Towards Energy Efficiency for Cloud Computing Services

Author(s):  
Daniele Tafani ◽  
Burak Kantarci ◽  
Hussein T. Mouftah ◽  
Conor McArdle ◽  
Liam P. Barry

Over the past decade, the increasing complexity of data-intensive cloud computing services along with the exponential growth of their demands in terms of computational resources and communication bandwidth presented significant challenges to be addressed by the scientific research community. Relevant concerns have specifically arisen for the massive amount of energy necessary for operating, connecting, and maintaining the thousands of data centres supporting cloud computing services, as well as for their drastic impact on the environment in terms of increased carbon footprint. This chapter provides a survey of the most popular energy-conservation and “green” technologies that can be applied at data centre and network level in order to overcome these issues. After introducing the reader to the general problem of energy consumption in cloud computing services, the authors illustrate the state-of-the-art strategies for the development of energy-efficient data centres; specifically, they discuss principles and best practices for energy-efficient data centre design focusing on hardware, power supply specifications, and cooling infrastructure. The authors further consider the problem from the perspective of the network energy consumption, analysing several approaches achieving power efficiency for access, and core networks. Additionally, they provide an insight to recent development in energy-efficient virtual machine placement and dynamic load balancing. Finally, the authors conclude the chapter by providing the reader with a novel research work for the establishment of energy-efficient lightpaths in computational grids.

Author(s):  
Rojalina Priyadarshini ◽  
Rabindra Kumar Barik ◽  
Brojo Kishore Mishra

The number of users of cloud computing services is drastically increasing, thereby increasing the size of data centers across the globe. In virtue of it, the consumption of power and energy is a major concern for system designers and developers. Their goal is now to develop power and energy-efficient products at the same time maintaining the quality and cost of products and services. For managing the power and efficiency, several aspects are taken into consideration in cloud computing paradigm. Load balancing, task scheduling, task migration, resource allocation are some of the techniques, which need to be efficiently employed to minimize the energy consumption. This chapter represents the detailed survey of the existing solutions and approaches for energy-efficient load balancing algorithms used in cloud environments. The research challenges as well as future research directions are also discussed in this chapter.


Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3898
Author(s):  
Godlove Kuaban ◽  
Tülin Atmaca ◽  
Amira Kamli ◽  
Tadeusz Czachórski ◽  
Piotr Czekalski

The transmission of massive amounts of small packets generated by access networks through high-speed Internet core networks to other access networks or cloud computing data centres has introduced several challenges such as poor throughput, underutilisation of network resources, and higher energy consumption. Therefore, it is essential to develop strategies to deal with these challenges. One of them is to aggregate smaller packets into a larger payload packet, and these groups of aggregated packets will share the same header, hence increasing throughput, improved resource utilisation, and reduction in energy consumption. This paper presents a review of packet aggregation applications in access networks (e.g., IoT and 4G/5G mobile networks), optical core networks, and cloud computing data centre networks. Then we propose new analytical models based on diffusion approximation for the evaluation of the performance of packet aggregation mechanisms. We demonstrate the use of measured traffic from real networks to evaluate the performance of packet aggregation mechanisms analytically. The use of diffusion approximation allows us to consider time-dependent queueing models with general interarrival and service time distributions. Therefore these models are more general than others presented till now.


Author(s):  
Oleh Nikonov

At present, there is a situation when the practice of creating modern devices, units and systems of ground unmanned vehicles (GUV) has preceded the theory of information analysis and synthesis of complex systems. Some existing solutions for the information support of the GUV need to be generalized, standardized and unified, the definition of new special requirements for the creation of computer systems and networks in transport should be made. Therefore, it is necessary and actual to develop information and communication technology for intelligent control of multi-purpose GUV. Goal. The purpose of the article is to develop information and communication technology for intelligent control of multi-purpose GUV, which work in conditions of intensive loads, difficult operating conditions, increased responsibility of mechanisms, resulting in reduced human losses and energy consumption, increased machine reliability and control accuracy. Methodology. The methodology of tasks is based on the use of a synergetic approach to the creation of information and communication technology for intelligent control of multi-purpose GUV, as the development of a systematic approach taking into account the adaptation and integration of the vehicle to transport infrastructure and/or rough terrain. The principles of synergetics underlie the construction of mechatronic systems – a combination in one unit of components of different technical nature (mechanical, electrical, computer), which adaptively interact with the external environment as a single functional and structural organism. The synergetic approach deals with phenomena and processes, as a result of which the system – as a whole – may have properties that none of the parts has. Results. The concept of intelligent control of multi-purpose GUV on the basis of artificial hybrid neuro-phase regulators with the use of cloud computing services and deep learning technology is proposed, substantiated and implemented, which allows to qualitatively increase the efficiency of both one vehicle and the transport system on the base combining a synergetic approach and evolutionary methods of learning multilayer artificial neural networks by objectively forming the architecture of these networks on the basis of learning functionalities and appropriate control objectives. Originality. Use of cloud computing services based on deep learning for intelligent control technology of GUV. Practical value. The proposed information and communication technology of intelligent control of multi-purpose GUV will significantly reduce energy consumption, psychophysical stress on crew members, as well as increase the accuracy of location.


2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 94-112
Author(s):  
Angelė Pečeliūnaitė

The article analyses the possibility of how Cloud Computing can be used by libraries to organise activities online. In order to achieve a uniform understanding of the essence of technology SaaS, IaaS, and PaaS, the article discusses the Cloud Computing services, which can be used for the relocation of libraries to the Internet. The improvement of the general activity of libraries in the digital age, the analysis of the international experience in the libraries are examples. Also the article discusses the results of a survey of the Lithuanian scientific community that confirms that 90% of the scientific community is in the interest of getting full access to e-publications online. It is concluded that the decrease in funding for libraries, Cloud Computing can be an economically beneficial step, expanding the library services and improving their quality.


Author(s):  
Shengju Yang

In order to solve the trust problems between users and cloud computing service providers in cloud computing services, the existing trust evaluation technology and access control technology in the cloud computing service are analyzed. And the evaluation index of cloud computing is also analyzed. Users can calculate the relevant indicators of cloud computing service according to their own business goals, and choose the appropriate cloud computing services according to their own trust need. In addition, the reliability assessment method of users based on the service process is proposed. Cloud computing access control system can be used for user credibility evaluation, and it can handle user access requests according to user's creditability. In the study, a cloud computing service trust evaluation tool is designed, and the modeling and architecture designs of trust evaluation are also given. The effectiveness of the method is verified by experiments on cloud computing service evaluation methods.


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