Collaborative Production, the Knowledge Commons and the Application of Open Content Licenses

Media Environment ◽

Structural Mechanism ◽

Knowledge Commons ◽

The Social ◽

Self Knowledge ◽

Contemporary Media ◽

Open Content

In recent years impacts of information and communication technologies, market enclosures, and the opposing struggle to retain community and public goods have had significant impacts on the social interactions of communities. This chapter examines communities in the context of the knowledge commons – a space by which “a particular type of freedom” (Benkler, 2004) can be practised. It also provides an appropriate lexicon to the examination and discourse of communities and the ways they work. As Castells (2003) notes, self-knowledge “is always a construction no matter how much it feels like a discovery” –this construction is enabled when people work or associate themselves with each other. In particular, the chapter is concerned about the structure of open content licenses operating within such domains. The chapter first explores the concept of the knowledge commons to understand the types of intellectual property that are distinctive to communities (public, communal, and private). Thereafter, licenses as a structure are examined as they may apply within such contexts. A significant influence on the discussion is the contemporary media environment that communities operate in today, resulting in the breaking down of boundaries, the blurring of distinctions between an original and a copy, and shifting the nature of production in communities. These debates lead to a case for open content licenses as an appropriate structural mechanism for communities.

Cultivating Communities Through the Knowledge Commons

Intellectual Property Protection for Multimedia Information Technology ◽

10.4018/978-1-59904-762-1.ch013 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 260-277

Author(s):

Natalie Pang

Keyword(s):

Significant Influence ◽

Media Environment ◽

Knowledge Commons ◽

Self Knowledge ◽

Contemporary Media ◽

Open Content ◽

Structural Mechanisms

In recent years, impacts of information and communication technologies, market enclosures, and the struggle to retain public goods have had significant impacts on the nature of interactions of communities. This chapter examines communities in the context of the knowledge commons–a space by which “a particular type of freedom” (Benkler, 2004) can be practised. It is also an appropriate concept applied to the discussion of communities and the ways they work. As Castells (2003) noted, self-knowledge “is always a construction no matter how much it feels like a discovery,” and this construction is enabled when people work, or associate themselves with each other. In particular, the chapter is concerned about the structure of open content licenses operating within such domains. The chapter first explores the concept of the knowledge commons to understand the types of intellectual property that are distinctive to communities (public, communal, and private). Thereafter, licenses, as a structure, are examined as they may apply within such contexts. A significant influence on the discussion is the contemporary media environment operating in today resulting in the breaking down of boundaries, the blurring of distinctions between an original and a copy, and shifting the nature of production in communities. These debates lead to a case for open content licenses as appropriate structural mechanisms for communities.

Technologies Disability and Inclusion

EDUCATION SCIENCES AND SOCIETY ◽

10.3280/ess1-2018oa6064 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tomas Brusell

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Augmented Reality ◽

Future Development ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Modern Technology ◽

The Social ◽

The Disabled ◽

When modern technology permeates every corner of life, there are ignited more and more hopes among the disabled to be compensated for the loss of mobility and participation in normal life, and with Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), Exoskeleton Technologies and truly hands free technologies (HMI), it's possible for the disabled to be included in the social and pedagogic spheres, especially via computers and smartphones with social media apps and digital instruments for Augmented Reality (AR) .In this paper a nouvel HMI technology is presented with relevance for the inclusion of disabled in every day life with specific focus on the future development of "smart cities" and "smart homes".

The social consumption of information and communication technologies (ICTs): insights from research on the appropriation and consumption of new ICTs in the domestic environment

Cognition Technology & Work ◽

10.1007/s10111-002-0111-x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 4-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

James Stewart

Keyword(s):

Domestic Environment ◽

The Social ◽

Political Campaigning in the Information Age - Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology ◽

Relationship between Social Media and Political Parties

10.4018/978-1-4666-6062-5.ch001 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 1-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kamil Demirhan

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Political Parties ◽

New Technologies ◽

Social Actors ◽

Media Usage ◽

Communicative Functions ◽

The Social ◽

This chapter analyzes the capacity of social media usage and the social media strategies of political parties that became the members of Turkish Parliament after 2011 election. The social media usage increases in parallel to the improvements in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and it becomes an important tool with its communicative functions to realize activities in social, political, and economic fields. In the globalization process, developments in ICTs and changes in the meaning of democracy have been realized parallel to each other. Politics has become more open to interaction and the participation of different actors. ICTs have created new opportunities to interaction and participation of social actors. These improvements require transformations in the role and functions of political parties. They have to arrange their programs and structures according to participative understanding of democracy and new technologies. Social media usage is seen as a requirement for political parties and party leaders for adaptation to these developments, and it is also seen as a device with its potential for realizing participation, communication, and interaction to adapt to the changes in the understanding of politics.

Relationship between Social Media and Political Parties

Social Media and Networking ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-8614-4.ch055 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 1196-1225 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kamil Demirhan

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Political Parties ◽

New Technologies ◽

Social Actors ◽

Media Usage ◽

Communicative Functions ◽

The Social ◽

This chapter analyzes the capacity of social media usage and the social media strategies of political parties that became the members of Turkish Parliament after 2011 election. The social media usage increases in parallel to the improvements in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and it becomes an important tool with its communicative functions to realize activities in social, political, and economic fields. In the globalization process, developments in ICTs and changes in the meaning of democracy have been realized parallel to each other. Politics has become more open to interaction and the participation of different actors. ICTs have created new opportunities to interaction and participation of social actors. These improvements require transformations in the role and functions of political parties. They have to arrange their programs and structures according to participative understanding of democracy and new technologies. Social media usage is seen as a requirement for political parties and party leaders for adaptation to these developments, and it is also seen as a device with its potential for realizing participation, communication, and interaction to adapt to the changes in the understanding of politics.

Open Innovation

Small and Medium Enterprises ◽

10.4018/978-1-4666-3886-0.ch077 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 1521-1534

Author(s):

Hakikur Rahman

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Open Innovation ◽

Small And Medium Enterprises ◽

The Road ◽

The Social ◽

Medium Enterprises ◽

Corporate Business

With the advent of innovative technologies and multi-dimensional researches along the setting of entrepreneurship development, philosophy, context and business handling has been transformed from being traditional to innovative. Depending on diversity and nature of the transformation, innovation has been shifted from closed to open to crowdsourcing innovation. Ranging from small entrepreneurs to corporate business houses are being immensely benefited by the innovation techniques, especially utilizing information and communication technologies. However, the road to innovation, despite being a paradigm shift is not smooth and ready for many, particularly the small and medium enterprises who mainly deal with the clients at the outer peripheries of the social circle. This chapter synthesizes issues of opportunities and challenges for small and medium enterprises by carrying out a broad literature review and synthesis. Furthermore, the chapter will provide a few research hints to be applicable for researchers and research institutions.

Marketing the mCity

Information Communication Technologies and City Marketing ◽

10.4018/978-1-60566-134-6.ch014 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 295-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anette Hallin

Keyword(s):

City Marketing ◽

Contemporary Media ◽

Dialogic Process ◽

The Mind ◽

Receiver Model ◽

Marketing Material ◽

The City

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) cannot only be used practically in marketing efforts, but also as symbols, due to the images and associations they provoke of for example modernity and speed. The marketing of a city through the use of ICT-images however, also involve risks, as ICTs among certain people also bring about negative associations. Therefore, marketers need to be aware of what happens with the marketing material after it has been developed and sent out. The main argument of this chapter is that sense making emerges through a dialogic process. By analyzing semiotically a marketing leaflet for the Stockholm-based ICT-project mCity, and two ads for Nokia phones that appeared in Europe at about the same time as mCity, this chapter challenges the traditional cybernetic sender-receiver model of communication, and proposes that when the sender has sent the message, the message becomes a speaker on its own, interacting with the listener through a dialogic process set in the mind of the lis ener. When understanding this, marketers should benchmark the use of ICTs in other contemporary media in order to ensure the success aimed for with the city marketing material using ICT-imager.

Research Ethics in the Social Sciences

10.4018/978-1-7998-8473-6.ch005 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 54-64

Author(s):

Gianluca Attademo ◽

Alessia Maccaro

Keyword(s):

Risk Management ◽

Research Ethics ◽

Codes Of Conduct ◽

The Other ◽

The Social ◽

The One ◽

The Relationship

The formulation of Charts for research ethics and Codes of conduct has been growing in the last few decades, on the one hand due to a renewed awareness of the ethical dimensions of research governance and the relationship between regulators and researchers, and on the other hand for the expansion of possibilities achieved by innovation in information and communication technologies. The voluntary involvement of research participants, risk management and prevention, data protection, community engagement, reflexivity of researchers are some of the centres of gravity of a debate that involves researchers, institutions, and citizens.

Communicating in the Information Society

Digital Literacy ◽

10.4018/978-1-59904-798-0.ch002 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 26-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Lorenzo Cantoni ◽

Stefano Tardini

Keyword(s):

Digital Communication ◽

Knowledge Society ◽

Social Practices ◽

Ecological Approach ◽

Communication Tools ◽

Broad Perspective ◽

The Social ◽

The present chapter provides a conceptual framework for the newest digital communication tools and for the practices they encourage, stressing the communication opportunities they offer and the limitations they impose. In this chapter, Internetbased communication technologies are regarded as the most recent step in the development of communication technologies. This approach helps have a broad perspective on the changes information and communication technologies (ICT) are bringing along in the social practices of so called knowledge society. As a matter of fact, these changes need to be considered within an “ecological” approach, that is, an approach that provides a very wide overview on the whole context (both in synchronic terms and in diachronic ones) where ICT are spreading. In the second part of the chapter, the authors present two examples of relevant social practices that are challenged by the most recent ICT, namely journalism (news market) and Internet search engines.