Multi-genetic Analysis of Colletotrichum spp. Associated with Postharvest Disease of Fruits Anthracnose in Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Colletotrichum spp. are important pathogens of citrus that cause dieback of branches and postharvest disease. Globally, several species of Colletotrichum have been identified as causing anthracnose of citrus. One hundred and sixty-eight Colletotrichum isolates were collected from anthracnose symptoms on citrus stems, leaves, and fruit from Victoria, New South Wales, and Queensland, and from State herbaria in Australia. Colletotrichum australianum sp. nov., C. fructicola, C. gloeosporioides, C. karstii, C. siamense, and C. theobromicola were identified using multi-gene phylogenetic analyses based on seven genomic loci (ITS, gapdh, act, tub2, ApMat, gs, and chs-1) in the gloeosporioides complex and five genomic loci (ITS, tub2, act, chs-1, and his3) in the boninense complex, as well as morphological characters. Several isolates pathogenic to chili (Capsicum annuum), previously identified as C. queenslandicum, formed a clade with the citrus isolates described here as C. australianum sp. nov. The spore shape and culture characteristics of the chili and citrus isolates of C. australianum were similar and differed from those of C. queenslandicum. This is the first report of C. theobromicola isolated from citrus and the first detection of C. karstii and C. siamense associated with citrus anthracnose in Australia.

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Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Sirih dan Metode Ekstraksinya Dalam Menghambat Penyakit Antraknosa pada Cabai Pascapanen

Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia ◽

10.14692/jfi.15.6.213-227 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 213-227

Author(s):

Desi Trisnawati ◽

Lilik Pujantoro Eko Nugroho ◽

Efi Toding Tondok

Keyword(s):

Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽

Postharvest Disease ◽

Piper Betle ◽

Botanical Pesticides ◽

Anthracnose Disease ◽

Betel Leaf ◽

Colletotrichum Spp ◽

Fungus Growth

Extract of Piper betle as An Inhibitor of Anthracnose Postharvest Disease on Chili Pepper Chili is a horticultural commodity that mostly needed by consumers in the fresh condition. However, there is an interval of time needed to deliver it from producers (farmers) to consumers. During the supply chain, deterioration of the quality of chilli fruit can occur by the presence of anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum spp. The use of syntetic fungicides to control anthracnose disease is not recommended because it will leave residues that are harmful to consumers. The alternative that can be done is to use botanical pesticides as fungicides. The aim of this research is to study the potential of Piper betle leaves extract (PLE) in inhibiting the development of the antracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum acutatum on the chili during storage. The sequences of this research were strarted with production of PLE by boiling method which was preceded by blanching, chopping, and without treatment of betel leaves, then bioassay of betel extract by measuring the diameter of fungus growth on PDA+ PLE. The third test was application of PLE on fresh chili fruits by spraying and soaking, continued by observed the antracnoseinsidence on chili during storage time (21 days). The results showed that the chopping method was the best betel leaf extraction method among other treatments, the use of 10% PLE concentration was the most effective concentration in inhibiting the growth of C. acutatum in vitro, spraying treatment using 10% EDS was the most effective in inhibited the insidence of anthracnose disease.

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Morphological and Molecular Identification of Colletotrichum spp. Associated with Chili Anthracnose Disease in Yogyakarta Region

Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia ◽

10.22146/jpti.58955 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 161

Author(s):

Dhika Sri Anggrahini ◽

Arif Wibowo ◽

Siti Subandiyah

Keyword(s):

Size Range ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Pathogenicity Test ◽

Yield Losses ◽

Anthracnose Disease ◽

Central Java ◽

Different Types ◽

Colletotrichum Scovillei ◽

Colletotrichum Spp ◽

Special Region

Colletotrichum sp., the causal agent of anthracnose disease, is one of the important pathogenic fungi in chili which can cause considerable yield losses, especially during the rainy season. This study aimed to identify the species of Colletotrichum isolates obtained from chili cultivation area in The Special Region of Yogyakarta Province both morphologically and molecularly. As a comparison, a Colletotrichum isolate obtained from Magelang Regency, Central Java Province was used as comparison isolate. From the isolation result, it was obtained 14 isolates of Colletotrichum that generally had conidia that were fusiform to cylindrical with two pointed or slightly blunt ends, or crescent shapes with a various size range between 9.02-19.38 µm x 2.37–8.57 µm. Based on morphological observations using UPGMA analysis, these 14 isolates could be divided into 4 groups with 7 different types. Representative isolates of each type in different groups and a comparison isolate were identified molecularly by multi-gene analysis using the ITS1-4, gapdh and tub2 genes. The result showed that B1, G1, K2 and Mg isolates were closely related to Colletotrichum scovillei, J1 with C. truncatum; S1 and S2 with C. siamense; and J2 with C. makassarii. From the pathogenicity test on wounded chili, it showed that C. scovillei and C. siamense isolates had higher virulence than C. truncatum and C. makassarii isolates.

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