scholarly journals Integrative taxonomic revision of the land snail genus Sarika Godwin-Austen, 1907 in Thailand, with descriptions of nine new species (Eupulmonata, Ariophantidae)

ZooKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 976 ◽  
pp. 1-100
Author(s):  
Arthit Pholyotha ◽  
Chirasak Sutcharit ◽  
Piyoros Tongkerd ◽  
Somsak Panha
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Group A ◽  
Anatomical Characters

Members of the land snail genus SarikaGodwin-Austen 1907 are superficially similar and difficult to differentiate by their shell morphology so that their species limits are still unclear. In order to resolve the taxonomy of this group, a phylogenetic reconstruction of Sarika is presented, based on morphological and anatomical characters, as well as on partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. In total, 23 species of Sarika are recognised in Thailand, and nine species are new to science, namely S. caligina Pholyotha & Panha, sp. nov., S. gratesi Pholyotha & Panha, sp. nov., S. inferospira Pholyotha & Panha, sp. nov., S. lactospira Pholyotha & Panha, sp. nov., S. megalogyne Pholyotha & Panha, sp. nov., S. melanospira Pholyotha & Panha, sp. nov., S. pellosa Pholyotha & Panha, sp. nov., S. solemi Pholyotha & Panha, sp. nov., and S. subheptagyra Pholyotha & Panha, sp. nov. Results from genital examination and COI analyses confirm the monophyly of Sarika and its species. The intra- and inter-specific genetic distances of Sarika were 0–3.7% and 4.6–12.0%, respectively. Colour images of the living adults, shell, and genitalia along with SEM images of the spermatophore and radula are given. In addition, an identification key and a geographical distribution map of Sarika species are provided.

scholarly journals Cryptic diversity, molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the rock- and leaf litter-dwelling land snails of Belau (Republic of Palau, Oceania)

2008 ◽  
Vol 363 (1508) ◽  
pp. 3401-3412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J Rundell
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Land Snails ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Republic Of Palau ◽  
Shell Sculpture

The endemic diplommatinid land snails (Caenogastropoda: Mollusca) of Belau (Republic of Palau, Micronesia) are an exceptionally diverse group of largely undescribed species distributed among rock and leaf litter habitats on most of Belau's 586 islands. Diplommatinid shell morphology (e.g. shell sculpture) reflects habitat type. In this study, I analysed a subset of the 90 diplommatinid species representing a broad geographical spread of islands in order to reveal the species' phylogenetic relationships and biogeography within the Belau archipelago. Diplommatinid species from the islands of Yap, Pohnpei, Kosrae and Guam are also included in the analysis. One nuclear (28S rRNA) and two mitochondrial (16S rRNA, COI) gene regions comprising 1906 bp were used for phylogenetic reconstruction. Results show that (i) the Belau Diplommatinidae are not monophyletic, as Guam and Yap species should be included as part of the radiation, (ii) Pohnpei and Kosrae species are highly divergent from Belau diplommatinids, (iii) there is little evidence for in situ radiation within individual Belau islands, (iv) spined and heavily calcified rock-dwelling species form a well-supported clade, and (v) Belau diplommatinid genera are in need of revision.

Two Colors, One Species: The Case of Melissodes nigroaenea (Apidae: Eucerini), an Important Pollinator of Cotton Fields in Brazil

Sociobiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Grando ◽  
Nolan David Amon ◽  
Steven J Clough ◽  
Na Guo ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Color Morphs ◽  
Human Effects ◽  
High Degree

Accurate taxonomic delimitation in ecological research is absolutely critical as studies that seek to evaluate levels of biodiversity and qualify human effects on the environment are rapidly undertaken. Coloration is a widely used morphological character for species identification through dichotomous keys. However, taxonomic identification based upon coloration is often unreliable because this character can exhibit high degree of intraspecific variation. In this study, we use a DNA barcoding approach to investigate the interpretation of two color morphs (yellow or dark) in the eucerine bee Melissodes nigroaenea. Our hypothesis is that if significant genetic divergence exists between each morphotype of M. nigroaenea, coloration reflects two distinct evolutionary lineages within this species, which may require taxonomic revision. Our alternative hypothesis is that, if genetic divergence is low between each morphotype of M. nigroaenea, we can attribute this variation to color polymorphism. Our Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction revealed that both yellow and black individuals clustered together in a highly supported phylogenetic group. Additionally, pairwise genetic distances between M. nigroaenea color morphotypes were lower than 3%. These results indicate that both mesosome color morphs correspond to intraspecific variability within the same evolutionary unit. Together, our results indicate that mesosome coloration is not a reliable character for taxonomic differentiation of these Melissodes species, and that the incorporation of DNA barcoding approaches to taxonomic classification can help resolve some of the problems that originate while relying on purely morphological taxonomy.

Two new species of Margarites (Gastropoda: Margaritidae) from hydrothermal vent areas, Western Pacific

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4299 (3) ◽  
pp. 441 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHUQIAN ZHANG ◽  
SUPING ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Okinawa Trough ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Back Arc

During research dives by the submersible ROV Faxian, two margaritid species were collected in Okinawa Trough and Manus Back-Arc Basin. In present study, we describe and illustrate them as Margarites similis sp. nov. and Margarites manusensis sp. nov., respectively. The generic allocation is based on shell morphology and radula features. Phylogenetic reconstruction using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene also supports their placements within Margarites. 

Lactuca pumila (Asteraceae, Cichorieae) revisited—additional evidence for a phytogeographical link between SE Zagros and Hindu Kush

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 307 (2) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOSLEM DOOSTMOHAMMADI ◽  
NORBERT KILIAN
Keyword(s):  
Full Description ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Alpine Zone ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Hindu Kush ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Group A ◽  
Zagros Range

Lactuca pumila, so far known only from a single gathering from E Afghanistan, is shown to occur also in the SE Zagros range, Kerman province, southeastern Iran. The new locality extends the range of the species about 1000 km south-westward and this disjunction further highlights the floristic link between the SE Zagros and the Hindu Kush as well as Central Asian mountains. Fruiting plants, so far not known of the species, confirm it as a member of the L. rosularis group, which includes four closely related species of rosette herbs confined to rock crevices in the montane to alpine zone of the Iranian–Afghan highlands. The relationships of the two disjunctly distributed populations and of the species is corroborated by a molecular phylogenetic analysis. A key to the species of the L. rosularis group, a full description, photographs of life plants, SEM images of achenes and a distribution map of L. pumila are provided, and the generic classification is discussed.

Taxonomic treatment of the Festuca marginata group (Pooideae, Poaceae) on the Iberian Peninsula (SW Europe)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 319 (3) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
EUSEBIO LÓPEZ ◽  
GLORIA MARTÍNEZ-SAGARRA ◽  
JUAN ANTONIO DEVESA
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Taxonomic Treatment ◽  
Restricted Distribution ◽  
Group A ◽  
Anatomical Characters

A taxonomic revision of the species of the Festuca marginata group on the Iberian Peninsula is presented. Traditionally, this group has included several taxa of Festuca sect. Festuca characterized mainly by having three strands of sclerenchyma in the leaf blade and whose delimitation is difficult. To clarify taxonomy of this group, a morphological, anatomical, chorological and ecological study was performed on 246 specimens from herbaria and wild populations, and 21 morphological and anatomical characters were studied biometrically in 72 specimens from 65 different locations. A new taxonomic treatment of the group is derived from the results of the analyses. Festuca marginata, a species distributed over the east and northeast of the territory, is recognized with two subspecies: subsp. marginata, which is widely distributed in France but has a restricted distribution in the Pyrenean area, and subsp. andres-molinae, endemic in the east and northeast of the Iberian Peninsula. Festuca lambinonii, widely distributed in the mountains of the centre, east and northeast of the territory, is also recognized. An identification key, descriptions, synonyms, distribution, phenology, and ecology data are provided for the three taxa recognized.

A New Species of Turnera (Turneraceae, Passifloraceae s. l.) from the Brazilian Cerrado

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 826-832
Author(s):  
Lamarck Rocha ◽  
Maria Mercedes Arbo
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Dark Blue ◽  
A New Species

Abstract—Turnera macrosperma, a new species from the Brazilian Cerrado, is described and illustrated. The new species belongs to the series Turnera and can be characterized by the white petals with dark blue/violet basal spot and large seeds with papillose aril. SEM images, distribution map, and comments on taxonomy and morphology are presented.

scholarly journals An evaluation of genetic distances for use with microsatellite loci.

Genetics ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 463-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
D B Goldstein ◽  
A Ruiz Linares ◽  
L L Cavalli-Sforza ◽  
M W Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Stepwise Mutation Model ◽  
Mutation Model ◽  
Stepwise Mutation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Nei's Distance ◽  
Infinite Alleles Model ◽  
Overall Reliability

Abstract Mutations of alleles at microsatellite loci tend to result in alleles with repeat scores similar to those of the alleles from which they were derived. Therefore the difference in repeat score between alleles carries information about the amount of time that has passed since they shared a common ancestral allele. This information is ignored by genetic distances based on the infinite alleles model. Here we develop a genetic distance based on the stepwise mutation model that includes allelic repeat score. We adapt earlier treatments of the stepwise mutation model to show analytically that the expectation of this distance is a linear function of time. We then use computer simulations to evaluate the overall reliability of this distance and to compare it with allele sharing and Nei's distance. We find that no distance is uniformly superior for all purposes, but that for phylogenetic reconstruction of taxa that are sufficiently diverged, our new distance is preferable.

Taxonomy of Nystiellidae (Caenogastropoda, Epitonioidea) from Brazil, with description of three new species from the South-western Atlantic

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 1619-1644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Dias Pimenta ◽  
Bruno Garcia Andrade ◽  
Ricardo Silva Absalão
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
The South ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
North Eastern

A taxonomic revision of the Nystiellidae from Brazil, including samples from the Rio Grande Rise, South Atlantic, was performed based on shell morphology. Five genera and 17 species were recognized. For the richest genus,Eccliseogyra, the three species previously recorded from Brazil were revised:E. brasiliensisandE. maracatu, previously known only from their respective type series, were re-examined. Newly available material ofE. maracatuexpanded the known geographic range of this species to off south-east Brazil.Eccliseogyra nitidais now recorded from north-eastern to south-eastern Brazil, as well as from the Rio Grande Rise. Three species ofEccliseogyraare newly recorded from the South Atlantic:E. monnioti, previously known from the north-eastern Atlantic, occurs off eastern Brazil and on the Rio Grande Rise; its protoconch is described for the first time, confirming its family allocation.Eccliseogyra pyrrhiasoccurs off eastern Brazil and on the Rio Grande Rise, andE. folinioff eastern Brazil. The genusIphitusis newly recorded from the South Atlantic.Iphitus robertsiwas found off northern Brazil, although the shells show some differences from the type material, with less-pronounced spiral keels. Additional new finds showed thatIphitus cancellatusranges from eastern Brazil to the Rio Grande Rise, and Iphitusnotiossp. nov. is restricted to the Rio Grande Rise.Narrimania, previously recorded from Brazil based on dubious records, is confirmed, including the only two living species described for the genus:N. azelotes, previously only known from the type locality in Florida, andN. concinna, previously known from the Mediterranean. A third species,Narrimania raquelaesp. nov. is described from eastern Brazil, diagnosed by its numerous and thinner cancellate sculpture. To the three species ofOpaliopsispreviously known from Brazil, a fourth species,O. arnaldoisp. nov., is added from eastern Brazil, and diagnosed by its very thin spiral sculpture, absence of a varix, and thinner microscopic parallel axial striae.Papuliscala nordestina, originally described from north-east Brazil, is recorded off eastern Brazil and synonymized withP. elongata, a species previously known only from the North Atlantic.

DNA barcoding of bats (Chiroptera) from the Colombian northern region

Mammalia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro J. Benítez ◽  
Dina Ricardo-Caldera ◽  
María Atencia-Pineda ◽  
Jesús Ballesteros-Correa ◽  
Julio Chacón-Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Barcoding ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Molossus Molossus ◽  
Artibeus Lituratus

Abstract Bats are mammals of great ecological and medical importance, which have associations with different pathogenic microorganisms. DNA barcoding is a tool that can expedite species identification using short DNA sequences. In this study, we assess the DNA barcoding methodology in bats from the Colombian Northern region, specifically in the Córdoba department. Cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences of nine bat species were typified, and their comparison with other Neotropic samples revealed that this marker is suitable for individual species identification, with ranges of intra-species variation from 0.1 to 0.9%. Bat species clusters are well supported and differentiated, showing average genetic distances ranging from 3% between Artibeus lituratus and Artibeus planirostris, up to 27% between Carollia castanea and Molossus molossus. C. castanea and Glossophaga soricina show geographical structuring in the Neotropic. The findings reported in this study confirm DNA barcoding usefulness for fast species identification of bats in the region.

Molecular insights into the phylogenetic placement of the poorly known genus Niceforonia Goin & Cochran, 1963 (Anura: Brachycephaloidea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4514 (4) ◽  
pp. 487
Author(s):  
ANDRÉS R. ACOSTA-GALVIS ◽  
JEFFREY W. STREICHER ◽  
LUIGI MANUELLI ◽  
TRAVIS CUDDY ◽  
RAFAEL O. DE SÁ
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New World ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Phylogenetic Inference ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
First Time

Among New World direct-developing frogs belonging to the clade Brachycephaloidea (= Terraranae), there are several genera with uncertain phylogenetic placements. One notable example is the genus Niceforonia Goin & Cochran 1963, which includes three species that are endemic to Colombia. Three specimens of the species Niceforonia nana were collected and for the first time the genus is included in a molecular phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial (mtDNA; 12S and 16S) and nuclear (nucDNA; TYR and RAG1) markers. Molecular phylogenetic inference based on concatenated and separate mtDNA and nucDNA analyses recovered Niceforonia nana nested within Hypodactylus Hedges et al. 2008, rendering the latter genus paraphyletic. Consequently, herein we place the genus Hypodactylus in the synonymy of Niceforonia to resolve the paraphyly and place Niceforonia in the subfamily Hypodactylinae. Based on our revised concept of the genus Niceforonia we conducted preliminary morphological comparisons using specimens and literature descriptions. Finally, Nicefornia nana is quite divergent from other species of Niceforonia (uncorrected genetic distances of ca. 10% 16S and 7% TYR) suggesting that further taxonomic revision may be warranted. 

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