Identification of Plasmatic Biomarkers of Foie Gras Qualities in Duck by Metabolomics

The foie gras is an emblematic product of French gastronomy composed of waterfowl fatty liver. The organoleptic qualities of this product depend on the liver characteristics such as liver weight (LW) and technological yield (TY) at cooking. One of the main issues for producers is to classify the foie gras with high or low technological quality before cooking them. Thus the study aims at identifying biomarkers of these characteristics with non-invasive biomarkers in duck. 1H-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance of the proton) analyses were performed on plasma of male mule ducks at different time points during the overfeeding period to obtain a large range of liver characteristics so as to identify plasmatic biomarkers of foie gras. We used two methods, one based on bucket data from the 1H-NMR spectra and another one based on the fingerprints of several metabolites. PLS analyses and Linear models were performed to identify biomarkers. We identified 18 biomarkers of liver weight and 15 biomarkers of technological yield. As these two quality parameters were strongly correlated (−0.82), 13 biomarkers were common. The lactate was the most important biomarker, the other were mainly amino acids. Contrary to the amino acids, the lactate increased with the liver weight and decreased with the technological yield. We also identified 5 biomarkers specific to LW (3 carbohydrates: glucuronic acid, mannose, sorbitol and 2 amino acids: glutamic acid and methionine) that were negatively correlated to liver weight. It was of main interest to identify 2 biomarkers specific to the technological yield. Contrary to the isovaleric acid, the valine was negatively correlated to the technological yield.

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Application of Metabolomics to Identify Hepatic Biomarkers of Foie Gras Qualities in Duck

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2021.694809 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Zohre Mozduri ◽

Bara Lo ◽

Nathalie Marty-Gasset ◽

Ali Akbar Masoudi ◽

Julien Arroyo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽

Plasma Membrane ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Liver Weight ◽

Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽

High Fat ◽

H Nmr ◽

Main Challenge ◽

Technological Quality ◽

Foie Gras

Foie gras is a traditional dish in France that contains 50 to 60% of lipids. The high-fat content of the liver improves the organoleptic qualities of foie gras and reduces its technological yield at cooking (TY). As the valorization of the liver as foie gras products is strongly influenced by the TY, classifying the foie gras in their potential technological quality before cooking them is the main challenge for producers. Therefore, the current study aimed to identify hepatic biomarkers of foie gras qualities like liver weight (LW) and TY. A group of 120 male mule ducks was reared and overfed for 6–12 days, and their livers were sampled and analyzed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). Eighteen biomarkers of foie gras qualities were identified, nine for LW and TY, five specific to LW, and four specific to TY. All biomarkers were strongly negatively correlated to the liver weights and positively correlated to the technological yield, except for the lactate and the threonine, and also for the creatine that was negatively correlated to foie gras technological quality. As a result, in heavy livers, the liver metabolism was oriented through a reduction of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolisms, and the plasma membrane could be damaged, which may explain the low technological yield of these livers. The detected biomarkers have been strongly discussed with the metabolism of the liver in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

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Slightly different metabolomic profiles are associated with high or low weights duck foie gras

10.1101/2021.08.04.455120 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Herve REMIGNON ◽

Bara LO ◽

Nathalie Marty-Gasset ◽

Helene Manse ◽

Cecile Canlet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Liver ◽

Lipid Synthesis ◽

Liver Weight ◽

Liver Metabolism ◽

Important Change ◽

Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽

H Nmr ◽

Low Weight ◽

Aerobic Energy Metabolism ◽

Foie Gras

Understanding the evolution of fatty liver metabolism of ducks is a recurrent issue for researchers and industry. Indeed, the increase in weight during the overfeeding period leads to an important change in the liver metabolism. However, liver weight is highly variable at the end of overfeeding within a batch of animals reared, force-fed and slaughtered in the same way. For this study, we performed a proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR) analysis on two classes of fatty liver samples, called low-weight liver (weight between 550 and 599 g) and high-weight liver (weight above 700 g). The aim of this study was to identify the differences in metabolism between two classes of liver weight (low and high). Firstly, the results showed that increased liver weight is associated with higher glucose uptake leading to greater lipid synthesis. Secondly, this increase is probably also due to a decline in the level of export of triglycerides and cholesterol from the liver by maintaining them at high hepatic concentration levels. Finally, the increase in liver weight could lead to a significant decrease in the efficiency of aerobic energy metabolism associated with a significant increase in the level of oxidative stress.

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Considerations of the technological quality assessment of sugarbeet

Sugar Industry ◽

10.36961/si11041 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 85-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Giorgio Pezzi

Keyword(s):

Quality Parameters ◽

Northern Italy ◽

Glucose Content ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Interesting Correlation ◽

Technological Quality ◽

Thick Juice

No real improvement in the technological quality of beet has been recorded over the last 15 years in Northern Italy. Among the possible explanations for the quality stagnation is that the traditional formulae cannot correctly differentiate between sugarbeet varieties which produce thick juice of very high purity. This seems to be connected with the role of potassium. The use of a standard purification procedure gives reliable and accurate data which is immediately comparable with the factory data. Research projects on medium/long term storage are currently being performed by Co.Pro.B., Italy, in cooperation with Syngenta and Beta. Up to now the results have shown that storage of sugarbeet in autumn time in northern Italy is possible provided that suitable varieties and proper handling of the roots are employed. Results obtained in the storage trials are reported. Correlations have been found between quality parameters (purity, color and lime salts) of the purified juice with the glucose content of the raw juice. An interesting correlation is reported between purified juice purity and raw juice purity.

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Putative imbalanced amino acid metabolism in rainbow trout long term fed a plant-based diet as revealed by 1H-NMR metabolomics

Journal of Nutritional Science ◽

10.1017/jns.2021.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Catherine Deborde ◽

Blandine Madji Hounoum ◽

Annick Moing ◽

Mickaël Maucourt ◽

Daniel Jacob ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Rainbow Trout ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Amino Acid Content ◽

Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽

Free Form ◽

Metabolomic Analysis ◽

Nmr Metabolomics ◽

H Nmr

Abstract The long-term effect of a plant (P)-based diet was assessed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) metabolomics in rainbow trout fed a marine fish meal (FM)–fish oil (FO) diet (M), a P-based diet and a control commercial-like diet (C) starting with the first feeding. Growth performances were not heavily altered by long-term feeding on the P-based diet. An 1H-NMR metabolomic analysis of the feed revealed significantly different soluble chemical compound profiles between the diets. A set of soluble chemical compounds was found to be specific either to the P-based diet or to the M diet. Pterin, a biomarker of plant feedstuffs, was identified both in the P-based diet and in the plasma of fish fed the P-based diet. 1H-NMR metabolomic analysis on fish plasma and liver and muscle tissues at 6 and 48 h post feeding revealed significantly different profiles between the P-based diet and the M diet, while the C diet showed intermediate results. A higher amino acid content was found in the plasma of fish fed the P-based diet compared with the M diet after 48 h, suggesting either a delayed delivery of the amino acids or a lower amino acid utilisation in the P-based diet. This was associated with an accumulation of essential amino acids and the depletion of glutamine in the muscle, together with an accumulation of choline in the liver. Combined with an anticipated absorption of methionine and lysine supplemented in free form, the present results suggest an imbalanced essential amino acid supply for protein metabolism in the muscle and for specific functions of the liver.

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Metallkomplexe mit biologisch wichtigen Liganden, CXLVI [1]. Bis(allyl)-N,O-α-Aminocarboxylat-Rhodium-Komplexe / Metal Complexes of Biologically Important Ligands, CXLVI [1]. Bis(allyl)-N,O-α-Aminocarboxylate-Rhodium Complexes

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B ◽

10.1515/znb-2002-0714 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 57 (7) ◽

pp. 810-818 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Walter Ponikwar ◽

Peter Mayer ◽

Wolfgang Beck

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Metal Complexes ◽

Dynamic Behaviour ◽

Rhodium Complexes ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

H Nmr

The reactions of [(η3-C3H5)2Rh-μ-Cl]2 with the anions of α-amino acids (glycine, L-alanine, L-valine, L-isoleucine, L-proline, L-phenylalanine, L-phenylglycine, L-thyrosine) afford the N,O-chelates (η3-C3H5)2Rh(α-amino carboxylate). For complex (η3-C3H5)2Rh(glycinate) dynamic behaviour in solution could be observed by 1H NMR. The structure of (η3-C3H5)2Rh(L-prolinate) was determined by X-ray diffraction.

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Comparative Study on Quality Parameters of Royal Jelly, Apilarnil and Queen Bee Larvae Triturate

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Animal Science and Biotechnologies ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-asb:12622 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 51

Author(s):

Rodica MARGAOAN ◽

Liviu Alexandru MARGHITAS ◽

Daniel Severus DEZMIREAN ◽

Otilia BOBIS ◽

Victorita BONTA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Royal Jelly ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Total Protein Content ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Long Time ◽

Soxhlet Method ◽

Kjeldahl Method

Given their beneficial effects in terms of health, the natural products, especially beehive products, have drawn the attention of consumers since long time ago. In order to guarantee the quality of these products on the market, their chemical composition needs to be analyzed. Thus, this current research had as objective the establishment of quality parameters for beehive brood food derived products: apilarnil and queen bee larvae triturate. These two products were compared with royal jelly which is the basis of brood food in the first 3 days of larval stage. The carbohydrates were determined by HPLC-IR and allowed the identification of seven carbohydrate compounds, predominantly glucose, fructose and sucrose. The lipid profile was analyzed by the Soxhlet method. The total protein content was determined by the Kjeldahl method. Free amino acids were analyzed by LC-MS. A total of 31 amino acids were identified of which nine are essential amino acids for humans.Â

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Transportation of juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) in a closed system

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/s1519-69842006000300015 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 66 (2a) ◽

pp. 493-502 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

L. C. Gomes ◽

C. A. R. M. Araujo-Lima ◽

A. R. Chippari-Gomes ◽

R. Roubach

Keyword(s):

Linear Models ◽

Condition Factor ◽

Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽

General Linear Model ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Colossoma Macropomum ◽

Time Period ◽

Plastic Bag ◽

Closed Systems ◽

Fish Survival

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of density, duration and the use of additives to the water during the transportation of juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) and use of this data to establish a safe transportation protocol for the species. The tested products and dosages were: salt (1000, 2000 and 3000 mg/L), gypsum (100, 300 and 500 mg/L) and benzocaine (10, 20 and 30 mg/L). Fish were transported in closed systems (plastic bag) at different densities and time periods of up to 24 h. Fish survival (FS) and water quality parameters were monitored immediately after transportation. The remaining fish were kept in floating cages in order to evaluate mortality which occurred up to 96 h after transportation (S96). The best fish density, additives dosages and time period of the transportation was estimated with a general linear model. The effect of the condition factor on FS and S96 was also evaluated. As expected, FS and S96 were significantly related to time and density. FS but not S96, were also were significantly related to treatment. FS with gypsum treatment was not different from controls and FS with table salt and benzocaine treatments were significantly reduced. The condition factor was not related to either FS or S96. FS was inversely correlated with carbon dioxide concentration. It was concluded that the additives did not improve fish transportation survival. Linear models were developed to predict the best transportation densities as a function of time.

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Penambahan Lisin pada Pakan Komersial terhadap Retensi Protein dan Retensi Energi Ikan Bawal Air Tawar (Colossoma macropomum) [Lysine Addition on Commercial Feed to the Protein Retention and Energy Retention Colossoma macropomum]

Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan ◽

10.20473/jipk.v9i2.7637 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 98 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Afifa Khalida ◽

Agustono Agustono ◽

Widya Paramita

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

The Body ◽

Colossoma Macropomum ◽

Protein Retention ◽

Body Tissues ◽

Commercial Feed ◽

Energy Retention ◽

Range Test

AbstrakAsam amino adalah komponen terkecil yang menyusun protein. Sejumlah asam amino akan dihubungkan satu sama lain melalui perantara ikatan peptida untuk membentuk protein. Asam amino telah dibagi menjadi dua; yaitu asam amino esensial dan asam amino non-esensial. Asam amino esensial adalah asam amino yang tidak dapat disintesis oleh tubuh ikan; karena itu asam amino esensial harus ada dalam pakan. Lisin adalah salah satu dari sepuluh asam amino esensial, fungsi lisin adalah untuk pertumbuhan dan perbaikan jaringan tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lisin dalam pakan komersial terhadap retensi protein dan retensi energi ikan bawal air tawar. Metode yang digunakan adalah desain eksperimen rancangan acak lengkap. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah kadar lisin yang berbeda, yaitu P0 (0%), P1 (0,6%), P2 (1,2%), P3 (2,4%), P4 (4,8%) dan perlakuan diulang 4 kali. Parameter utama yang diamati adalah retensi protein dan retensi energi pada air tawar bawal. Parameter yang diukur didukung oleh parameter kualitas air. Analisis data menggunakan Analisis Varian (ANOVA) dan untuk menentukan perlakuan terbaik digunakan Duncan's multiple range test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan (p <0,05) dalam retensi protein dan energi adalah daging ikan bawal air tawar. Retensi protein dan retensi energi dalam pengobatan P1 (0,6% lisin), P2 (1,2% lisin), P3 (2,4% lisin) dan P4 (4,8% lisin) berbeda secara signifikan dengan perlakuan P0 (kontrol). Kualitas air selama 40 hari perlakuan ditetapkan pada suhu 27-300 C, pH 7,5-8,5, amonia 4 mg / l dan oksigen terlarut 4 mg / l. AbstractAmino acids are the smallest components that compose proteins. A number of amino acids will be conducted to one another through the intermediary of peptide bonds to form proteins. Amino acids have divided into two; those are essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids. The essential amino acids are amino acids that can not be synthesized by the body of fish; therefore the essential amino acids must be in feed. Lysine is one of the ten essentials amino acids , the function of lysine are for the growth and repair body tissues. This research was aimed to determine the effect of lysine in commercial feed on protein retention and energy retention of freshwater Bawal.The method used is experiment with a completely randomized design as an experimental design. The treatment used is different lysine levels , namely P0 ( 0 % ) , P1 ( 0.6 % ) , P2 ( 1.2 % ) , P3 ( 2.4 % ) , P4 (4.8 % ) and treatment was repeated 4 times. The main parameters were observed protein retention and energy retention on Bawal fresh water. Parameters measured were supported by water quality parameters. Analysis of the data using Analysis of Varian ( ANOVA ) and to determine the best treatment used Duncan 's multiple range test. The results showed the significant differences ( p < 0.05 ) in protein retention and energy were freshwater pomfret fish meat. Retention of protein and energy retention in treatment P1 ( 0.6 % lysine ) , P2 ( 1.2 % lysine ) , P3 ( 2.4 % lysine ) and P4 ( 4.8 % lysine ) was significantly different with treatment P0 ( control ). The quality of water for 40 days treatment was set to temperature 27-300 C, pH 7.5-8.5, ammonia 4 mg/l and dissolved oxygen 4 mg/l.

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Amino Acid Characteristics of Nigerian Local Cheese (‘Wara’)

10.47363/jftns/2021(3)116 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Adeyeye EI ◽

◽

Idowu OT ◽

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Essential Amino Acid ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Amino Acid Requirements ◽

Excellent Source ◽

Better Than

This article reports the amino acid composition of the Nigerian local cheese called ‘wara’. ‘Wara’ is made by boiling cow milk with some added coagulant to cuddle the milk protein resulting in coagulated milk protein and whey. ‘Wara’ used to be an excellent source of nutrients such as proteins, fats, minerals and vitamins. Samples were purchased in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Amino acid values were high (g/100g crude protein) in Leu, Asp, Glu, Pro, Phe, Arg with total value of 97.7. The quality parameters of the amino acids were: TEAA (42.6g/100g and 43.6%) whereas TNEAA (55.1g/100g and 56.4%); TArAA (12.8g/100g and 13.1%); TBAA (14.2g/100g and 14.5%); TSAA (3.10g/100g and 3.17%); %Cys in TSAA (51.4); Leu/Ile ratio (1.74); P-PER1 (2.65); P-PER2 (2.48); P-PER3 (2.41); EAAI1 (soybean standard) (1.29) and EAAI2 (egg standard) (99.9); BV (97.2) and Lys/Trp ratio (3.62). The statistical analysis of TEAA/TNEAA at r=0.01 was not significantly different. On the amino acid scores, Met was limiting (0.459) at egg comparison, Lys was limiting at both FAO/WHO [24] and preschool EAA requirements with respective values of 0.966 and 0.97. Estimates of essential amino acid requirements at ages 10-12 years (mg/kg/day) showed the ‘wara’ sample to be better than the standard by 3.72-330% with Lys (3.72%) being least better and Trp (330%) being most. The results showed that ‘wara’ is protein-condensed which can be eaten as raw cheese, flavoured snack, sandwich filling or fried cake.

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