Compatibility of Forest Certification and Forest Harvesting Practice Code Approach to Sustainable Forest Management.

In early 2005, 10,045 ha Community Forests (CFs) were certified in Bajhang and Dolakha districts of Nepal by using the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification scheme. After two years of forest certification, subsequent questions are being asked such as: What benefits have certification brought for the Forest Users Groups (FUGs)? What tangible differences are there in forest management system because of forest certification? and What lessons have been learnt from the certified forests? In an attempt to answer these questions, a study was carried out in April 2007 in Dolakha district where 11 (2,182 ha) community managed forests were certified in 2005. On the basis of field study from two certified forests (Vitteripakha and Suspa) of the district, this paper analyzes the effects of forest certification and its implications for enhancing Sustainable Community Forestry (SCF) in Nepal. Key words: Sustainable forest management, forest certification, community forestry Banko Janakari: A journal of forestry information for Nepal Vol.17(1) 2007 pp.11-16

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Saproxylic insect assemblages in Canadian forests: diversity, ecology, and conservation

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/n07-ls02 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 140 (4) ◽

pp. 453-474 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

David W. Langor ◽

H.E. James Hammond ◽

John R. Spence ◽

Joshua Jacobs ◽

Tyler P. Cobb

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Boreal Forests ◽

Dead Wood ◽

Sustainable Forest Management ◽

Forest Harvesting ◽

Stand Age ◽

Managed Forests ◽

Saproxylic Insects ◽

Associated Species ◽

Experimental Burns

AbstractSaproxylic insect assemblages inhabiting dead wood in Canadian forests are highly diverse and variable but quite poorly understood. Adequate assessment of these assemblages poses significant challenges with respect to sampling, taxonomy, and analysis. Their assessment is nonetheless critical to attaining the broad goals of sustainable forest management because such species are disproportionately threatened elsewhere by the reductions in dead wood generally associated with commercial exploitation of northern forests. The composition of the saproxylic fauna is influenced by many factors, including tree species, degree of decay, stand age, and cause of tree death. Wildfire and forest harvesting have differential impacts on saproxylic insect assemblages and on their recovery in postdisturbance stands. Exploration of saproxylic insect responses to variable retention harvesting and experimental burns is contributing to the development of prescriptions for conserving saproxylic insects in boreal forests. Understanding of processes that determine diversity patterns and responses of saproxylic insects would benefit from increased attention to natural history. Such work should aim to provide a habitat-classification system for dead wood to better identify habitats (and associated species) at risk as a result of forest management. This tool could also be used to improve strategies to better maintain saproxylic organisms and their central nutrient-cycling functions in managed forests.

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The implications of new forest tenure reforms and forestry property markets for sustainable forest management and forest certification in China

Journal of Environmental Management ◽

10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.07.007 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 129 ◽

pp. 206-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Juan Chen ◽

John L. Innes

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Sustainable Forest Management ◽

Forest Certification ◽

Forest Tenure ◽

New Forest ◽

Property Markets

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FOREST CARE: Evaluating progress toward sustainable forest management in Alberta

The Forestry Chronicle ◽

10.5558/tfc75811-5 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 75 (5) ◽

pp. 811-820

Author(s):

Andrew M. Carpenter ◽

Winifred B. Kessler

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Sustainable Forest Management ◽

Forest Products ◽

Forest Planning ◽

Test Case ◽

Forest Certification ◽

Certification Program ◽

Audit Process ◽

Certification Programs ◽

Northern Alberta

Forest certification programs establish standards for sustainable forest management (SFM), and processes for evaluating the practices of companies relative to those standards. FORESTCARE is a volunteer, provincial-level certification program initiated by the Alberta Forest Products Association, its members, and stakeholders. Using a participating woodlands operation in northern Alberta as a test case, we examined how SFM criteria are applied in the FORESTCARE program, and whether measurable progress is evident. We also compared the FORESTCARE audit process with corporate and government audits performed in the same year. The test case revealed specific, measurable changes in management that represent actual or potential progress toward SFM. However, the improvements could not be directly attributed to the FORESTCARE Program. Recommendations are provided for strengthening FORESTCARE processes and practices. Key words: Alberta forestry, ecosystem management, FORESTCARE, forest certification, forest planning, public participation, sustainable forest management

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How do Alberta's, Ontario's and Quebec's forest operation laws respect ecological sustainable forest management criteria in the boreal forest?

The Forestry Chronicle ◽

10.5558/tfc83061-1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

pp. 61-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Laurence Bourgeois ◽

Daniel Kneeshaw ◽

Louis Imbeau ◽

Nicolas Bélanger ◽

Stephen Yamasaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Boreal Forest ◽

Aquatic Environment ◽

Sustainable Forest Management ◽

Forest Certification ◽

Forest Operations ◽

Ecological Criteria ◽

Canadian Boreal Forest ◽

Forest Operation ◽

To Receive

In order to receive forest certification and to respond to societal desires, many forest companies are attempting to demonstrate that their forest activities are «sustainable». The main objective of this paper is to qualitatively evaluate the ways in which forestry-related provincial regulations in the three provinces (Alberta, Ontario and Quebec) that contain most of the Canadian boreal forest help forest companies achieve certification with respect to ecological criteria. In the process of continually evolving towards sustainable forest management, we evaluate how these provincial regulations governing forest operations can be helpful in maintaining three criteria: biodiversity, the aquatic environment and soils. This study shows that the regulations evaluated have varied in their approach and thus have different strengths that must be underlined: (1) Ontario's approach is the strongest in terms of biodiversity, (2) Alberta and Ontario provide measures to abandon roads after harvesting, (3) Quebec provides the greatest specific measures for protecting waterways and aquatic species, (4) Alberta shows the greatest consideration for maintaining the most soil properties and functions. Better links between different regulations are necessary in all jurisdictions. The continual improvement of Canadian forest rules is often slow and advances at a different pace depending on regulators but it should be supported in all provinces. Key words: sustainable forest management, biodiversity, aquatic environment, soils, Alberta, Ontario, Quebec

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Efforts toward Creating a Sustainable Business Model: An Empirical Investigation of Small-Scale Certified Forestry Firms in Taiwan

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11092523 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2523 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jun-Yen Lee ◽

Ching-Hsing Chang

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Business Model ◽

Business Models ◽

Sustainable Forest Management ◽

Third Party ◽

External Support ◽

Small Scale ◽

Forest Certification ◽

Sustainable Business ◽

Good Communication

Forest certification plays a notable role in promoting sustainability. This certification shows that forestland holders have adopted innovative practices toward realizing sustainable business models. Relatively little analysis has been devoted to identifying the efforts of transforming a conventional business model into a sustainable version through the application of forest certification. This paper examines the elements of a sustainable business model: value proposition, value creation and delivery, and value capture in certified forestland holders’ business operations. Empirical results have confirmed that certification signifies a successful sustainability transformation within adopting firms. However, these small organizations struggle with obtaining know-how regarding sustainable forest management. There needs to be adequate external support, such as government consultants or academic researchers, in order to successfully adopt third-party forest certification. However, while practicing sustainable forest management activities will not guarantee premium prices, the certification has, in some rare cases, helped to develop a new niche market. Good communication with stakeholders has improved firms’ relationships with local residents, but more channels of communication are still needed to activate green consumers.

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The Canadian commercial forestry perspective on certification: National survey results

The Forestry Chronicle ◽

10.5558/tfc77309-2 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 77 (2) ◽

pp. 309-313 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Bill Wilson ◽

Takuya Takahashi ◽

Ilan Vertinsky

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

National Survey ◽

Sustainable Forest Management ◽

Iso 14001 ◽

Forest Certification ◽

Environmental Groups ◽

Reduced Pressure ◽

Underlying Basis ◽

Survey Results ◽

Forest Lands

Certification has rather quickly emerged to become an important element within the response amalgam to public concerns about the sustainability of commercial forestry. This paper presents the results of a national survey designed to examine the attitudes of Canadian forest companies toward the various certification vehicles and the underlying basis for those attitudes. Included are the ISO 14001, CSA, FSC and FORESTCARE vehicles. The results, which include responses from 117 companies, confirm a recognized need to achieve forest certification and that the appropriate certification vehicle remains unsettled. It is also clear that the forest industry does not expect a price premium to accrue from any of the vehicles. Instead, the main reason for certification is to secure continued access to public forest lands through improved public acceptance of forest management and reduced pressure from environmental groups. Key words: forest certification, sustainable forest management, criteria and indicators

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Forest certification, state regulation and community empowerment: complementarity in seeking a viable solution to forest degradation in Indonesia?

Asia Pacific Journal of Environmental Law ◽

10.4337/apjel.2019.01.02 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 27-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shawkat Alam ◽

Tuti Herawati ◽

Herman Hidayat ◽

Stephen Wyatt

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Sustainable Forest Management ◽

Political Stability ◽

Regulatory Reform ◽

State Intervention ◽

State Regulation ◽

Community Empowerment ◽

Small Scale ◽

Forest Certification ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages

For developing countries like Indonesia, the advantages enjoyed by developed countries – of political stability and highly regulated systems of land tenure and ownership – are elusive, leading to a situation in which state intervention in forest governance is met with resistance and faces significant hurdles. Recognizing the challenges facing implementation of Indonesia's current systems of certification, and the failure thus far of government efforts to stem illegal forestry activity, this article examines the influence of certification on sustainable forest management (SFM) in Indonesia. In particular, the question of how certification requirements interact with both the domestic regulatory framework and expectations for community participation and engagement is considered. The article begins by reviewing Indonesian efforts to implement SFM, as well as the basis of certification systems; before examining Indonesian experience with forest certification, drawing both upon previously published studies and field research by the authors. Finally, the article considers complementarity in government, private and community initiatives in SFM and how regulatory reform in support of a more participatory approach could contribute to achieving these goals. The development of the Indonesian voluntary forestry certification process shows that both certification schemes and government regulation provide advantages and disadvantages in improving the sustainability of forest management and in controlling illegal activities. An increased role for communities, small-scale producers and traditional forest users appears important in the Indonesian context, providing additional options and capacity for sustainable forest management.

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A biophysical approach to delineate a northern limit to commercial forestry: the case of Quebec’s boreal forest

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/cjfr-2014-0260 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 45 (5) ◽

pp. 515-528 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Robert Jobidon ◽

Yves Bergeron ◽

André Robitaille ◽

Frédéric Raulier ◽

Sylvie Gauthier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Boreal Forest ◽

Sequential Analysis ◽

Sustainable Forest Management ◽

Forest Harvesting ◽

Timber Production ◽

Northern Limit ◽

Biodiversity Indicators ◽

Potential Productivity ◽

Highly Sensitive

The boreal forest ecosystem is one of the largest frontier forests of the world, providing many ecological services to society. Boreal forests are also economically important, but forest harvesting and management become increasingly difficult when one moves from south to north in boreal environments. An approach was thus developed to assess the suitability of land units for timber production in a sustainable forest management (SFM) context in the northern boreal forest of Quebec (Canada). This area includes all of Quebec’s spruce – feather moss bioclimatic domain (closed forest), as well as the southern portion of the spruce–lichen bioclimatic domain (open woodland). Four criteria specific to the biophysical aspects of SFM were evaluated in 1114 land districts: physical environment, timber production capacity, forest vulnerability to fire (e.g., probability that it reaches maturity), and conservation of biodiversity. Indicators and acceptability cutoff values were determined for each selected criterion, and a sequential analysis was developed to evaluate if a land district has the potential to be sustainably managed. This analytical process led to the classification of land districts into three categories: slightly sensitive (SFM possible); moderately sensitive (SFM possible under certain conditions); and highly sensitive (SFM not possible). The results show that 354 land districts were highly sensitive, 62 due to physical constraints (7.5% of the area), 130 due to insufficient potential productivity (15.4% of the area), 92 due to insufficient potential productivity to account for the fire risk (13.8% of the area), and 70 due to an insufficient proportion of tall and dense forest habitats (7.7% of the area — biodiversity criterion). This work provides scientific background to proposing a northern limit for forest management activities in Quebec. The developed approach could be useful in other jurisdictions to address similar issues.

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Analysis of the relationship among stakeholders affected by sustainable forest management and forest certification

The Forestry Chronicle ◽

10.5558/tfc75961-6 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 75 (6) ◽

pp. 961-965 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Marc-André Côté ◽

Luc Bouthillier

Keyword(s):

Forest Management ◽

Public Participation ◽

Sustainable Forest Management ◽

Social Values ◽

Forest Sector ◽

Forest Certification ◽

New Concepts ◽

Forest Practices ◽

Long Time ◽

The Relationship

Supporters of sustainable forest management and forest certification are seeking to improve worldwide forest practices. Groups involved in the forest sector will have to adapt themselves to respect new environmental regulations, standards, and agreements linked to these two new concepts. Some forest stakeholders will lose several of their long-time privileges under the pressure of new actors involved in sustainable forest management. Forest managers will have to consider more social values in their planning than they used before. Sustainable forest management and forest certification thus have the potential to resolve, through public participation processes, old conflicts between stakeholders involved in forest management. However, these same processes could be the source of new conflicts. This article analyzes the ways in which relationships between forest stakeholders could be affected by new sustainable forest management rules. Key words: sustainable forest management, certification, forest stakeholder, public participation

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