Weapons Design and Its Justification

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Keyword(s):  
Defence Spending ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Moral Judgements ◽  
Moral System ◽  
Research And Design

This chapter introduces some key concepts and ideas that play an important role in the book. For instance, the concepts of weapons design and weapons research are introduced. The author outlines the (simple) moral system, basic morality, that he will use to make moral judgements about weapons design. And he gives the standard justification of weapons design, and all forms of defence spending, which he calls the standard justification. The aim of the book could be said to be the project of showing that this does not serve to justify weapons research and design.

Ethics and HCI

2006 ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Knight
Keyword(s):  
User Experience ◽  
Moral Dilemma ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Design Goal ◽  
Universal Usability ◽  
Moral Judgements ◽  
Ethical Design ◽  
Research And Design

The goal of HCI research and design has been to deliver universal usability. Universal usability is making interfaces to technology that everyone can access and use. However, this goal has been challenged in recent times. Critics of usability (e.g., Eliot, 2002) have argued that usability “dumbs down” the user-experience to the lowest common denominator. The critics propose that focusing on ease of use can ignore the sophistication of expert users and consumers. At the same time, researchers have begun to investigate suprafunctional qualities of design including pleasure (Jordan, 2000), emotion (Norman, 2003), and fun. While recent discussions in HCI have bought these questions to the surfaces, they relate to deeper philosophical issues about the moral implications of design. Molotch (2003, p. 7), states that: Decisions about what precisely to make and acquire, and when, where, and how to do it involve moral judgements about what a man is, what a woman is, how a man ought to treat his aged parents…how he himself should grow old, gracefully or disgracefully, and so on. One response to this moral dilemma is to promote well-being rather than hedonism as an ethical design goal.

Ethics and HCI

2008 ◽  
pp. 231-237
Author(s):  
John Knight
Keyword(s):  
User Experience ◽  
Moral Dilemma ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Design Goal ◽  
Universal Usability ◽  
Moral Judgements ◽  
Ethical Design ◽  
Research And Design

The goal of HCI research and design has been to deliver universal usability. Universal usability is making interfaces to technology that everyone can access and use. However, this goal has been challenged in recent times. Critics of usability (e.g., Eliot, 2002) have argued that usability “dumbs down” the user-experience to the lowest common denominator. The critics propose that focusing on ease of use can ignore the sophistication of expert users and consumers. At the same time, researchers have begun to investigate suprafunctional qualities of design including pleasure (Jordan, 2000), emotion (Norman, 2003), and fun. While recent discussions in HCI have bought these questions to the surfaces, they relate to deeper philosophical issues about the moral implications of design. Molotch (2003, p. 7), states that: Decisions about what precisely to make and acquire, and when, where, and how to do it involve moral judgements about what a man is, what a woman is, how a man ought to treat his aged parents…how he himself should grow old, gracefully or disgracefully, and so on. One response to this moral dilemma is to promote well-being rather than hedonism as an ethical design goal.

Ethnogeriatrics: Development and Application of the Cohort Analysis Tool

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-52
Author(s):  
Melen McBride
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Practice Teaching ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Significant Factors

Ethnogeriatrics is an evolving specialty in geriatric care that focuses on the health and aging issues in the context of culture for older adults from diverse ethnic backgrounds. This article is an introduction to ethnogeriatrics for healthcare professionals including speech-language pathologists (SLPs). This article focuses on significant factors that contributed to the development of ethnogeriatrics, definitions of some key concepts in ethnogeriatrics, introduces cohort analysis as a teaching and clinical tool, and presents applications for speech-language pathology with recommendations for use of cohort analysis in practice, teaching, and research activities.

Review of Thinking Feminist: Key Concepts in Women's Studies.

1994 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-329
Author(s):  
Mary Crawford ◽  
Melissa Biber
Keyword(s):  
Women's Studies ◽  
Women’S Studies ◽  
Key Concepts

Attitudes towards Doing Research And Design Activities Questionnaire

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Vossen ◽  
I. Henze ◽  
R. C. A. Rippe ◽  
J. H. Van Driel ◽  
M. J. De Vries
Keyword(s):  
Design Activities ◽  
Research And Design

Key Concepts and Theory in Social Work

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hodgson ◽  
Lynelle Watts
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Key Concepts

Adam Smith and Rousseau

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
History And Literature ◽  
Edinburgh Review

Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Adam Smith are two of the foremost thinkers of the European Enlightenment, thinkers who made seminal contributions to moral and political philosophy and who shaped some of the key concepts of modern political economy. Among Smith’s first published works was a letter to the Edinburgh Review where he discusses Rousseau’s Discourse on the Origin of Inequality. Smith continued to engage with Rousseau’s work and to explore many shared themes such as sympathy, political economy, sentiment, and inequality. This collection brings together an international and interdisciplinary group of Adam Smith and Rousseau scholars to provide an exploration of the key shared concerns of these two great thinkers in politics, philosophy, economics, history, and literature.

The Vocabulary of Revelation: Divine Intent and Self-Disclosure in the Qur'an

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-215
Author(s):  
Asma Afsaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Divine Revelation ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
Direct Communication ◽  
Written Text ◽  
Arabic Word ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Divine Mercy ◽  
Divine Truth

This article explores how the uniqueness of the Qur'anic revelation has been perceived by primarily Sunnī Muslim commentators through time in the context of four main analytical aspects of revelation: (i) revelation as communication between God and humans that links language to divine truth; (ii) revelation as both oral and written text that points to complementary modes of divine discourse; (iii) revelation as purposeful manifestation of divine mercy and justice; and finally (iv) the idea of revelation as beautiful and inimitable text that invites the human recipient to ponder the aesthetics of divine self-disclosure which becomes reflected in Islamic theology as the doctrine of iʿjāz al-Qurʾān. These aspects are indicated by certain key concepts and terms derived from the Qur'anic vocabulary itself and are discussed in detail in order to illuminate the nature of the Qur'anic revelation—as adumbrated within the Qur'an itself and as elaborated upon by its human exegetes. The Arabic word for the phenomenon of revelation is waḥy and is, strictly speaking, applied to the Qur'an alone. In the Qur'an, the term wahy and its derivatives frequently occur with reference to God and His communication with humankind, although exceptions exist. Tanzīl is another Qur'anic lexeme that refers uniquely to God's direct communication with humanity. In the understanding of a number of influential commentators, both these terms also imply linguistic and rhetorical excellence as a component of divine revelation recognisable in all four of the aspects identified here.

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