taiwan region
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2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-36
Author(s):  
Kyra E. Stull ◽  
Louise K. Corron

The Subadult Virtual Anthropology Database (SVAD) is the largest available repository of contemporary (2010–2019) subadult reference data from around the world. It is composed of data collected from individuals aged between birth and 22 years. Data were collected from skeletal remains (n = 43, Colombia) and medical images (n = 4848) generated at medical examiner’s offices in the United States (full-body Computed Tomography (CT) scans), hospitals in France, The Netherlands, Taiwan (region-specific CT scans), and South Africa (full-body Lodox Statscans), a private clinic in Angola (region-specific conventional radiographs), and a dental practice in Brazil (panoramic radiographs). Available derivatives include individual demographics (age, sex) with standardized skeletal and/or dental growth and development indicators for all individuals from all samples, and segmented long bone and innominate surfaces from the CT scan samples. Standardized protocols for data collection are provided for download and derivatives are freely accessible for researchers and students.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Luo ◽  
Thierry Bourgoin ◽  
Jia-Lin Zhang ◽  
Ji-Nian Feng

Does the distribution of the Hemiptera planthoppers Cixiidae, follow the patterns of biogeogaphical distribution already well established for their host plants or other taxa because they are all obligatory phytophagous taxa? Are their realms and boundaries recognized? What are their zoogeographical regions and usual connections? To investigate these issues, we provide here a referenced and comprehensive checklist of the 253 cixiid species currently reported from China, with their precise distribution at the regional level. Seventy seven of these species are new records for China. In the 8 Chinese main zoogeographical regions usually recognized and 2 adjacent areas, we analyzed further their diversity at the tribal, generic and specific levels using a non-metric multidimensional scaling and an unweighted pairwise group analysis using an arithmetic mean cluster analyses. The observed distribution patterns have shown that an intercalary Sino-Japanese realm is present between the Palaearctic and Oriental realms. At the regional level, the South China region cluster is more closely with the Southwest, Central and North China regions. Taiwan is clearly separated from the South China region and mainland China, but is more closely related to the Qinghai-Tibet region and Indochina countries. The Central and South China regions are close to each other, but the Qinghai-Tibet region is singularly different. An updated checklist of the 253 Cixiidae species currently known to occur in China that composes 10% of the Chinese planthopper fauna, is presented, based on original literature, collections in institutions, and museum records. More than 400 records distributed among the 28 provinces and regions in China are provided including 77 new records for China. More than 80% of the species (205 species, 81.03%) have been only reported from China, and most of them are Chinese endemic species, which reflects the great diversity of the Chinese regional and local biotypes and highlights the uniqueness of this fauna. These species are found in 8 zoogeographical regions in China: The Taiwan region is the most diversified with 161 species and the highest rate of endemic species (70.81%), followed by South China (76 species, 17.11%), Central China (62 species, 35.48%), Southwest China (42 species, 40.48%), North China (29 species, 34.48%), Qinghai-Tibet region (10 species, 20%), Northeast China (8 species, 12.5%), and 5 species found in the Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang region that are not endemic. Thirty eight main distribution patterns were identified, and 9 of them were bi-regionally and tri-regionally distributed. The South China-Taiwan pattern has the highest proportion of these major distribution patterns followed by the Central-South China-Taiwan pattern. Semonini and Pentrastirini tribes are widespread among the 8 Chinese zoological regions, representing, respectively, 20.55% and 17% of all species of Chinese cixiids. Cixiini are the most common species of planthopper composing of 45.85% of the total planthopper species found in China , and they occur in 7 Chinese regions but are absent from northeastern China. The next most common Tribes are: Andini with only 5.14% of these species distributed in the Sino-Japanese - Oriental Region; Eucarpini (6.32%) and Borysthenini (1.98%), which are mainly concentrated in the south of the Qingling Mountain-Huai River. The remaining four tribes, Bennini (0.40%), Brixini (0.79%), Oecleini (1.58%) and Stenophlepsini (0.04%) are relatively rare and restricted to Taiwan. A non-metric multidimensional scaling and an unweighted pairwise group method analysis using arithmetic mean clustering based on the Jaccard similarity coefficient matrix support a Palaearctic/Sino-Japanese boundary and a South China region closer to the Southwest, Central and North China regions. The Taiwan region appears clearly separated from the South China region and to mainland China, but more closely related to the Qinghai-Tibet region and Indochina countries. The Central and South China regions appear close to each other, but the Qinghai-Tibet region is singularly isolated.


2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1003-1012
Author(s):  
Xiao-yi Shao ◽  
Chong Xu ◽  
Si-yuan Ma ◽  
Xi-wei Xu ◽  
J. Bruce H. Shyu ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 459
Author(s):  
Yu-Ming Lai ◽  
Yu-Yun Cho ◽  
Hao-Yang Lee ◽  
Dung-Han Lee ◽  
Yoshiyuki Iizuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Rong-Chang Jou ◽  
Ke-Hong Chen

In the present study, we used the stated preference approach to design different situations, including appearance, different services, and different times to further explore passengers’ acceptance of and expected price to be paid for taxi service levels. In addition to using general ordered models, the results of this study were also compared with the multinomial logit model and the partial proportional odds (PPO) model. The results of comparison between the models ultimately revealed that the PPO model statistically had a better explanatory power. In the model estimation results, the key explanatory variables included the ability to recognize the appearance, seating space, honorable service, the development of user payment concepts, and demographic grouping, all of which could increase acceptance. The results obtained in this study could provide a key reference for the classification of taxis in the Taiwan region and serve as a basis for the development of strategies by operators in the future.


2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanda Zhang ◽  
Fangqun Yu ◽  
Gan Luo ◽  
Jen‐Ping Chen ◽  
Charles C.‐K. Chou
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Yu Jianlong ◽  
Cao Lijun

This chapter focuses on the CIETAC’s jurisdiction. Article 3.1 of the CIETAC Rules provides that the CIETAC accepts cases involving economic, trade, and other disputes of a contractual or non-contractual nature, based on an agreement of the parties. There are three types of cases accepted by the CIETAC: (1) international or foreign-related disputes; (2) disputes related to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Macao Special Administrative Region, and the Taiwan Region; and (3) domestic disputes. However, both the CIETAC and local arbitration commissions are prohibited by the PRC Arbitration Law from assuming jurisdiction over certain types of disputes. The chapter addresses these non-arbitrable matters under PRC law. It then traces the evolution of the CIETAC’s scope of jurisdiction. Lastly, the chapter assesses the jurisdiction of local arbitration commissions.


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