scholarly journals Modern approaches to pharmacotherapy of tuberculosis infection in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Vasiliy E. Novikov ◽  
Natalia E. Usacheva ◽  
Tatyana V. Myakisheva
Keyword(s):  
Drug Sensitivity ◽  
Chemotherapy Regimen ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Dose Combination ◽  
Third Line ◽  
Tuberculosis In Children

Anti-TB drugs for children: Aetiotropic therapy is used for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB) in children, as well as in adult patients. Anti-tuberculosis drugs (anti-TB drugs) are divided into 3 lines, taking into account drug sensitivity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT). First-line anti-TB drugs (basic) are used to treat TB caused by drug-susceptible MBT. Second- and third-line (reserve) drugs are recommended for the treatment of MBT-induced multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB, respectively. Stages and regimens to treat tuberculosis: Chemotherapy of tuberculosis in children is carried out in 2 stages (intensive treatment and continuation of treatment) and includes 5 regimens. Each regimen assumes a certain combination of anti-TB drugs, indicating the duration and frequency of their administration. The final chemotherapy regimen is chosen only according to the results of determining the drug sensitivity. To improve the TB epidemic among children, it is important to improve the regimens for the use of anti-TB drugs. The effectiveness of anti-tuberculosis pharmacotherapy is largely determined by the MBT sensitivity and the rational choice of the chemotherapy regimen. The wrong choice of a chemotherapy regimen or its violation threatens to reduce the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy and expand the spectrum of resistance of the pathogen. The development of fixed-dose combination anti-TB drugs and special dosage forms for children will improve the quality of chemotherapy and adherence to treatment. Pharmacoeconomic studies are needed to increase the effectiveness of drug pharmacotherapy for tuberculosis infection in children and to optimize the costs of its implementation.

scholarly journals Combine therapy as a modern approach to treatment of allergic rhinitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 986-990
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Emelyanov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Suboptimal Control ◽  
Fixed Dose Combination ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Dose Combination

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one the most common allergic diseases affecting from 10 to 40% of the population in different countries, including Russia. AR is a risk factor of bronchial asthma, other upper airway disease and may decrease patient quality of life, their productivity, increase probability of occupational traumatism, depression and anxiety. AR also presents a substantial economic burden. The rationale to use fixed dose combination of intranasal steroids and topical H1 antihistamines includes suboptimal control of symptoms by monotherapy, its complementary pharmacologic activity and the results of clinical trials. This review focused on fixed dose combination of intranasal mometasone furoate and olopataine. Double blind placebo-controlled and open clinical trials have confirmed that this combination decreased severity of nasal and ocular symptoms of seasonal and perennial AR, improved patient quality of life and had a good tolerability. Its efficacy was higher than those of monotherapy. Fast onset of action and sustainable effect on symptoms (during 1 yr) may improve adherence patients to the treatment and control of symptoms of AR.

scholarly journals AN EXTENSIVE REVIEW ON CHEMOTHERAPY INDUCED NAUSEA AND VOMITING

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5-s) ◽  
pp. 79-81
Author(s):  
P Bhulakshmi ◽  
GV Nagaraju ◽  
K Srilaya
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Emetogenic Chemotherapy ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Nk1 Receptor Antagonist ◽  
The Us ◽  
Dose Combination ◽  
Delayed Cinv

Chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting is the among most feared and debilitating adverse events experienced by the cancer patients. Left unaddressed, CINV symptoms not only decrease quality of life, but may also affect patients’ willingness to continue chemotherapy treatment. However, adherence to guideline recommendations continues to be suboptimal therapy, and many patients still suffer unnecessarily from CINV. In addition, breakthrough/refractory CINV continues to present particular challenges. The development of effective CINV treatments with diverse mechanisms of action has expanded the options available for preventing symptoms. The US Food and Drug Administration have recently approved several new therapies for the management of CINV. NEPA is a fixed-dose combination of Netupitant (300 mg) plus Palonosetron (0.5 mg). In combination with Dexamethasone, NEPA has demonstrated superior efficacy to Palonosetron alone in patients receiving highly or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. Rolapitant is a nextgeneration neurokinin-1receptor antagonist. Both palonosetron and rolapitant have proven particularly effective in controlling delayed CINV. Regimens that combine a serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine–3 receptor antagonist, an NK1 receptor antagonist, and a corticosteroid now represent the standard of care for managing both acute and delayed CINV in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy. Keywords: CINV, Seratonin, Dopamine, Neurokinin, Antiemetics.

scholarly journals Management of peripheral neuropathy symptoms with a fixed dose combination of high-dose vitamin B1, B6 and B12: A 12-week prospective non-interventional study in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfaluthy Hakim ◽  
Nani Kurniani ◽  
Rizaldy Taslim Pinzon ◽  
Dodik Tugasworo ◽  
Mudjiani Basuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Fixed Dose Combination ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Clinical Trial Registry ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Dose Combination

Background: Peripheral neuropathy is a common condition which can have a significant impact on quality of life. It occurs as a component of several common and rare diseases or can be idiopathic and can present with various symptoms.Aims and Objectives: This study is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness and safety of the fixed dose combination of vitamin B1, B6 and B12in mild to moderate peripheral neuropathy of various etiologies in the Indonesian population.Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, open label, multi-center, single arm observational study (Indonesian Clinical Trial Registry No: INA-KPA0DYA). A total of 411 subjects with mild to moderate peripheral neuropathy of various etiologies, who met the eligibility criteria, were included in the study. A subject was considered to have “completed” the study if the study procedures, up to Visit 3 (one month of treatment) were accomplished. Procedural results and 12-week clinical outcomes are reported.Results: Treatment with combination of vitamin B1, B6 and B12 in subjects with symptoms of PN showed significant improvement in overall Total Symptom Score (TSS), within 14 days. The treatment also successfully reduced individual components of TSS from baseline to Visit 5. A significant percentage reduction was also observed for all the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) parameters at the end of 12 weeks, while the Quality of Life (QoL) scores increased from baseline to the end of treatment.Conclusions: The fixed dose combination of vitamin B1, B6 and B12 was effective and welltolerated in subjects with mild to moderate peripheral neuropathy, of various etiologies.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.9(1) 2018 32-40

Managing the Patient with Multidrug-Resistant HIV

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Thu ◽  
Naiel Nassar
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Virologic Failure ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Combination Product ◽  
The Past ◽  
Antiretroviral Medication ◽  
Dose Combination ◽  
Therapy Treatment

During approximately the past 15 years, HIV infection has been transformed into a chronic manageable disease primarily due to the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy. Treatment guidelines emphasize the need for at least two or preferably three fully active medications in the salvage regimens of patients experiencing virologic failure. The new regimen should be started with as little interruption as possible because the structured interruption of treatment in patient with multidrug-resistant HIV infection is associated with greater progression of the disease. The new pharmacokinetic enhancer, cobicistat, is available as a fixed-dose combination product with antiretroviral medication that allows the treatment to be simplified and reduces the pill burden.

Tiotropium + olodaterol fixed-dose combination shows clinically meaningful improvements in quality of life versus placebo

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave Singh ◽  
Gary T. Ferguson ◽  
Josef Bolitschek ◽  
Lars Grönke ◽  
Christoph Hallmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Fixed Dose Combination ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Dose Combination

scholarly journals Patient Reported Outcome (PRO) in Patients Receiving High and Moderate Emetogenic Chemotherapy (Ctx) - Results of a German Prospective Non-Interventional Study with Netupitant/Palonosetron Fixed Dose Combination (NEPA)

Blood ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 4844-4844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meinolf Karthaus ◽  
P Klare ◽  
N Gazawi ◽  
MO Zahn ◽  
B Reimann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Fixed Dose Combination ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Interventional Study ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Dose Combination ◽  
Good For

Abstract Introduction:NEPA is a fixed dose combination of the NK1-receptor antagonist (RA) netupitant and 5-HT3-RA palonosetron approved for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in pts receiving highly emetogenic (HEC) on cisplatin-basis or moderately emetogenic Ctx (MEC). NEPA demonstrated safety and efficacy in platinum, anthracycline and cyclophosphamid based Ctx, These drugs are frequently used in regimens for hematology pts. A German non-interventional study investigated NEPA's efficacy and impact on quality of life in adult cancer pts by patient-related outcomes (PRO) and physicians' personal assessment under real life conditions. Primary objective was the evaluation of quality of life (QoL) in adults receiving NEPA for CINV prevention. Secondary endpoints were efficacy and safety of NEPA. Methods: Open label, non-interventional, prospective, national, multicenter study that evaluates CINV prevention and patients' QoL receiving NEPA in pts with either HEC or MEC on up to 2 consecutive Ctx days for at least consecutive 3 cycles. QoL was evaluated by the validated FLIE questionnaires at the end of each Ctx cycle. Efficacy was documented by the treating physicians and via patient diaries for 3 Ctx cycles within 24 hrs and on 4 additional d after Ctx. Safety, additional medication and physicians' overall satisfaction was reported via eCRF. Results: Between June 2015 and Sept 2017 a total of 2429 pts were enrolled with 1997 pts being eligible for the 2nd interim analysis. 1901 pts were included in the efficacy analysis in the 1st, 1808 pts in the 2nd and 1734 pts in the 3rd cycle. Median age was 58 (range of 28-89). A total of 630 evaluable pts received MEC (53% carboplatin based) and 1185 pts received HEC (88% anthracycline/ cyclophosphamide based), PRO with complete response (CR=no nausea, no vomiting, no rescue medication) was analyzed based on patient diaries. Diaries for PRO in MEC-pts (n=401) reported CR in 94% in cycle 1, 85% in cycle 2 and 86% in cycle 3. Efficacy, assessed by physicians (n=630 pts) on a 4-point scale, was rated very good/good for 91%, 93%, and 94% in cycle 1, 2 and 3, respectively. PRO of 896 pts with HEC reported 81% CR in cycle 1, 82% in cycle 2 and 83% in cycle 3. Efficacy, assessed by physicians (1185 HEC pts), was rated very good/good for 88%, 89%, and 90% in cycle 1, 2 and 3, respectively. A high percentage of patients receiving HEC or MEC did not suffer from any emesis (93%, 93% and 94% in cycle 1-3, respectively). Over 85%of pts reported no impact on daily QoL due to vomiting in all 3 cycles with HEC or MEC.The most common treatment emergent adverse events were constipation and insomnia of mild-moderate intensity. Conclusions: NEPA prevented CINV highly effective in the acute and delayed phase of HEC and MEC with no impact on daily life due to vomiting in >85% of pts. Physicians evaluation was concordant to PRO.Safety profile was good. Disclosures Karthaus: Riemser: Consultancy. Schilling:Riemser: Honoraria.

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