Sub-chronic (28-days) Toxicity Study of Hydroalcohol Stem Bark Extract of Bridelia ferruginea (Euphorbiaceae) on Wistar Rat

Sacoglottis gabonensis is a medicinal plant used traditionally for the treatment of Buruli ulcer in Côte d’Ivoire. To ensure its effect over a long period of use, assessment of the total aqueous stem bark extract of S. gabonensis (ETASg) on anatomo-histology of Wistar rat liver, kidneys and heart was evaluated. ETASg was administered to Wistar rats at doses of 3.5; 35 and 350 mg/kg/day for 90 days. The liver of rats treated with ETASg at 35 and 350 mg/kg showed color and appearance changes with whitish nodules. Furthermore, histological architecture revealed micro-vesicular steatosis. In contrast, gross examination did not showed any change color and appearance of the kidneys and heart of the rats tested at all doses of ETASg compared to those of control rats. Histological sections of the kidneys and heart of rats tested at all doses of ETASg showed normal kidney and heart cells. After stopping the administration, the liver abnormalities disappeared at the end of the 120 days. This study revealed that the integrity of the liver tissue is preserved only with ETASg of 3.5 mg/kg. On the other hand, it is guaranteed at all the doses studied for the renal and cardiac tissues.

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Acute and Sub-chronic Toxicity Studies on Methanol Stem Bark Extract of Frankincense Tree (Boswellia dalzielii) and Leaves Extract of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus)

Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ◽

10.9734/ajbgmb/2020/v6i430160 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 33-38

Author(s):

S. Salihu ◽

C. A. Otitolaiye ◽

M. U. Hizbullah

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Chronic Toxicity ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Stem Bark Extract ◽

Oral Acute Toxicity

Aim: Frankincense tree (Boswellia dalzielii) and Kenaf (H. cannabinus) are plants abundantly found in north-western Nigeria. These plants are very popular among the locals as potent sources of ethno medicine. The present study investigates the oral acute toxicity potentials of methanolic stem bark extract of frankincense tree and Kenaf leaves, as well as sub-chronic toxicity potentials of the plants extracts on the kidney and liver of Albino rats. Study Design: Laboratory-experimental design was used for this study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out between September 2019 and November 2019 at Biochemistry laboratory, Sokoto State University, Sokoto, Nigeria. Methodology: For the oral acute toxicity study, the revised “Up and Down” test (Limit Dose Test) was used to determine the LD50 of the extracts. For sub-chronic toxicity study, twenty albino rats were used for each plant, and were divided into four groups of five animals each. Group I (control), Group II (received 200 mg extract/kg body weight), Group III (received 400 mg extract/kg body weight) and Group IV (received 800 mg extract/kg body weight). All administrations were given orally for 28 days. Liver and kidney markers were determined using standard methods. Result: The oral acute toxicity test of the plant extracts at 3000 mg/kg body weight showed no mortality for 24 hours and subsequent 14days of administration. LD50 for both plants is therefore greater than 3000 mg/kg. The result shows no significant differences (p > 0.05) on liver and kidney function biomarkers investigated when Group II, III and IV are compared with control. Conclusion: This suggests that Frankincense stem bark and kenaf leaves extracts may be safe in rats at doses less than or equal 3000 mg/kg.

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Testiculo-Protective Effect of Stem Bark Extract of Enantia chlorantha on Lead Induced Toxicity in Adult Wistar Rat (Rattus norvergicus)

Reproductive System & Sexual Disorders ◽

10.4172/2161-038x.1000107 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 01 (02) ◽

Author(s):

Oyewopo AO Saalu LC

Keyword(s):

Protective Effect ◽

Wistar Rat ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Stem Bark Extract

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Effects of Ethanol Extract of Bridelia ferruginea (W.) on the Haematological and Histopathological Parameters in Swiss Albino Rats Infected with Salmonella typhi

South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology ◽

10.9734/sajrm/2020/v7i230165 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Busayo Temitope Akinyele ◽

Ebenezer Oluyemi Dada

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Red Blood Cell ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Bridelia Ferruginea ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Stem Bark Extract

Aims: To study the effects of ethanol stem bark extract of Bridelia ferruginea on the hematological and histopathological parameters in Swiss albino rats infected with Salmonella typhi. Study Design: Experimental design. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. Between January, 2018 and June, 2018. Methodology: Fresh stem bark of Bridelia ferruginea was collected, dried, powered, and extracted using 70% ethanol. Twenty – seven rats of the same age between 90 -120 g in weight were selected and divided into 9 groups containing three each. The infectivity dose (ID) was determined with the clinical S. typhi. The dose of the B. ferruginea stem bark extract (50-5000 mg/kg) used in this study was administered orally for 7 days. At the end of the treatment period, the rats fasted overnight. Then blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture for haematological studies and thereafter sacrificed. Organs (liver and kidney) were excised for relative organ weight analysis and histopathological studies. Results: The infectious dose (ID) of S. typhi on experimental rats in this study was 3.2x106cfu/ml. The weights of liver and kidney in all groups under observation slightly increases (treated with ciprofloxacin and ethanol extract) when compared to the control(uninfected) except for the infected/treated where the weight was significantly reduced. However, The Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and Haemoglobin (Hb) of rats treated with a higher dose of the ethanol (5000mg/ml) extract increased significantly (p<0.05) when compared to the control(uninfected) while the infected but not treated reduced significantly(p<0.05) when compared with the uninfected, infected and treated with Ciprofloxacin and extract groups. The infected and untreated group has the highest reduction in red blood cell counts(RBC) with 3.40 g/l respectively which were significantly different at p when compared to other treatment groups while a non-significant decrease was observed in the Red Blood Cell (RBC) of rats administered with various concentrations of ethanol extract and ciprofloxacin after treatment. White Blood Cells (WBC) of rats given the extract significantly reduced when compared with the control (un-infected) group while there was no significant difference in the lymphocyte count of rat administered the extract of B. ferruginea and ciprofloxacin. Neutrophils of rats in all groups significantly increased (p<0.05). However, the monocyte and eosinophil level were not significantly different from the control. There was dilation of sinusoids depletion separating the hepatic cord in place lined by kupffer cells and not necrosis with possible deposition of immunological materials observed in the liver of rats infected/treated with the extract at various concentrations. Similarly, there were loss of bowman capsule, severe karyolysis and several tubular drainages with possible deposition of immunological materials in the glomeruli basement of the kidney after treatment with the extract of B. ferruginea. Conclusion: The stem bark ethanol extract of Bridelia ferruginea can be found relatively safe. However, excessive use might be toxic to the to the kidney and the liver.

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Pharmaceutical Characterization of Aqueous Stem Bark Extract of Bridelia ferruginea Benth (Euphorbiaceae)

Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.4314/tjpr.v11i4.15 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

Author(s):

CC Mbah ◽

PF Builders ◽

GC Akuodor ◽

OO Kunle

Keyword(s):

Stem Bark ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Bridelia Ferruginea ◽

Stem Bark Extract

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In-vivo Anti-typhoid Activities of Ethanol Stem Bark Extract of Bridelia ferruginea (Wild) in Albino Rats Infected with Salmonella typhi

Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.9734/jamps/2020/v22i530170 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 10-20

Author(s):

Ebenezer Oluyemi Dada ◽

Busayo Temitope Akinyele

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Bridelia Ferruginea ◽

Stem Bark Extract

Aims: To study the In-vivo anti-typhoid activities of ethanol stem bark extract of Bridelia ferruginea in albino rats infected with Salmonella typhi. Study Design: Experimental design. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. Between January, 2019 and June, 2019. Methodology: Fresh stem bark of Bridelia ferruginea were collected, dried, powered and extracted using 70% ethanol. Twenty – seven rats of same age between 90 -120 g in weight were selected and divided into 9 groups containing three each. The infectivity dose (ID) was determined with the clinical S. typhi. After which the rats were infected and orally administered various standard doses of the B. ferruginea stem bark extract (50-5000 mg/kg) accordingly for 7 days. During the treatment period, the fecal samples were collected to monitor the ability of the extract to reduce the fecal shedding of S. typhi. Also, the rats were weighed daily to establish the effect of treatment on their metabolism. Results: Ethanol extract of B. ferruginea Stem bark at concentrations of 50 mg/ml – 100 mg/ml, didn’t produce any zone of inhibition but from 300-5000mg/ml produce zone of inhibition (ZI) at 2.00-18.33 mm (P< 0.05) on culture of clinical S. typhi isolate and on typed S. typhi isolate zones of inhibitions were seen at concentrations 50mg/ml-5000mg/ml, it produced ZI of 8.00 – 26.19 mm(P< 0.05). Minimum inhibitory concentration of the ethanol extract on the clinical S. typhiis 300mg/ml while on the typed isolate the minimum inhibitory concentration of the ethanol extract was 2600 mg/ml on ethanol extract respectively. The MBC for the two S. typhi isolates were 300 mg/ml and 1000 mg/ml respectively. The in-vivo investigation showed the ethanol extract of B. ferruginea stem bark on S. typhi colony forming units per ml (cfu/ml) of suspensions of faeces of infected rats and treated with the ethanol extract of B. ferruginea stem bark decreased significantly (P< 0.05) as the days of the treatment increased while the cfu/ml of the infected but untreated group significantly (P< 0.05) increased. There were no significant (P< 0.05) difference between weights of S. typhi un-infected, infected rats treated with Ciprofloxacin and ethanol extract of B. ferruginea stem bark but weight of the untreated group significantly (P< 0.05) decreased. Preliminary phytochemical screening of stem bark of Bridelia ferruginea ethanol extract revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides and terpenoid were pharmacological importance. Conclusion: The in-vivo anti- typhoid activity of stem-bark ethanol extract of Bridelia ferruginea was found to be relatively safe against Salmonella typhi.

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