and an unweighted pairwise group method analysis using arithmetic mean clustering based on the Jaccard similarity coefficient matrix support a Palaearctic/Sino-Japanese boundary and a South China region closer to the Southwest, Central and North China regions. The Taiwan region appears clearly separated from the South China region and to mainland China, but more closely related to the Qinghai-Tibet region and Indochina countries. The Central and South China regions appear close to each other, but the Qinghai-Tibet region is singularly isolated.

Detrital zircon geochronology of pre-Cretaceous strata: tectonic implications for the Jiangnan Orogen, South China

2014 ◽  
Vol 151 (6) ◽  
pp. 975-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
JINBAO SU ◽  
SHUWEN DONG ◽  
YUEQIAO ZHANG ◽  
YONG LI ◽  
XUANHUA CHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
North China ◽  
Seismic Profile ◽  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Detrital Zircons ◽  
South China Block ◽  
Yangtze Block ◽  
The South ◽  
Provenance Data ◽  
Cathaysia Block

AbstractFifteen sandstone samples taken from pre-Cretaceous strata of the Yangtze Block are analysed to constrain the evolution of the South China Block, especially the assembly between the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks. The results show that the maximum depositional age of the Neoproterozoic Lengjiaxi Group adjacent to the Cathaysia Block isc. 830 Ma, differing from that of the Kunyang and Dahongshan groups (> 960 Ma) on the southwestern margin of the Yangtze Block. The detrital zircons from Palaeozoic samples from the Yangtze Block have similar age populations to those in the Cathaysia Block, and they may originate from the Cathaysia Block according to palaeogeographic, palaeocurrent and former research data. The detrital zircons of Middle–Upper Jurassic sandstones in the southwestern and central Yangtze Block yield dominant age populations at 2.0–1.7 Ga and subordinate groups of 2.6–2.4 Ga, 0.8–0.7 Ga and 0.6–0.4 Ga. The Upper Triassic strata may be derived from the southern Yangtze and North China blocks due to the collisions between the Indosina, South China and North China blocks, whereas the Jurassic sediments may be partly derived from uplift and erosion of the Jiangnan Orogen due to an intracontinental orogeny induced by Pacific subduction towards the Eurasia Plate. The detrital age spectra and provenance data for basement in the South China Block are analysed and compared with each other. The South China Block has affinity with Australia not only in the Columbia supercontinent but also in the Rodinia supercontinent. We infer the existence of an ancient orogen under the western Jiangnan Orogen, which may have occurred during the Columbia age, earlier than the Sibao orogeny. This is supported by seismic profile proof from the SinoProbe.

The fauna of the South China Sea include unknown phoronid species: new records of larvae and adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena N. Temereva ◽  
Tatiana V. Neretina ◽  
Alexandra N. Stupnikova
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
New Records ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea

The Silurian graptolite zonation of China

1984 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Xu
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
The South ◽  
Yunnan Region ◽  
Western Yunnan ◽  
China Region

China is divided into five Silurian stratigraphic regions on the basis of biostratigraphy and lithostratigraphy. These regions are: Zhungar–Xingan region, Northwest China region, Xizang (Tibet) – western Yunnan region, Yangtze region, and the South China region. Twenty-four graptolite zones are now recognized in the Silurian of China. The earliest Silurian graptolite zones include the persculptus, acuminatus, and vesiculosus zones, characterized by an akidograptid–dimorphograptid sub-fauna; these are followed by the cyphus, gregarius, convolutus, and sedgwickii zones, characterized by a rastritid subfauna. The late Early Silurian zones include the turriculatus Zone with a spirograptid subfauna and the crispus, griestoniensis, and spiralis–grandis zones bearing a streptograptid subfauna. The Middle Silurian is characterized by a cyrtograptid subfauna, which is divided into 10 zones known, in ascending order, as the lapworthi, sakmaricus, insectus, centrifugus, murchisoni, riccartonensis, rigidus?, flexilis, ramosus, and lundgreni zones. The Late Silurian is divided into only three graptolite zones, characterized by a pristiograptid subfauna. They are the nilssoni, tumescens, and transgrediens zones.

Deep-sea spider crabs of the genus Oxypleurodon Miers, 1885 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Majoidea, Epialtidae), from the Nan Hai 2014 Cruise in the South China Sea, with a description of a new species

Crustaceana ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (12-14) ◽  
pp. 1255-1263
Author(s):  
B. Y. Lee ◽  
L. Corbari ◽  
B. Richer de Forges
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
New Records ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sea Spider ◽  
A New Species

During a recent expedition in the South China Sea, three species of the deep-sea epialtid genusOxypleurodonMiers, 1885 were collected. Two species,O. stimpsoniMiers, 1886, andO. auritum(Rathbun, 1916), are new records for the area. The third species, one of the largest knownOxypleurodonspecies, is described here as new. It is most similar toO. luzonicum(Rathbun, 1916) andO. sanctaeclausiRicher de Forges & Ng, 2009, in possessing a rounded cardiac plate, but can be separated by the structures of the branchial and pseudorostral spines.

scholarly journals Proterozoic−Phanerozoic tectonic evolution of the Qilian Shan and Eastern Kunlun Range, northern Tibet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Wu ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Andrew V. Zuza ◽  
Peter J. Haproff ◽  
Xuanhua Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Tectonic Evolution ◽  
North China ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
South China Craton ◽  
Late Neoproterozoic ◽  
North And South ◽  
North Qilian ◽  
Early Neoproterozoic

The Proterozoic−Phanerozoic tectonic evolution of the Qilian Shan, Qaidam Basin, and Eastern Kunlun Range was key to the construction of the Asian continent, and understanding the paleogeography of these regions is critical to reconstructing the ancient oceanic domains of central Asia. This issue is particularly important regarding the paleogeography of the North China-Tarim continent and South China craton, which have experienced significant late Neoproterozoic rifting and Phanerozoic deformation. In this study, we integrated new and existing geologic field observations and geochronology across northern Tibet to examine the tectonic evolution of the Qilian-Qaidam-Kunlun continent and its relationships with the North China-Tarim continent to the north and South China craton to the south. Our results show that subduction and subsequent collision between the Tarim-North China, Qilian-Qaidam-Kunlun, and South China continents occurred in the early Neoproterozoic. Late Neoproterozoic rifting opened the North Qilian, South Qilian, and Paleo-Kunlun oceans. Opening of the South Qilian and Paleo-Kunlun oceans followed the trace of an early Neoproterozoic suture. The opening of the Paleo-Kunlun Ocean (ca. 600 Ma) occurred later than the opening of the North and South Qilian oceans (ca. 740−730 Ma). Closure of the North Qilian and South Qilian oceans occurred in the Early Silurian (ca. 440 Ma), whereas the final consumption of the Paleo-Kunlun Ocean occurred in the Devonian (ca. 360 Ma). Northward subduction of the Neo-Kunlun oceanic lithosphere initiated at ca. 270 Ma, followed by slab rollback beginning at ca. 225 Ma evidenced in the South Qilian Shan and at ca. 194 Ma evidenced in the Eastern Kunlun Range. This tectonic evolution is supported by spatial trends in the timing of magmatism and paleo-crustal thickness across the Qilian-Qaidam-Kunlun continent. Lastly, we suggest that two Greater North China and South China continents, located along the southern margin of Laurasia, were separated in the early Neoproterozoic along the future Kunlun-Qinling-Dabie suture.

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