scholarly journals New populations of two threatened species of Alsodes (Anura, Alsodidae) reveal the scarce biogeographic knowledge of the genus in the Andes of central Chile

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Correa ◽  
Paulo Zepeda ◽  
Nicolás Lagos ◽  
Hugo Salinas ◽  
R. Eduardo Palma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
First Order ◽  
Bayesian Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
The Andes ◽  
New Localities ◽  
Mitochondrial Sequences

High Andean environments of central Chile (32°–38°S) are inhabited by several endemic species of the genus Alsodes. Two of them, A.pehuenche and A.hugoi, have geographic distributions restricted to their type locality and surroundings. The Chilean government classifies A.pehuenche as Critically Endangered (like the IUCN) and A.hugoi as Vulnerable. In this study we report 16 new localities of Alsodes, corresponding to first order streams, located in the Andes of Chile between 35°58’ and 36°32’S (1800–2470 m). In some of these sites, adults and juveniles morphologically similar to A.pehuenche and A.hugoi were observed, as well as specimens of Alsodes that could not be identified by their external morphology. A Bayesian phylogenetic analysis with mitochondrial sequences (cytochrome b) was performed to identify the new populations to species level. All populations around 36°S belong to A.pehuenche, while most of those located south of that area would be A.hugoi. The exception is Cajón de Plaza (36°23’S), where specimens with sequences of A.hugoi or A.pehuenche coexist, whose taxonomic status could not be determined. These findings imply not only a westward range extension of A.pehuenche in Chile of about 14.5 km and of A.hugoi about 100 km southward, but also that practically all the first order streams of the Andes of central Chile would be inhabited by populations of Alsodes. Both results demonstrate the scarce biogeographic knowledge of the genus in the Andes, which has important implications for its conservation at local and species levels.

Taxonomic status of Andersen’s fruit-eating bat (Artibeus jamaicensis aequatorialis) and revised classification of Artibeus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2648 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER A. LARSEN ◽  
MARÍA R. MARCHÁN-RIVADENEIRA ◽  
ROBERT J. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Level ◽  
South American ◽  
Reciprocal Monophyly ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Artibeus Jamaicensis ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies

Fruit-eating bats of the genus Artibeus are widely distributed across the Neotropics and are one of the most recently evolved assemblages of the family Phyllostomidae. Although the taxonomy and systematics of species of Artibeus has been the subject of an intense historical debate, the most current taxonomic arrangements recognize approximately eleven species within the genus. However, recent phylogenetic studies indicate that species diversity within South and Middle American populations of Artibeus is underestimated. South American populations referable to A. jamaicensis aequatorialis are of considerable interest because previous studies of mitochondrial DNA variation identified potential species level variation west of the Andes Mountains. In this study we use morphometric and genetic data (nuclear AFLPs) to investigate the taxonomic status of A. j. aequatorialis. Our results indicate that elevating aequatorialis to species level is appropriate based on statistically supported reciprocal monophyly in mitochondrial and nuclear datasets and diagnostic morphological characters. In light of our results, and of those presented elsewhere, we provide a revised classification of the genus.

An enigmatic population of Alsodes (Anura, Alsodidae) from the Andes of central Chile with three species-level mitochondrial lineages

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Claudio Correa ◽  
Jesús Morales ◽  
Constantino Schussler ◽  
Juan C. Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Species Level ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
The Andes

scholarly journals Anoa, dwarf buffalo from Sulawesi, Indonesia: Identification based on DNA barcode

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1985-1992
Author(s):  
DWI SENDI PRIYONO ◽  
DEDY D. SOLIHIN ◽  
ACHMAD FARAJALLAH ◽  
DIAH IRAWATI DWI ARINI
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Taxonomic Problem ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit 1 ◽  
Taxonomic Studies

Priyono DS, Solihin DD, Farajallah A, Arini DID. 2018. Anoa, dwarf buffalo from Sulawesi, Indonesia: Identification based on DNA barcode. Biodiversitas 19: 1985-1992. Anoa is an endangered endemic species in Sulawesi. The controversial issue of anoa conservation until now is the taxonomic status of lowland and mountain anoa. This study aims to test the ability of DNA barcoding techniques to identify the taxonomy between mountain anoa and lowland anoa. A 681bp fragment of cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene was obtained and used to solve the molecular taxonomic problem and to resolve the phylogenetic relationships of the two types of anoa. Our results showed that the DNA barcode is useful in assigning the taxonomic position of anoa. In the phylogenetic tree, we found that the two types of anoa were in separate clades. We also found that based on the Kimura-2 parameter (K2P), the genetic distance between the two types of anoa showed higher values (3.4%) than the threshold of the separating species level. We, therefore, proposed that the binomial nomenclature for both types of lowland and mountain anoa are respectively Bubalus depressicornis and Bubalus quarlesi. We suggest that the use of DNA barcode techniques in anoa taxonomic studies and their implementation will be useful in conservation management

scholarly journals Two Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Mileewinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and a Phylogenetic Analysis

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 668
Author(s):  
Tinghao Yu ◽  
Yalin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Start Codon ◽  
Gene Arrangement ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Protein Coding

More studies are using mitochondrial genomes of insects to explore the sequence variability, evolutionary traits, monophyly of groups and phylogenetic relationships. Controversies remain on the classification of the Mileewinae and the phylogenetic relationships between Mileewinae and other subfamilies remain ambiguous. In this study, we present two newly completed mitogenomes of Mileewinae (Mileewa rufivena Cai and Kuoh 1997 and Ujna puerana Yang and Meng 2010) and conduct comparative mitogenomic analyses based on several different factors. These species have quite similar features, including their nucleotide content, codon usage of protein genes and the secondary structure of tRNA. Gene arrangement is identical and conserved, the same as the putative ancestral pattern of insects. All protein-coding genes of U. puerana began with the start codon ATN, while 5 Mileewa species had the abnormal initiation codon TTG in ND5 and ATP8. Moreover, M. rufivena had an intergenic spacer of 17 bp that could not be found in other mileewine species. Phylogenetic analysis based on three datasets (PCG123, PCG12 and AA) with two methods (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference) recovered the Mileewinae as a monophyletic group with strong support values. All results in our study indicate that Mileewinae has a closer phylogenetic relationship to Typhlocybinae compared to Cicadellinae. Additionally, six species within Mileewini revealed the relationship (U. puerana + (M. ponta + (M. rufivena + M. alara) + (M. albovittata + M. margheritae))) in most of our phylogenetic trees. These results contribute to the study of the taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships of Mileewinae.

scholarly journals Lassa Virus Circulation in Small Mammal Populations in Bo District, Sierra Leone

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Umaru Bangura ◽  
Jacob Buanie ◽  
Joyce Lamin ◽  
Christopher Davis ◽  
Gédéon Ngiala Bongo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Lassa Fever ◽  
Lassa Virus ◽  
Sierra Leonean ◽  
Bayesian Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Prevalent Species ◽  
Lineage Iv

Lassa fever is a viral hemorrhagic fever caused by the Lassa virus LASV, which was first isolated in the rodent Mastomys natalensis in 1974 in Kenema, Sierra Leone. As little is known about the abundance and the presence of LASV in rodents living in the Bo area, we carried out a small mammal longitudinal population survey. A standardized trapping session was performed in various habitats and seasons in six villages over two years (2014–2016) and samples collected were tested for arenavirus IgG and LASV. A Bayesian phylogenetic analysis was performed on sequences identified by PCR. A total of 1490 small mammals were collected, and 16 rodent species were identified, with M. natalensis (355, 24%) found to be the most prevalent species. Forty-one (2.8%) samples were IgG positive, and 31 of these were trapped in homes and 10 in surrounding vegetation. Twenty-nine of 41 seropositive rodents were M. natalensis. We detected four LASV by PCR in two villages, all found in M. natalensis. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the sequences were distributed within the Sierra Leonean clade within lineage IV, distinguishing a Bo sub-clade older than a Kenema sub-clade. Compared to other settings, we found a low abundance of M. natalensis and a low circulation of LASV in rodents in villages around Bo district.

The types of skippers described by Shu-Iti Murayama (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4801 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-290
Author(s):  
HIDEYUKI CHIBA ◽  
HIROSHI TSUKIYAMA ◽  
JIA-YUAN LIANG ◽  
SHOU-MING WANG ◽  
ZONG-YU SHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Subspecies Level ◽  
Subjective Synonym

Fifteen holotypes of Asian Hesperiidae taxa described by Shu-iti Murayama were examined, and their taxonomic status is discussed. We confirm that five are valid names while the rest are synonyms as indicated partially by previous authors. Valid species-level names are Aeromachus matudai (Murayama), Aeromachus bandaishanus Murayama & Shimonoya, Coladenia pinsbukana (Shimonoya & Murayama), and Sebastonyma suthepiana Murayama & Kimura. Valid subspecies-level name is Ochlodes yuchingkina Murayama & Shimonoya. In order to settle the taxonomic status of Pedesta masuriensis cuneomaculata Murayama, masuriensis and tali were studied morphologically and molecularly. As a result, we consider that masuriensis and tali are two different species and treat cuneomaculata as a junior subjective synonym of tali. 

scholarly journals Diversity unearthed by the estimated molecular phylogeny and ecologically quantitative characteristics of uncultured Ehrlichia bacteria in Haemaphysalis ticks, Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongru Su ◽  
Eri Onoda ◽  
Hitoshi Tai ◽  
Hiromi Fujita ◽  
Shigetoshi Sakabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Core Genome ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
Pcr Screening ◽  
Taxonomic Profiling ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics

AbstractEhrlichia species are obligatory intracellular bacteria transmitted by arthropods, and some of these species cause febrile diseases in humans and livestock. Genome sequencing has only been performed with cultured Ehrlichia species, and the taxonomic status of such ehrlichiae has been estimated by core genome-based phylogenetic analysis. However, many uncultured ehrlichiae exist in nature throughout the world, including Japan. This study aimed to conduct a molecular-based taxonomic and ecological characterization of uncultured Ehrlichia species or genotypes from ticks in Japan. We first surveyed 616 Haemaphysalis ticks by p28-PCR screening and analyzed five additional housekeeping genes (16S rRNA, groEL, gltA, ftsZ, and rpoB) from 11 p28-PCR-positive ticks. Phylogenetic analyses of the respective genes showed similar trees but with some differences. Furthermore, we found that V1 in the V1–V9 regions of Ehrlichia 16S rRNA exhibited the greatest variability. From an ecological viewpoint, the amounts of ehrlichiae in a single tick were found to equal approx. 6.3E+3 to 2.0E+6. Subsequently, core-partial-RGGFR-based phylogenetic analysis based on the concatenated sequences of the five housekeeping loci revealed six Ehrlichia genotypes, which included potentially new Ehrlichia species. Thus, our approach contributes to the taxonomic profiling and ecological quantitative analysis of uncultured or unidentified Ehrlichia species or genotypes worldwide.

scholarly journals Case of Human Infestation with Dermanyssus gallinae (Poultry Red Mite) from Swallows (Hirundinidae)

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Georgios Sioutas ◽  
Styliani Minoudi ◽  
Katerina Tiligada ◽  
Caterina Chliva ◽  
Alexandros Triantafyllidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Dermanyssus Gallinae ◽  
Poultry Red Mite ◽  
Human Form ◽  
Bayesian Phylogenetic Analysis

Dermanyssus gallinae (the poultry red mite, PRM) is an important ectoparasite in the laying hen industry. PRM can also infest humans, causing gamasoidosis, which is manifested as skin lesions characterized by rash and itching. Recently, there has been an increase in the reported number of human infestation cases with D. gallinae, mostly associated with the proliferation of pigeons in cities where they build their nests. The human form of the disease has not been linked to swallows (Hirundinidae) before. In this report, we describe an incident of human gamasoidosis linked to a nest of swallows built on the window ledge of an apartment in the island of Kefalonia, Greece. Mites were identified as D. gallinae using morphological keys and amplifying the Cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene by PCR. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis and median-joining network supported the identification of three PRM haplogroups and the haplotype isolated from swallows was identical to three PRM sequences isolated from hens in Portugal. The patient was treated with topical corticosteroids, while the house was sprayed with deltamethrin. After one week, the mites disappeared and clinical symptoms subsided. The current study is the first report of human gamasoidosis from PRM found in swallows’ nest.

A new species of Cynomops (Chiroptera: Molossidae) from the northwestern slope of the Andes

Mammalia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Arenas-Viveros ◽  
Pamela Sánchez-Vendizú ◽  
Alan Giraldo ◽  
Jorge Salazar-Bravo
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Mtdna Sequences ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Western Side ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Abstract The systematics and taxonomy of the broadly distributed bats of the genus Cynomops has changed considerably in the last few years. Among the major changes, Cynomops abrasus was split into two species of large-bodied forms (Cynomops mastivus and C. abrasus) distributed east of the Andes. However, large Colombian specimens identified as C. abrasus from the western side of the Andes had yet to be included in any revisionary work. Phylogenetic analysis performed in this study, using mtDNA sequences (Cytochrome-b), revealed that these Colombian individuals are more closely related to Cynomops greenhalli. Morphological and molecular data allowed us to recognize populations from western Colombia, western Ecuador and northwestern Peru, as members of a new species of Cynomops. Characters that allow for its differentiation from C. greenhalli include a larger forearm, paler but more uniform ventral pelage, more globular braincase, and well-developed zygomatic processes of the maxilla (almost reaching the postorbital constriction). This study serves as another example of the importance of including multiple lines of evidence in the recognition of a new species. Given its rarity and the advanced transformation of its habitat, this new species is particularly important from a conservation perspective.

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