Embedding New Technologies and Extending Time Horizons in Input-Output Analysis

2013 ◽  
pp. 192-204
Author(s):  
Randall W. Jackson ◽  
Christa D. Court
Keyword(s):  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Economic Shocks ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Input Output Analysis ◽  
Time Horizons ◽  
Economic Behaviors

Input-output analysts are often confronted with requests for impacts assessments for economic shocks that stretch uncomfortably the assumptions of standard input-output modeling. This chapter presents an approach to confronting a subset of these challenges straightforwardly in a way that ameliorates some of the more restrictive input-output assumptions, maintains the inter-industry detail of the input-output model, and enhances the representation of certain economic behaviors without the additional complexities of moving to more complex computable general equilibrium or conjoined econometric input-output models. The authors conclude with the observation that direct changes to the input-output framework most often necessitate further modifications requiring additional behavioral assumptions and decisions on the part of the modeler.

A Preliminary Input-Output Table for Large-Scale Industries in Pakistan

1962 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-83
Author(s):  
John C. H. Fei
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Equilibrium Theory ◽  
Equilibrium Analysis ◽  
Input Output ◽  
General Equilibrium Theory ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Output Table ◽  
Input Output Analysis

As an approach to economic problems, the input-output analysis is in the tradition of general equilibrium economics. However, it is a general equilibrium analysis with numerical strength. It is a general equilibrium theory because it analyzes all the industrial sectors of the economy simul¬taneously with special emphasis on the production relations among the industries. It is an approach with numerical strength because the basic formulation of the theory is amenable to statistical implementation in the econometric sense. Being such, this approach can be, and has been, applied to provide numerical answers to problems related to total economic mobilization of an economy, e.g., for war, for peace or for economic development. For this reason, it has a direct policy orientation; and, can be usefully applied to planning for economic development. On account of the fact that it is a general equilibrium theory with numerical strength, the input-output analysis is not an inexpensive approach. This is due to the fact that stupendous effort is involved in the collection and the processing of statistical data, for all the major production sectors, as well as in tabulation and computation. This is difficult even when the data are available, and when the data are not available, an effort in this direction is thwarted at the very initial stage. The standard reason given for not applying an input-output approach in planning for economic development is that data are not available. In this respect, Pakistan is a typical case. It is the purpose of this paper to present a preliminary input-output table for large-scale industries in Pakistan. As the base year for table, we have selected calendar year 1955, primarily because for this year the census of manufacturing industries is most detailed and most suitable for our purpose. As far as we know, this table is the first of its kind. However, in view of the data problem, the input-output table that will be presented is only a preliminary one. Not only does it exclude all production sectors

scholarly journals Mathematical Discussion on the Relationship Between SUTs and SIOTs

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Trinh Bui ◽  
Ngoc Quang Pham
Keyword(s):  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Intermediate Step ◽  
Cge Model ◽  
Intermediate Input ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
System Of National Accounts ◽  
Input Output Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

Since the 1993 System of National Accounts (SNA) and especially the 2008 SNA, traditional input-output table (IOT) of Leontief has been modified quite a lot with many variations. The supply and use tables (SUTs) seem to be substituted for the IOT, although there has not been a complete guiding to SUTs to IOT conversion.Originally in 1968 SNA, SUTs was called make and use matrices as an intermediate step to compile IOT. However, 1993 and 2008 SNA seem to replace IOT with SUTs, of which regulations make it difficult to convert from SUTs to IOT such as regulation on the size of supply and use tables and regulation on the prices of the intermediate input matrix.Some countries use computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, while others use both the CGE model and input-output analysis, so they need to convert SUTs into symmetric input-output tables (SIOTs). The construction of SIOTs is a controversial issue as regards the choice of model to construct both product-by-product and industry-by-industry SIOTs. This paper discusses the SUTs given in 1968, 1993, 2008 SNA, and the method for converting SUTs to SIOTs.Although there have been several articles on how to convert SUTs into SIOTs, this article is an effort to provide an easier, more understandable way to convert SUTs to SIOTs based on the arrangement of supply and use matrices.

scholarly journals Trade in Carbon and Carbon Tariffs

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-708
Author(s):  
Christoph Böhringer ◽  
Jan Schneider ◽  
Emmanuel Asane-Otoo
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Equilibrium Analysis ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Developing Regions ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Global Cost ◽  
Equilibrium Analyses

AbstractCarbon-based import tariffs are proposed as a policy measure to reduce carbon leakage and increase the global cost-effectiveness of unilateral CO2 emission pricing. We investigate the case for carbon tariffs. For our assessment, we combine multi-region input–output and computable general equilibrium analyses based on data from the World Input–Output Database for the period 2000–2014. The multi-region input–output analysis confirms that carbon embodied in trade has increased during this period, but trade flows from Non-OECD to OECD countries became less important in relative terms since the 2007–2008 financial crisis. The computable general equilibrium analysis suggests that carbon tariffs’ efficacy in combating leakage increases in periods when trade in carbon increases. However, its potential to improve the global-cost effectiveness of unilateral emission pricing remains modest. On the other hand, we find that the potential of carbon tariffs to shift the economic burden of CO2 emission reduction from abating developed regions to non-abating developing regions increases sharply between 2000 and 2007, but declines after the financial crisis.

Planning with Semi-input-output Method with Empirical Application to Nigeria. By Arie Kuyvenhoven. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Social Sciences Division. 1978. xi + 266 pp.

1980 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-249
Author(s):  
A. R. Kemal
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Final Demand ◽  
The Other ◽  
Production Structure ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Input Output Analysis ◽  
Comparative Cost ◽  
Planning Models

Input -output analysis is being widely used in developing countries for planning purposes. For a given level of final demand, input-output analysis allows us to project the required level of gross output to ensure consistency of plan. These projections are made on the assumption that the existing production structure is optimal and it implies that an increase in demand will be met through the expansion of domestic output even when it can be satisfied through an increase in imports. On the other hand, according to the semi-input-output method, we do not have to increase the output of international sectors in order to meet the increase in demand because the level and composition of these activities should be determined by comparative- cost considerations. These are the only national sectors in which output must increase in order to avoid shortage. The semi-input -output method has been such a useful and important contribution, yet, regrettably, its influence on the planning models had been rather limited.

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