Evaluation of Relationship Between Iron Status and Pulmonary and Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Case-control Study

Bangladesh ranks sixth among higher TB burden countries. Extra-pulmonary TB contributes 12% of all tuberculosis cases in 2008. Risk factors for EPTB in Bangladesh are hypothesized to be different from pulmonary tuberculosis as seen in other high-burden countries. A case control study was conducted to compare the sociodemographic, household condition and lifestyle characteristics between extra pulmonary and pulmonary tuberculosis. This case control study was conducted in thirteen sub districts of Pabna, Shirajgonj and Coxs Bazar districts from January to June 2013. The samples were classified as either extra pulmonary tuberculosis EPTB (cases) or pulmonary tuberculosis PTB (controls). A total of 490 participants including 245 extra pulmonary tuberculosis (cases) and 245 pulmonary tuberculosis (controls), who were being enrolled in DOTS treatment for last six months, were interviewed for epidemiological and clinical information using a standardized questionnaire. Children, adolescent and younger adults had four-time higher risk of being manifested with extra pulmonary tuberculosis [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.97; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.10 to 14.35] and (AOR 4.50; 95% CI 1.48 to 13.72). Respondents, who lived in their own houses showed three times more chance of getting extra pulmonary disease (AOR 3.11; 95% CI 1.15 to 8.39). Extra pulmonary tuberculosis was seven to eight times more likely to occur among those whose resided in bedrooms ventilated with one (p= .001) or more windows (p =.004) and having window shutter made of glasses or wood slit raised the probability of getting extra pulmonary involvement by twenty times. Households using grain husk and leaves as cooking fuel revealed seven times higher chance of being manifested as extra pulmonary tuberculosis (P <.001). Extra pulmonary cases were three times more common among respondents, who had no history of exposure with known tuberculosis cases than those who had frequent exposure history (AOR 3.01; 95% CI 1.24 to 7.34). Extra pulmonary tuberculosis was found 1.5 times more common among BCG vaccinated respondents than pulmonary tuberculosis (AOR 1.66; 95% CI 1.06 to 2.58). Younger age, house ownership, bedroom ventilation, fuel material used for cooking, contact history and BCG vaccination status might be the important risk factors for the extra pulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis relative to pulmonary tuberculosis.

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Blood-based host biomarker diagnostics in active case finding for pulmonary tuberculosis: A diagnostic case-control study

EClinicalMedicine ◽

10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100776 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 100776

Author(s):

Flora Martinez Figueira Moreira ◽

Renu Verma ◽

Paulo Cesar Pereira dos Santos ◽

Alessandra Leite ◽

Andrea da Silva Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Case Finding ◽

Active Case Finding ◽

Active Case ◽

Control Study

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Diabetes mellitus and its influence on sputum smear positivity at the 2nd month of treatment among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: A case control study

International Journal of Mycobacteriology ◽

10.1016/j.ijmyco.2015.09.003 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 323-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Noorsuzana Mohd Shariff ◽

Nazarudin Safian

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Sputum Smear ◽

Kuala Lumpur ◽

Tuberculosis Patients ◽

Control Study

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Air Pollution and Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Nested Case–Control Study among Members of a Northern California Health Plan

Environmental Health Perspectives ◽

10.1289/ehp.1408166 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 124 (6) ◽

pp. 761-768 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Geneé S. Smith ◽

Stephen K. Van Den Eeden ◽

Cynthia Garcia ◽

Jun Shan ◽

Roger Baxter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Health Plan ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Northern California ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study

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Role of iron metabolism in pulmonary tuberculosis: a case control study in Katra

International Journal of Scientific Reports ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20211946 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chandan Sharma ◽

Ashima Badyal

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Serum Ferritin ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Bacterial Load ◽

Infectious Agent ◽

Living Organism ◽

Case Control ◽

Jammu And Kashmir ◽

Fe Homeostasis ◽

Control Study

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) disease still carries an appreciable mortality, representing the world’s second leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. In a living organism, iron (Fe) is an essential micronutrient, as a co-factor of enzymes and involved in various cellular functions. Fe homeostasis is maintained by various mechanisms is disturbed in diseased. The aim of study was estimating the Fe metabolism in pulmonary tuberculosis patients in relation to sputum bacterial load and inflammation and severity.Methods: This present case control study was conducted in department of medicine CHC Katra, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir from June 2019 to September 2019. A total of 100 adult patients diagnosed with pulmonary TB (PTB) and 74 healthy, age matched individuals were included in the study.Results: Out of 100 patients, 65% were males with average age being 43.56±15.63 years. Mean serum protein at 6.32±0.78 g/dl and mean serum albumin at 3.45±0.52 g/dl showed significance. Mean serum Fe (39.68±18.32 ug/dl) and mean hemoglobin level (9.36±1.52) was significantly lower as compared to controls. Serum TIBC, serum ferritin and serum CRP showed higher values among cases. Raised serum ferritin levels corresponded to the raised CRP and TB is seen causing significantly low levels of transferrin.Conclusions: CRP and ferritin should be regarded as useful markers of PTB activity and also to the risks associated to it and also while monitoring therapeutic response.

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A Retrospective Case – Control Study : Consumption Pattern and Nutritional Status For Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patient at Pakis Community Health Center District of Malang

Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Inter-professional Health Collaboration (ICIHC 2018) ◽

10.2991/icihc-18.2019.53 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Sandy Ardiansyah ◽

Emy Yuliantini ◽

Kamsiah

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Health Center ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Community Health Center ◽

Case Control ◽

Tuberculosis Patient ◽

Consumption Pattern ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Control Study

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Is Iron Deficiency a Risk Factor for Postpartum Depression? A Case-Control Study in the Gaza Strip, Palestine

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980021003761 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-21

Author(s):

Samar Hameed ◽

Ihab A. Naser ◽

Mohamed A. Ghussein ◽

Mohammed S. Ellulu

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Iron Deficiency ◽

Postpartum Depression ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Iron Status ◽

Gaza Strip ◽

Case Control ◽

Body Iron ◽

The Gaza Strip ◽

Control Study

Abstract Objective: This study aims to investigate the association between iron body status and postpartum depression (PPD) among mothers during the postpartum period. Design: This is a Case-Control study. Setting: Governmental primary health care centers in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. Participants: This study involved 300 mothers a month after delivery, with one 150 mothers that were recruited in the Cases group who were diagnosed with PPD based on Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) ≥10. The Control group included 150 mothers did not have PPD (EPDS <10). Body iron status represented by the index of sTfR/log Ferritin. Results: Among PPD mothers, 43.3% had low ferritin level vs. 15.3% for controls (P<0.001) and cases vs. controls difference in mean hemoglobin level was -0.61 (95% C.I -0.86, -0.35). The results of the Multiple Logistic Regression reported that there is a statistically significant association between PPD and the body iron status existed, as mothers who suffered from iron deficiency (ID) were three times more likely to have PPD (ORadj 3.25; p = 0.015). Furthermore, the results of the final regression model showed that the other factors that can lead to PPD are; absence of psychological guidance services (ORadj 8.54; p = 0.001), suffering from undesired feeling in the last pregnancy (ORadj 1.77; p = 0.034), in addition to having one of the mental health disorders in the last pregnancy (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Body iron status might be a risk factor for postpartum depression and other possibilities of. reverse causality may worsen the condition.

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