Le foie gras ? Rien de plus naturel !

Books ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol N° 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-49
Author(s):  
Paul Levy ◽  
Baptiste Touverey
Keyword(s):  
1980 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-288
Author(s):  
Catherine Cazalet
Keyword(s):  

Rheumatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mads Ammitzbøll Danielsen ◽  
Daniel Glinatsi ◽  
Lene Terslev ◽  
Mikkel Østergaard

Abstract Objectives To develop and validate a new semiquantitative Fluorescence Optical Imaging (FOI) scoring system – the FOI Enhancement-Generated rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Score (FOIE-GRAS) for synovitis assessment in the hand. Methods The development of FOIE-GRAS was based on consensus of 4 experts in musculoskeletal imaging. Forty-six RA patients, eligible for treatment intensification and with ≥1 clinically swollen joint in the hands and 11 healthy controls were included. FOI, ultrasound and clinical assessment of both hands were obtained at baseline and for RA patients after 3- and 6-months’ follow-up. Twenty RA patients had an FOI rescan after 4 hours. Synovitis was scored using FOIE-GRAS and the OMERACT ultrasound synovitis scoring system. All FOI images were scored by 2 readers. Inter-scan, inter-and intra-reader reliability were determined. Furthermore, FOIE-GRAS agreement with ultrasound and responsiveness was assessed. Results FOIE-GRAS synovitis was defined as early enhancement and scores based on the degree of coverage of the specific joint region after 3 seconds (0–3). Inter-scan, intra- and inter-reader intraclass correlations coefficients (ICC) were good-excellent for all baseline scores (0.76-0.98) and moderate-to-good for change (0.65-76). The FOIE-GRAS had moderate agreement with ultrasound (ICC 0.30-0.54) for total score, a good standardized response mean (>0.80), and moderate correlation with clinical joint assessment and DAS28-CRP. The median (IQR) reading time per FOI examination was 133 (109;161) seconds. Scores were significantly lower in controls 1(0;4) than RA patients 11(6;19). Conclusion The FOIE-GRAS offers a feasible and reliable assessment of synovitis in RA, with a moderate correlation with ultrasound and DAS28CRP, and good responsiveness.


Hegel ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol N° 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Sylvain Béorchia ◽  
Patrick Delasalle ◽  
Corinne Bonny ◽  
Bertrand Hanslik
Keyword(s):  

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-134
Author(s):  
Angela R. Moore
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohre Mozduri ◽  
Nathalie Marty-Gasset ◽  
Bara Lo ◽  
Ali Akbar Masoudi ◽  
Mireille Morisson ◽  
...  

The foie gras is an emblematic product of French gastronomy composed of waterfowl fatty liver. The organoleptic qualities of this product depend on the liver characteristics such as liver weight (LW) and technological yield (TY) at cooking. One of the main issues for producers is to classify the foie gras with high or low technological quality before cooking them. Thus the study aims at identifying biomarkers of these characteristics with non-invasive biomarkers in duck. 1H-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance of the proton) analyses were performed on plasma of male mule ducks at different time points during the overfeeding period to obtain a large range of liver characteristics so as to identify plasmatic biomarkers of foie gras. We used two methods, one based on bucket data from the 1H-NMR spectra and another one based on the fingerprints of several metabolites. PLS analyses and Linear models were performed to identify biomarkers. We identified 18 biomarkers of liver weight and 15 biomarkers of technological yield. As these two quality parameters were strongly correlated (−0.82), 13 biomarkers were common. The lactate was the most important biomarker, the other were mainly amino acids. Contrary to the amino acids, the lactate increased with the liver weight and decreased with the technological yield. We also identified 5 biomarkers specific to LW (3 carbohydrates: glucuronic acid, mannose, sorbitol and 2 amino acids: glutamic acid and methionine) that were negatively correlated to liver weight. It was of main interest to identify 2 biomarkers specific to the technological yield. Contrary to the isovaleric acid, the valine was negatively correlated to the technological yield.


2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 403-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. BAÉZA ◽  
C. MARIE-ETANCELIN ◽  
S. DAVAIL ◽  
C. DIOT

Le foie gras des palmipèdes gavés est l’expression d’une stéatose hépatique d’origine nutritionnelle, hypertrophique, réversible et caractérisée par une accumulation de triglycérides dans les hépatocytes. Cette aptitude est favorisée par certaines particularités physiologiques et métaboliques des oiseaux en particulier un site prépondérant de synthèse des lipides qui est le foie et l’utilisation d’un aliment spécifique, le maïs riche en amidon et distribué en grandes quantités aux palmipèdes. Cet apport important de maïs va activer deux facteurs de transcription, SREBP-1c et ChREBP régulés respectivement par l’insuline et par le glucose, et qui vont agir ensuite sur la glycolyse et la lipogenèse. Toutefois, l’aptitude à la production de foie gras varie selon les espèces voire les souches de palmipèdes. Elle repose, essentiellement, sur une capacité de lipogenèse hépatique accrue, une capacité de sécrétion hépatique des triglycérides néo-synthétisés insuffisante et une capacité de captage des lipides circulants par les tissus périphériques limitée favorisant ainsi leur retour vers le foie et accentuant le développement de la stéatose. La sélection sur le poids de foie gras est efficace. Trois QTL agissant sur le poids de foie gras du canard mulard, ont été détectés sur les chromosomes 2, 9 et 21 de la cane commune. Par ailleurs, avec des conditions d’élevage et d’alimentation adaptées, les oies sont capables d’initier une stéatose hépatique spontanée. Cela constitue une perspective pour développer une production de foie gras sans recours au gavage.


1998 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérard Guy ◽  
Elisabeth Baeza ◽  
Marie Rose Salichon ◽  
Hervé Juin ◽  
Daniel Rousselot-Pailley
Keyword(s):  

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