scholarly journals Relationship between the female attendance pattern and pup growth rate in the South American sea lion (Carnivora)

2021 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Drago ◽  
Luis Cardona ◽  
Valentina Franco-Trecu ◽  
Federico G. Riet-Sapriza ◽  
Enrique A. Crespo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Female Body ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
South American ◽  
Attendance Pattern ◽  
Female Body Mass ◽  
Pup Growth

Changes in the duration and frequency of foraging trips by female otariids may result in changes in the duration and frequency of lactation bouts and hence influence pup growth rate, unless females modify milk energy density and/or the total amount of milk delivered depending on the trip duration. To test this hypothesis on South American sea lions, we measured two attendance pattern components (foraging trip and haul-out duration) and three diving behaviour components of nursing females (dive time, bottom time and number of dives per h) at two different rookeries in Uruguay and Argentina, the composition and energy density of their milk, and the growth rate of their pups. Female foraging trip and haul-out durations depended on pup sex and weight, whereas milk energy density depended on female body mass and foraging trip durations. By contrast, the three dive variables were independent of female body mass or pup sex. Pup growth was also independent of the foraging trip and haul-out duration, with pup sex as the only significant variable. This suggests that individual differences in female foraging behaviour play a minor role in determining pup growth rates during the first three weeks after birth.

scholarly journals Movers and stayers: how residential selection contributes to the association between female body mass index and neighborhood characteristics

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 1384-1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
K R Smith ◽  
H A Hanson ◽  
B B Brown ◽  
C D Zick ◽  
L Kowaleski-Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Female Body ◽  
Neighborhood Characteristics ◽  
Female Body Mass

Female Body Mass Index and the election of a Long‐Acting Reversible Contraception for the first time

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Frederico ◽  
Priscilla N. Silva dos Santos ◽  
Jéssica M. Ferreira ◽  
Luis Bahamondes ◽  
Arlete Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Female Body ◽  
Female Body Mass ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
First Time

scholarly journals Influence of Female Age and Body Mass on Brood and Duckling Survival, Number of Surviving Ducklings, and Brood Movements in Redheads

The Condor ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 926-929
Author(s):  
Tina Yerkes
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Female Body ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Duckling Survival ◽  
Daily Survival ◽  
Brood Movement ◽  
Female Body Mass ◽  
Brood Success

AbstractI documented brood and duckling survival, the number of surviving ducklings, and brood movements of Redheads, and examined the association between these variables and female age and body mass. Redhead brood success was 55% and duckling daily survival rates averaged 0.868. Female body mass, but not age, was related to brood and duckling survival and the number of surviving ducklings. Successful females were heavier and produced more ducklings. All brood-movement measures differed between successful and unsuccessful females, however, the distance of the first move between wetlands accounted for the most variability in brood success. Increased body mass, but not age, was associated with longer first brood movements.

Interannual variation in birth mass and postnatal growth rate of Juan Fernández fur seals

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 978-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Ochoa-Acuña ◽  
John M Francis ◽  
Daryl J Boness
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Interannual Variation ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Fur Seals ◽  
Fur Seal ◽  
Attendance Pattern

The objectives of this study were to establish body mass at birth, postnatal growth rate, and the factors that influence these parameters for the Juan Fernández fur seal, Arctocephalus philippii. Females of this species have an unusual attendance pattern in which foraging trips and shore visits last, on average, 12.3 and 5.3 days, respectively. Pup mass was obtained from cohorts born during the reproductive seasons in 1988 through 1992. Birth masses of male and female pups were significantly different, averaging 6.1 and 5.5 kg, respectively (F = 13.2, P < 0.0003, n = 238). Birth masses also differed among cohorts, being lowest in 1992 and highest in 1990. During the first 2 months of life, male and female pups grew at the same rate (79 ± 61.5 g · day-1 (mean ± SD); F[1] = 0.03, P = 0.8562). Interannual differences in growth rate during the first month were significant (F[4] = 8.14, P < 0.0001), as was the interaction between month and year effects (F[2] = 6.81, P = 0.0012). Growth rates for the 1990 cohort were lower than those in all other years except 1992. Birth masses and postnatal growth rates of Juan Fernández fur seal pups are comparable to those of other otariid species.

scholarly journals Does risk of predation influence population dynamics? Evidence from cyclic decline of snowshoe hares

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Hik
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Female Body ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Control Area ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Food Treatment ◽  
Snowshoe Hares ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Female Body Mass

Like most heavily preyed-upon animals, snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) have to balance conflicting demands of obtaining food at a high rate and avoiding predators. Adopting foraging behaviours to minimise predation risk may also lead to a decline in condition, and hence fecundity. Predictions of three hypotheses (condition constraint hypothesis, predator-avoidance constraint hypothesis, predation-sensitive foraging (PSF) hypothesis) were tested by comparing changes in the survival and condition of snowshoe hares on four experimental areas in winter during a cyclic peak and decline (1989–1993) near Kluane Lake, Yukon, Canada, where (i) predation risk was reduced by excluding terrestrial predators (FENCE), (ii) food supply was supplemented with rabbit chow ad libitum (FOOD), (iii) these two treatments were combined (FENCE+FOOD), and (iv) an unmanipulated CONTROL was used. Different pattems of survival and changes in body mass were observed in the presence and absence of terrestrial predators. On the CONTROL area, female body mass and fecundity declined, even though sufficient winter forage was apparently available in all years. A similar decrease in body mass was observed on the FOOD treatment, but only during the third year of the population decline. In contrast, female body mass remained high throughout the decline in the absence of terrestrial predators in the FENCE+FOOD and FENCE treatments. Winter survival declined on CONTROL and FENCE areas during the first year of the population decline (1991), but remained higher on FOOD until 1992 and FENCE+FOOD until 1993. These results generally supported the PSF hypothesis where terrestrial predators were present (CONTROL and FOOD grids). Where terrestrial predators were absent (FENCE and FENCE+FOOD), the results supported the alternative condition constraint hypothesis. The evidence suggests that a cascade of sublethal behavioural and physiological effects associated with increased predation risk contribute to the population decline and delayed recovery of cyclic low-phase populations of snowshoe hares.

scholarly journals Effects of population density and female body mass on litter size in European roe deer at a continental scale

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Flajšman ◽  
Tomasz Borowik ◽  
Boštjan Pokorny ◽  
Bogumiła Jędrzejewska
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Female Body ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Female Body Mass

scholarly journals Female body mass index (BMI) influences art outcomes: an evaluation of 3740 IVF/ICSI cycles

2018 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. e120-e121
Author(s):  
J.B. Oliveira ◽  
F. Dieamant ◽  
R. Baruffi ◽  
C.G. Petersen ◽  
A.L. Mauri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Female Body ◽  
Female Body Mass
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